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Here is a complete list for how to cite sources. Most of these guides present citation guidance and examples in MLA, APA, and Chicago.

If you're looking for general information on MLA or APA citations, the EasyBib Writing Center was designed for you! It has articles on what's needed in an MLA in-text citation, how to format an APA paper, what an MLA annotated bibliography is, making an MLA works cited page, and much more!

MLA Format Citation Examples

The Modern Language Association created the MLA Style, currently in its 8th edition, to provide researchers with guidelines for writing and documenting scholarly borrowings. Most often used in the humanities, MLA style (or MLA format) has been adopted and used by numerous other disciplines, in multiple parts of the world.

MLA provides standard rules to follow so that most research papers are formatted in a similar manner. This makes it easier for readers to comprehend the information. The MLA in-text citation guidelines, MLA works cited standards, and MLA annotated bibliography instructions provide scholars with the information they need to properly cite sources in their research papers, articles, and assignments.

Examples

APA Format Citation Examples

The American Psychological Association created the APA citation style in 1929 as a way to help psychologists, anthropologists, and even business managers establish one common way to cite sources and present content.

APA is used when citing sources for academic articles such as journals, and is intended to help readers better comprehend content, and to avoid language bias wherever possible. The APA style (or APA format) is now in its 7th edition, and provides citation style guides for virtually any type of resource.

Examples

Chicago Style Citation Examples

The Chicago/Turabian style of citing sources is generally used when citing sources for humanities papers, and is best known for its requirement that writers place bibliographic citations at the bottom of a page or at the end of a paper.

The Turabian and Chicago citation styles are almost identical, but the Turabian style is geared towards student published papers such as theses and dissertations, while the Chicago style provides guidelines for all types of publications. This is why you'll commonly see Chicago style and Turabian style presented together. The Chicago Manual of Style is currently in its 17th edition, and Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is in its 8th edition.

Examples

Citing Specific Sources or Events

Additional FAQs

6 Interesting Citation Facts

The world of citations may seem cut and dry, but there's more to them than just specific capitalization rules, MLA in-text citations, and other formatting specifications. Citations have been helping researches document their sources for hundreds of years, and are a great way to learn more about a particular subject area.

Ever wonder what sets all the different styles apart, or how they came to be in the first place? Read on for some interesting facts about citations!

1. There are Over 7,000 Different Citation Styles

You may be familiar with MLA and APA citation styles, but there are actually thousands of citation styles used for all different academic disciplines all across the world. Deciding which one to use can be difficult, so be sure to ask you instructor which one you should be using for your next paper.

2. Some Citation Styles are Named After People

While a majority of citation styles are named for the specific organizations that publish them (i.e. APA is published by the American Psychological Association, and MLA format is named for the Modern Language Association), some are actually named after individuals. The most well-known example of this is perhaps Turabian style, named for Kate L. Turabian, an American educator and writer. She developed this style as a condensed version of the Chicago Manual of Style in order to present a more concise set of rules to students.

3. There are Some Really Specific and Uniquely Named Citation Styles

How specific can citation styles get? The answer is very. For example, the "Flavour and Fragrance Journal" style is based on a bimonthly, peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1985 by John Wiley & Sons. It publishes original research articles, reviews and special reports on all aspects of flavor and fragrance. Another example is "Nordic Pulp and Paper Research," a style used by an international scientific magazine covering science and technology for the areas of wood or bio-mass constituents.

4. More citations were created on EasyBib.com in the first quarter of 2018 than there are people in California.

The US Census Bureau estimates that approximately 39.5 million people live in the state of California. Meanwhile, about 43 million citations were made on EasyBib from January to March of this year. That's a lot of citations.

5. "Citations" is a Word With a Long History

The word "citations" can be traced back literally thousands of years to the Latin word "citare" meaning "to summon, urge, call; put in sudden motion, call forward; rouse, excite." The word then took on its more modern meaning and relevance to writing papers in the 1600s, where it became known as the "act of citing or quoting a passage from a book, etc."

6. Citation Styles are Always Changing

The concept of citations always stays the same. It is a means of preventing plagiarism and demonstrating where you relied on outside sources. The specific style rules, however, can and do change regularly. For example, so far in 2018 alone, 46 new citation styles have been introduced, and 106 updates have been made to exiting styles. At EasyBib, we are always on the lookout for ways to improve our styles and opportunities to add new ones to our list.

Why Citations Matter

Here are the ways accurate citations can help your students achieve academic success, and how you can answer the dreaded question, "why should I cite my sources?"

They Give Credit to the Right People

Citing their sources makes sure that the reader can differentiate the student's original thoughts from those of other researchers. Not only does this make sure that the sources they use receive proper credit for their work, it ensures that the student receives deserved recognition for their unique contributions to the topic. Whether the student is citing in MLA format, APA format, or any other style, citations serve as a natural way to place a student's work in the broader context of the subject area, and serve as an easy way to gauge their commitment to the project.

They Provide Hard Evidence of Ideas

Having many citations from a wide variety of sources related to their idea means that the student is working on a well-researched and respected subject. Citing sources that back up their claim creates room for fact-checking and further research. And, if they can cite a few sources that have the converse opinion or idea, and then demonstrate to the reader why they believe that that viewpoint is wrong by again citing credible sources, the student is well on their way to winning over the reader and cementing their point of view.

