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1. Look at the voc , find out the translation in French.
2. Memorize the words.
3. Do the mind map from memory
4. Work on " build up your vocabulary".

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• The Falklands war: a watershed for Mrs. Thatcher • Pro-independence political parties • Brexit et son influence sur l'Ecosse •Good Friday Agreement

Les mouvements séparatistes, la création de partis politiques dits « nationalistes », les référendums d’autodétermination séparatistes (en Écosse par exemple) et non séparatistes (Irlande du Nord, les Malouines, Gibraltar, etc.) ébranlent l’identité du Royaume-Uni ainsi que son unité. Dans un monde de plus en plus globalisé, ces revendications identitaires resurgissent, en Afrique anglophone également. Ainsi, les régions d’un même pays mettent-elles en œuvre, sous la pression identitaire, des législations visant à encourager la représentation de la diversité au sein des instances représentatives, des actes d’union afin de décentraliser un pouvoir politique éloigné (physiquement ou idéologiquement).

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Final task: Record the trailer of a TV documentary on the issues related to the Irish border

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1. What makes a country's identity?
2. Name some independentists groups/ parties?
3. Why wanting to become independent?

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READ THE DOCUMENTS , concentrate on the information, create a quiz for the class

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1. create a summary of the Brexit, what happened? consequences?
2. create a quiz/ kahoot for the class.

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1. Describe what you see, places? people? actions?
2.Focus on the colours. why are the colours significant?
3. what does the artist imply? what is the message?

vocab:
- to row
- to anchor
- a mast
- a sail

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When did Scotland hold a referendum? what did they decide? why?

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Results and turnout at the EU referendum

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View the results and turnout at the EU referendum

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Analyze the document and answer the questions
Find information about Nicola Sturgeon

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1.  read the title of the document adn imagine what it might be about.

2. watch the video/ take notes

3. what are the 2 big elements in Scotland's economy? how have they been affected by Brexit?

4. Post Brexit what do the Scottish people want? What are they worried about?

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Despite a majority of Scottish voters rejecting Brexit in the 2016 referendum, Scotland leaves the EU along with the rest of the UK on January 31. For some Scots, this shows that their nation is being ignored and bolsters the case for leaving the UK. On the other side of the independence debate, some rue that Brexit makes it more difficult to make the case for unionism, while others argue that Scottish grievances over Brexit are unjustified.

Edinburgh is a city of two souls. The ancient Old Town climbs up to Edinburgh Castle, towering over the Scottish capital atop an extinct volcano. This thousand year-old fortress is the most besieged place in Great Britain - largely thanks to attacks from English soldiers, most frequently during the bitter Wars of Scottish Independence in the Middle Ages.

The New Town incarnates the British side to Edinburgh's character. Its construction started in the eighteenth century to provide grand new housing for the city's flourishing bourgeoisie, which thrived on the back of Scotland's union with England in 1707. Its exquisite buildings shape the distinctive Scottish stone into quintessentially English architecture.

At the boundary between the Old and New Towns in Princes Street Gardens, the Scott Monument - in all its austere grandeur - represents a synthesis of their identities. It memorialises Sir Walter Scott, the nineteenth-century novelist whose tales mourned the loss of Scotland's time-hallowed clan society, while celebrating the emergence of a modern nation in political union with England.

Yet some in Edinburgh argued that Brexit shows this union is no longer working, as Scotland prepares to leave the EU on Friday, against the will of 62 percent of its voters in the 2016 referendum.

'It doesn't matter what the people of Scotland decided'

"Brexit made me more pro-independence," said Katherine, a young Scottish nationalist walking past the Scott Monument. "It's always felt like we're kind of second to the English viewpoint, maybe because there are less of us. It feels like they don't take our opinions seriously."

"I think it's a backward step coming from a sort of English nationalism," another Edinburgh local, who declined to give her name, said of Brexit.

The notion that Scotland has been ignored over Brexit is a "fairly accurate judgement", added Allan Massie, one of Scotland's most acclaimed contemporary novelists, and a staunch unionist as well as a Remainer.

Brexit has been carried out on "the assumption that there was this narrow majority in the United Kingdom, therefore we must go ahead and it doesn't matter what the people of Scotland have decided - they're part of the UK and they've got to come with us", said Massie, who lives in Selkirk near the border with England, in one of the most unionist parts of Scotland.

In this context, the Scottish National Party, which combines secessionism with Europhilia, performed well in the 2019 general elections amid a small uptick in support for Scottish independence. It won 48 out of Scotland's 59 seats, with 45 percent of the vote. "We've seen a modest, not dramatic, increase in support for independence" coming from people who voted Remain in the 2016 referendum, observed Nicola McEwen, a professor of politics at Edinburgh University.

The day after those Brexit-focused elections last December, Sturgeon asked for a second independence referendum, saying that the SNP landslide was a "strong endorsement" of "not having to accept life as a nation outside the EU". Johnson's government rejected this request earlier this month.

