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1. Oil started out as a microscopic plant/animal as time goes by they store energy from the sun in their bodies

2. As plants/animals become deeper with the effect of heat and pressure determines if it is a oil or natural gas.

3. Oil/Natural gas tends to migrate through tiny pores in rocks or some go alway through until they escaped.

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Before starting the process to extraction the oil from the ground, they clear the land.

Which means animal life, vehicular and pedestrian traffic.

The drilling will begin when the flow of oil is found

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1. Find exact location

2. Then a perforating gun is lowered into the well (a perforating gun is where it has explosive charges that helps the flow of oil

3. Tube is ran down the hole to allow the oil to run up

4. Final to seal the tubing a pacer is ran down the outside of the tube.

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Scientist have invented a sponge that can soak oil over 90 times its weight, the oil can be recovered and used again! By being squeezed out the sponge can be reused and used again.

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When the Deepwater Horizon drilling pipe blew out seven years ago, beginning the worst oil spill in U.S. history, those in charge of the recovery discovered a new wrinkle: The millions of gallons of oil bubbling from the sea floor weren't all collecting on the surface, where it could be skimmed or burned. Some of it was forming a plume and drifting through the water under the surface.

Now scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have invented a new foam, called Oleo Sponge, that addresses this problem. The material not only easily absorbs oil from water, but is also reusable and can pull dispersed oil from the entire water column-not just the surface.

"The Oleo Sponge offers a set of possibilities that, as far as we know, are unprecedented," said co-inventor Seth Darling, a scientist with Argonne's Center for Nanoscale Materials and a fellow of the University of Chicago's Institute for Molecular Engineering. "We already have a library of molecules that can grab oil, but the problem is how to get them into a useful structure and bind them there permanently."

The scientists started out with common polyurethane foam, used in everything from furniture cushions to home insulation. This foam has lots of nooks and crannies, like an English muffin, which could provide ample surface area to grab oil; but they needed to give the foam a new surface chemistry in order to firmly attach the oil-loving molecules.

Previously, Darling and fellow Argonne chemist Jeff Elam had developed a technique called sequential infiltration synthesis, or SIS, which can be used to infuse hard metal oxide atoms within complicated nanostructures.

After some trial and error, they found a way to adapt the technique to grow an extremely thin layer of metal oxide "primer" near the foam's interior surfaces. This serves as the perfect glue for attaching the oil-loving molecules, which are deposited in a second step; they hold onto the metal oxide layer with one end and reach out to grab oil molecules with the other.

The result is Oleo Sponge, a block of foam that easily adsorbs oil from the water. The material, which looks a bit like an outdoor seat cushion, can be wrung out to be reused-and the oil itself recovered.

Flexible technique easily adaptable

At tests at a giant seawater tank in New Jersey called Ohmsett, the National Oil Spill Response Research & Renewable Energy Test Facility, the Oleo Sponge successfully collected diesel and crude oil from both below and on the water surface.

"The material is extremely sturdy. We've run dozens to hundreds of tests, wringing it out each time, and we have yet to see it break down at all," Darling said.

Oleo Sponge could potentially also be used routinely to clean harbors and ports, where diesel and oil tend to accumulate from ship traffic, said John Harvey, a business development executive with Argonne's Technology Development and Commercialization division.

Elam, Darling and the rest of the team are continuing to develop the technology.

"The technique offers enormous flexibility, and can be adapted to other types of cleanup besides oil in seawater. You could attach a different molecule to grab any specific substance you need," Elam said.

The team is actively looking to commercialize the material, Harvey said. Those interested in licensing the technology or collaborating with the laboratory on further development may contact partners@anl.gov.

Argonne scientists Anil Mane, Joseph Libera and postdoctoral researcher Edward Barry also contributed to the development of the Oleo Sponge. Preliminary results were published in a study in the Journal of Materials Chemistry A.
-Note: Article first appeared on the Argonne National Laboratory website.

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Argonne invents reusable sponge that soaks up oil, could revolutionize spill cleanup

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When the Deepwater Horizon drilling pipe blew out seven years ago, beginning the worst oil spill in U.S. history, those in charge of the recovery discovered a new wrinkle: The millions of gallons of oil bubbling from the sea floor weren't all collecting on the surface, where it could be skimmed or burned.

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2015 we use about six million barrels of oil and liquid fuels per day. Which makes it out to be thirty five billion barrels a year.

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During the first 24 hours of oil spills the fumes are the most harmful causing respiratory problems .

When fuel/oil is burned it goes into our ozone layer.

When you run your car carbon dioxide comes out, and causes a greenhouse effect.

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We use oil for a lot 50% on gasoline, 40% on diesel,heating oil, jet fuel, kerosene, and the last 10% is used for residual fuel oil.

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This wallpaper has been tagged with the following keywords: 22623-stanceworks-bmw-cars-in-a-gas-station-1920x1, 1920x1200, 610167.

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In reality, oil spills have no positive effect on anything. Although, oil companies argue that it has a positive effect because clean up gives people jobs. Even if we totally get the oil companies shut down, unfortunately, oil will still be on our planet. We use oil for things like cosmetics, foods, and all plastics.

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The united states has been using the most oil here lately, we consumed 18.5 million barrels in one day in 2012. That is 20% of the total oil usage in one day.

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All animals are affected in some way when there is a oil spill. Mostly sea birds, dolphins, and sea otters are most damaged, because they need to come up for air.