# data[].attributes.body
- Espouses a point of view
- Words associated with ideas and values
- Clean coal debate = it's okay, because it's clean, it's good for the environment...

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- The truth will not set you free
- People think in frames and not facts
- Implementation gap: more education doesn't work for policy makers either
- Values and beliefs are stronger the scientific 'truth'

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- Role of science is advisory, 'professional consultancy', evidence rather than hard facts
- Applying science to the 'real world', show/articulate where the gaps in knowledge and understanding
- What about/what if?
- Help bridge the gap between science and policy

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Queensland Water Commission (QWC) which shows a dramatic water consumption transformation in South East Queensland (SEQ) during the region’s severest drought period. QWC employed eight-month Target 140 campaign as a short term crisis intervention to achieve the goal that 140 l/person/day. As a result, the Target 140 campaign achieved immediate reduction in residential water use and most importantly, a long term attitudinal change is obtained.The main components of change strategy are attitudinal marketing strategies to convince the public that largest water use is from residential use and motivate them to make behavioral change; clear information on water saving and feedback provision to show residents about their efforts against the 140 target and encourage them to try even harder. These strategies work with a psychological theory, Protection Motivation Theory, helps to conceptualize an individual’s response to a fear appeal. The fear motivates individual to undertake water saving actions.

# data[].attributes.subject
Queensland Water Commission (QWC) which shows a dramatic water consumption transformation in South East Queensland (SEQ) during the region’s severest drought period. QWC employed eight-month Target 140 campaign as a short term crisis intervention to achieve the goal that 140 l/person/day. As a result, the Target 140 campaign achieved immediate reduction in residential water use and most importantly, a long term attitudinal change is obtained.The main components of change strategy are attitudinal marketing strategies to convince the public that largest water use is from residential use and motivate them to make behavioral change; clear information on water saving and feedback provision to show residents about their efforts against the 140 target and encourage them to try even harder. These strategies work with a psychological theory, Protection Motivation Theory, helps to conceptualize an individual’s response to a fear appeal. The fear motivates individual to undertake water saving actions.

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- bottom up approach would mean that the policy makers understand the issues and challenges faces by communities at a local level and in more detail in order to create better policy that is targeted and relevant

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inefficient decision making as holistic stakeholder engagement can cause conflict.  takes time and resources.

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- needs a reviewing system every 6 months for example
- the civil society needs to be 100% accountable for their policy changes
- the policy needs to be flexible in case the policy isn't working

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more stakeholder engagement leads to better outcomes

you can incorporate people but you might not listen to their views

values of the people are realised could lead to better outcomes

lobbying for policy would lead to unfair post normal science for policy decisions

Money rules the world!!!

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Internal institution, formed by consumers
Successful- large group of ppl, influential, ongoing, raise the public awareness, bottom-up led, encourage the change at company level as well.

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Yes:
- When persuading fence-sitters
- Well, what's the alternative?? Discussions and debates involve some kind of 'education' anyways, could be forceful feeding of information/ perspective, but it's still education
- Depends on target audience
- Not so much on 'what' education is delivered, rather on 'how' it is delivered, and 'who' starts and delivers it: FRAMING, TONE and such.

No:
- Environmental issues especially are time sensitive, bureaucracy hinders efficiency
- More info not necessarily helpful, especially where irrelevant information might be involved; be strategic in information delivery

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- It's about how you carry out the education (lifestyle), not just more education
- Values and belief biases outweigh education

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Makes people think more locally and source foodstuffs (e.g. vegetables, herbs) from local places (less impact)

Strategies:
Good communication - lots of encouragement.

Incentives (providing free brunch) to people who work in the garden.

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- The 'Stop Adani' campaign
Online presence, Scale
(Global support, but less so local support...) Mindful consumption awareness, Diverse communication strategy

- Fyshwick incinerator (counter example)

- La Via Campesina

- TerraCycle: http://www.terracycle.com.au/en-AU/about-terracycle?utm_campaign=admittance&utm_medium=menu&utm_source=www.terracycle.com.au

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Words either reassure, threaten or challenge the values underlying the  perspective people holds on a particular issue

.

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Accountability and flexibility are both required in areas of social change.  It is important that there is someone that can be accountable for any change in policy by civil society (due to the nature of policy being about behavioural change and therefore impacting people on a personal level).

However, this need to have a strict and clear line of accountability limits the possible flexibility of a social change undertaken in civil  society. This is because of the need to meet specific requirements and what people are willing to be accountable for (limited by apprehension regarding unforeseen consequences). It is also difficult sometimes to determine how you could even hold people accountable for some issues.

Therefore, it is important to have some sort of balance between the two. A line of accountability needs to be maintained but in light of complex problems in adaptive systems flexibility is imperative.

Currently, it seems that the balance between flexibility and accountability is more towards accountability. This may need to be minimised or reformed. As in instances where accountability cannot be determined policy (which can be informal (e.g. industry) or formal but sparked by community groups) often fails to be implemented.
However, inflexible policy mechanisms/instruments often fail in practice.

Balance could be achieved through active and frequent monitoring, evaluation and adaptation of any sort of social change movement. This would require resources.

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Science should be presented as evidence rather than fact. To ensure quality within science. It is one negotiation tool within policy. There is a need for extended peer engagement and open public dialogue.

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Flexibility?: Adapting the social campaign to current societal needs/interests

Accountability?: Finances, resources expenditure, promises, can be brought to court, periodic elections, public scrutiny, reports reports reports, reputation, media,

Charities? More formal lobby groups rather than civil society groups?

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New science focus concerns sustainability and solutions. Communities/Stakeholders hold differing values. Negotiation can result in conflict and generate learning opportunities and innovative solutions.

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Example: Refugees as 'boat people', a reference to their plight, a dehumanising terminology; alternatively, an attempt to humanise these displaced people and highlight their unfortunate situation with 'boat', calling for urgent attention to relocate them to solid ground

What about climate refugees? 'Refugees' has been politicised, 'asylum seeker' too, displaced communities by climate change thus stigmatised. 'Boat people' bad put politically efficient and effective? 'Refugees' more human, dignified, good because institutions already in place to respond to them?

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words used as frame could affect how we perceive things and how people react to it;
"power"; "marginalization" could be reflected on the language used

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issue of 'urgency'
more education is not always the answer; but also more how education could be use
how knowledge is utilized

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Post-normal science - uncertainty, risk, dynamic and complex change
role of scientist: advisory; provide evidence rather than fact; need to engage with policy and public

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Summary: scale, recognition of the public that they could make a difference; good communication; incentives

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Summary: scale, recognition of the public that they could make a difference; good communication; incentives

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Summary: both are important, formal policy accountability is crucial; in complex adaptive systems, flexible policy needed; balance between flexibility and accountability through monitoring; both formal and informal group work together 

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Summary: both are important, formal policy accountability is crucial; in complex adaptive systems, flexible policy needed; balance between flexibility and accountability through monitoring; both formal and informal group work together 