'Scots have always had to look outside'

For one prominent supporter of Scottish independence in the 2014 referendum - which the unionist side won with 55 percent of the vote - Brexit is one of several factors showing that Scotland and England now have "two different political cultures". Sir Tom Devine, widely regarded as the pre-eminent living historian of Scotland, said that the two nations' divergent attitudes to Europe over recent years can be attributed to Scots' outward-looking nature as a nation of emigrants, going back centuries. "Scotland has never suffered over the past twenty to thirty years the kind of inward-looking form of nationalism that England has," he said.

Starting from around "the twelfth- and thirteen centuries up until the census of 2001, Scotland has experienced - sometimes really in vast numbers - net emigration", Devine continued. "Because of that, you could argue that Scots have always had to look outside."

One Scot living in England offered a similar explanation for a divide between the two nations over Brexit, arguing that it is a product of Scotland's greater ease with its own sense of national character. A "perception of a lack of national identity, or a threat to the national identity and culture" was a key factor behind Brexit, argued Tauhid Ali, a scientist from the village of Dalmellington in western Scotland, who has lived in southern England for over two decades, and who opposed both Brexit and Scottish independence.

"I think this is less of an issue for Scots," he continued. "Obviously my name is not Scottish, but my father immigrated to Scotland in the early 1960s and I feel very Scottish - I am Scottish, and then British - whereas I think in England they've always struggled with the question of what it means to be English."

A 'Scottish persecution complex'

Others argued that the differences between the two nations are exaggerated - and that any Scottish sense of injustice over Brexit would not justify leaving the UK. "I don't think Scotland was ignored over Brexit; I think there's a Scottish persecution complex, and it raises its head now and again - it's always been there, especially about the English," said Charles Simpson, a Scottish artist living in Selkirkshire, who is in favour of Brexit.

"I understand the grievance that Scotland feels, voting mostly Remain, but I don't think that's cause for them to break away from the union," said a Londoner living in Edinburgh as a student at the city's university. "I think at this point any more divisiveness is not beneficial to anyone."

"Thinking that Scottish nationalism is bound up with Brexit would be wrong," said David Spawforth, a former headteacher at an Edinburgh school, now also living in Selkirkshire, who voted Remain in the 2016 independence referendum. "The SNP was founded in the 1930s, and it has always been a nationalist party, and now Brexit has given them an excuse."

Brexit certainly hasn't driven away Scottish unionism, the British aspect of the national character embodied by Edinburgh's New Town. Most polls continue to suggest that Scots would reject independence in a second referendum - one survey in early December by researchers YouGov and The Times even pointed to a 10-point lead for the unionist side.

However, Brexit makes life a lot harder for Scottish unionists, especially those who voted Remain, Massie argued. In a nation where the Brexiteer Tories are the only strong opposition to the SNP. "If you want to say no to Brexit and no to Scottish independence, what are you actually saying yes to?"

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'Two different political cultures': A divided Scotland braces for Brexit

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Despite a majority of Scottish voters rejecting Brexit in the 2016 referendum, Scotland leaves the EU along with the rest of the UK on January 31. For some Scots, this shows that their nation is being...

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Document « factuel » qui apporte des informations et pose un contexte à la situation post-Brexit

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Document « factuel » qui apporte des informations et pose un contexte à la situation post-Brexit

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Find out who is Alyn Smith then watch the video

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How is Brexit reopening old wounds in Ireland?

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Le  Brexit. Il fait la lumière sur l’impact de ce dernier sur le statut de la frontière entre la République d’Irlande et l’Irlande du Nord. À la suite du vote de 2016, l’île est redevenue le théâtre de possibles changements radicaux qui risquent de bouleverser la géographie locale et la diplomatie à l’échelle du continent, cristallisant à elle seule les angoisses des uns, les espérances des autres, et l’incertitude de tous dans les années suivant le Brexit. Il s’agit bien là d’un environnement en mutation constante. La problématique soulevée par l’unité, How is Brexit reopening old wounds in Ireland?, se focalise sur les appréhensions liées à des traumatismes nationaux, et explique le potentiel disruptif du Brexit dans un contexte de tension latente

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Look at the vocab, learn it, look for pronunciation then in your answers use it.

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La réalité diplomatique, économique et géographique qui constitue la spécificité de la frontière irlandaise dans le cadre des négociations entre l’Europe et le Royaume-Uni faisant suite au Brexit.
listen to the audio+ read the text and infographic, answer the questions, summarize everything

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Listen to the audio , note down what it is about

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Brexit explained: what happens when the UK leaves the EU?

