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A national federation of 20 different craft unions was created in 1886 called the American Federation of Labor (led by Samuel Gompers). It was focused almost solely on the economic gains of its members (issues that affected all workers) and didn't really stray into political issues. Even though it was a federation, it still excluded many factory workers and didn't represent enough. As a result, as AMerica became more and more industrialized, the majority of workers didn't have access to support, protection from ownership, and upward mobility.

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The Knights of Labor was a labor organization (leader Terence V. Powderly in 1879) that came to be in the wake of the Panic of 1873. It grew from a small presence to a big American organization. Their reform platform consisted of equal pay for all genders, an 8 hour workday, the riddance of conviction labor, and the creation of greater cooperative enterprises with worker ownership of businesses. It was not limited to particular groups, and welcomed different genders, races, and skill levels. However, the Haymarket Affair was blamed on KOL, and their reputation greatly suffered. Though KOL had brief success, they introduced the model of industrial unionism (welcoming workers from all trades).

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Fredrick Winslow Taylor improved upon human productivity in America by introducing Taylorism, or scientific management. The idea is that management decides the work routine, and the workers follow the tasks. It wasn't popular among workers who valued personal autonomy because it placed emphasis on the reliance of experts, science, and the use of efficiency. As a result, many workers went on strike; however, the general outcome was that workers became more efficient and, in turn, allowed companies to charge customers less money.

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Taylor's Scientific Management Theory - Simplest explanation Ever

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The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis and economic recession that ran from 1873 to 1877 in America. It was caused by over speculation on railroads and the closing of banks. In turn, it triggered the Great Depression. In turn, the unemployment, business failures, and debt increased racial and class tensions. People placed more pressure on the government to change things.

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After the big business rise, Americans became desperate for leisure and time-saving commodities, which is New Consumer Culture in America. A greater variety of products that costed less became available, and businesses had to greatly increase their competition for customers. Advertising became important in the way businesses catered to people. The slow emergence of the middle class gave people more opportunity to participate in Consumer Culture. Finally, people could buy without ready cash, and many went into debt. Even today, people are led by American consumerism and can be put into debt.

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The Working Class came to be after the Industrial Revolution. This new class of wage workers made their own neighborhoods and culture. Though there was labor reform that helped the Working Class, the reforms helped the middle and elite classes much more, and the Working Class remained living precariously. However, this class still had a big impact on society; they had a culture of escaping from the horrible conditions of factory work, and turned often to drinking. Taverns became very popular.