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1. Identify  each territory's goals and the solutions to achieve them with succes

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Inuit in sub-arctic Quebec want to implement a system of self-government | APTN News

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Corrigé 1. Read from line 1 to 13, look at the map and identify the reason of the conflict in Cameroon and its consequences. Language = conflict between French speakers and English speakers. The majority of Cameroonians (80%) speak French and the rest speak English/ consequence of this “linguistic split” → 500, 000 people displaced/ hundreds were killed. And Anglophones want to have their own country within the borders of Cameroon: Ambazonia. 2. Explain what happened when Cameroonian soldiers arrived in English-speaking villages. List the consequences and the governmental reaction. Cameroonian soldiers (French speakers) open fire killing unarmed English-speaking civilians → feeling of resentment of moderate Anglophone → now offer their support to the separatists. (example of Daniel). However, the Cameroonian government denies the allegation against its army and says that they are only fighting against separatists. There is a surge of violence of both parts. 3. Read from line 23 to the end of the article. Say why this conflict has an international dimension and why it is linked to identity. Conflict based on languages, but it has an international impact. US administration and Cameroonian government work together because this conflict is galvanised by terrorist group Boko Haram, a jihadist terrorist organisation, that may take advantage of this conflict to disturb the region to recruit within the separatists. Anglophones see an opportunity to claim their identity and want independence from Francophone Cameroon. 4. One of your classmates couldn’t attend the class, write him/her a short summary of what you understood about the conflict in Cameroon. Include the notions of identity and independence. Accepter toutes réponses cohérentes

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2. Identify each territory’s goals and the solutions to achieve them with success. Referendum in Australia, probably next year. They want full independence from the UK. Negotiations with Quebec government in Canada. They want more devolution from Quebec/federal government of Canada (note: which is a kind of paradox as Quebec has already had two referendums pursuing a path toward sovereignty from the federal government of Canada. - 1980 YES: 40% NO: 60% - 1995 YES: 49,4% NO: 50,6%). The Inuit want to implement laws that affect them directly on social and societal issues (e.g. mental health). 3. You attend the Self-Determination Day conference on March 23rd. To make sure you know about the subject, swap information on what you learnt with your classmate. Accepter toutes productions qui incluent les attentes des deux différents peuples qui caressent le même objectif.

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Corrigé 1. Read the Culture Tip and the article. Present the current status of the island. American citizens but they cannot vote for the presidential election, nor for representation in Congress (House of Representative or Senate). They have one “nonvoting commissioner”. Puerto Rico is a territory that was annexed by the US (after the Spanish-American War in 1898) but they are not a state yet = “perpetual colony” 2. Imagine why a majority of Puerto Ricans wants to keep the American citizenship and a strong link with the US. - to maintain the island’s permanent union with the US - to keep the American citizenship Puerto Ricans gained citizenship in 1917, which allowed them to migrate more easily to the US. The island is not as isolated economically because it is part of the USA. As citizens, they could find jobs in the US. 3. Grammar. Pick out a sentence containing an if-clause. What tense is used in the clause? (…) that percentage would almost certainly have been much higher if Congress had made clear before the vote that it stood ready and eager to welcome a state of Puerto Rico. The tense used in the if-clause is the pluperfect. 4. You meet a Puerto Rican friend. Discuss why statehood is important, why Puerto Ricans voted yes and give the American perspective. Toute production cohérente sera acceptée.

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Le  Brexit. Il fait la lumière sur l’impact de ce dernier sur le statut de la frontière entre la République d’Irlande et l’Irlande du Nord. À la suite du vote de 2016, l’île est redevenue le théâtre de possibles changements radicaux qui risquent de bouleverser la géographie locale et la diplomatie à l’échelle du continent, cristallisant à elle seule les angoisses des uns, les espérances des autres, et l’incertitude de tous dans les années suivant le Brexit. Il s’agit bien là d’un environnement en mutation constante. La problématique soulevée par l’unité, How is Brexit reopening old wounds in Ireland?, se focalise sur les appréhensions liées à des traumatismes nationaux, et explique le potentiel disruptif du Brexit dans un contexte de tension latente

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Say who Nicola Sturgeon is and identify what she and the SNP want. Nicola Sturgeon: First Minister of Scotland/ wants a second referendum on Scottish independence. She wants Scottish people to decide for their future especially with what happened with the Brexit and the EU. She wants people to take their future into their own hands, implicitly not to depend on the UK (= England) for their own policies. SNP is in favour of another referendum, so if the Scottish vote SNP at the next general elections and keep their majority in Scotland, she implies that the Scottish people want a new referendum. 2. Pay attention to what the hostess says and sum up the British Prime Minister’s answer to Nicola Sturgeon’s wish. Qualify her reply. According to Boris Johnson, there is no reason to go back on that: meaning there has already been a first referendum as Mrs Sturgeon explains in her answer. (Note: in 2014, 55.3% opposed the independence, 44.7% in favour.) She mocks him a little saying “his waffling” (bla-bla) and says that many things have changed since 2014. He’s going to “block the rate of the Scottish people to choose”; “He’s going to ignore…”. For her, it is not a sustainable position, it is even undemocratic. 3. Your history teacher asks you to explain Nicola Sturgeon’s arguments on a second referendum on Scottish independence to one of his/her classes. Accepter toutes productions qui contiennent les raisons évoquées par Nicola Sturgeon lors de son entretien