They Promote Originality and Prevent Plagiarism

The point of research projects is not to regurgitate information that can already be found elsewhere. We have Google for that! What the student's project aim to do is promote an original idea or a spin on an existing idea, and use reliable sources to promote that idea. Copying or directly referencing a source without proper citation can lead to not only a poor grade, but accusations of academic dishonesty. By citing their sources regularly and accurately, students can easily avoid the trap of plagiarism, and promote further research on their topic.

They Create Better Researchers

By researching sources to back up and promote their ideas, students are becoming better researchers without even knowing it! Each time a new source is read or researched, the student is becoming more engaged with the project and is developing a deeper understanding of the subject area. Proper citations demonstrate a breadth of the student's reading and dedication to the project itself. By creating citations, students are compelled to make connections between their sources and discern research patterns. Each time they complete this process, they are helping themselves become better researchers and writers overall.

When is the Right Time to Start Making Citations?

Make In-text/Parenthetical Citations as You Need Them

As you are writing your paper, be sure to include references within the text that correspond with references in a works cited or bibliography. These are usually called in-text citations or parenthetical citations in MLA and APA formats. The most effective time to complete these is directly after you have made your reference to another source. For instance, after writing the line from Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times...," you would include a citation like this (depending on your chosen citation style):

This signals to the reader that you have referenced an outside source. What's great about this system is that the in-text citations serve as a natural list for all of the citations you have made in your paper, which will make completing the works cited page a whole lot easier. After you are done writing, all that will be left for you to do is scan your paper for these references, and then build a works cited page that includes a citation for each one.

Need help creating an MLA works cited page? Try the MLA format generator on EasyBib.com!

2. Understand the General Formatting Rules of Your Citation Style Before You Start Writing

While reading up on paper formatting may not sound exciting, being aware of how your paper should look early on in the paper writing process is super important. Citation styles can dictate more than just the appearance of the citations themselves, but rather can impact the layout of your paper as a whole, with specific guidelines concerning margin width, title treatment, and even font size and spacing. Knowing how to organize your paper before you start writing will ensure that you do not receive a low grade for something as trivial as forgetting a hanging indent.

Don't know where to start? Here's a formatting guide on APA format.

3. Double-check All of Your Outside Sources for Relevance and Trustworthiness First

Collecting outside sources that support your research and specific topic is a critical step in writing an effective paper. But before you run to the library and grab the first 20 books you can lay your hands on, keep in mind that selecting a source to include in your paper should not be taken lightly. Before you proceed with using it to backup your ideas, run a quick Internet search for it and see if other scholars in your field have written about it as well. Check to see if there are book reviews about it or peer accolades. If you spot something that seems off to you, you may want to consider leaving it out of your work. Doing this before your start making citations can save you a ton of time in the long run.

Finished with your paper? It may be time to run it through a grammar and plagiarism checker, like the one offered by EasyBib Plus. If you're just looking to brush up on the basics, our grammar guides are ready anytime you are.

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Here is a complete list for how to cite sources. Most of these guides present citation guidance and examples in MLA, APA, and Chicago. If you're looking for general information on MLA or APA citations, the EasyBib Writing Center was designed for you!

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3/12 PARCC PREP: CONNOTATION AND DENOTATION

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3/12 PARCC PREP: CONNOTATION AND DENOTATION

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3/5 PARCC PREP: CONTEXT CLUES TO HELP WITH VOCABULARY

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3/5 PARCC PREP: CONTEXT CLUES TO HELP WITH VOCABULARY

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Review the different parts of the PARCC exam, what it will require and what you are being tested for in English Language Arts.

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2/8 POEM: "KNOCK, KNOCK" TO ANALYZE THEME

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2/8 POEM: "KNOCK, KNOCK" TO ANALYZE THEME

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2/6 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY DAY SIX: COUNTERCLAIM.

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2/6 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY DAY SIX: COUNTERCLAIM.

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Explanation of Counter Claims and rebuttals-- Created using PowToon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video.

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2/1 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY DAY FIVE: THESIS STATEMENT

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2/1 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY DAY FIVE: THESIS STATEMENT

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Writing a Persuasive or Argumentative Thesis (in response to a prompt)

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The single most important line in an essay is the thesis statement. It's a line found in an introduction, usually the last line thereof, which sets up the rest of the paper.

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1/30 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY DAY THREE: RHETORIC & ETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOS

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1/30 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY DAY THREE: RHETORIC & ETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOS

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How to make a claim in argument writing.-- Created using PowToon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/ . Make your own animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video.

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Editing your essay is the second to last step in the writing process. You have to read the work you have just written, not as if you wrote it, but as if you were a reader. You are on a mission to find mistakes and correct them. Revising makes a writing better, but EDITING makes it correct!
The checklist below is something you should use when writing extended essays and use as best you can in timed situations.

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Please copy the guided questions in Cornell Notes form in your notebook.

1.   What is an argumentative essay?

2.   What are the two most important things you need your argument to be?

3.   What are the four parts of an argumentative essay?

4.   Define the following key terms:

Argumentation

Refutation
Proponent

Opponent

Counter Argument

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These are the notes from class today.

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Take notes on what the five steps are for the writing process

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Brief Introduction of the Writing Process: pre-writing, drafting, revising, editing and publishing.-- Created using PowToon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video.

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1/16 Revisions and the Writing Process: Using ARMS

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1/16 Revisions and the Writing Process: Using ARMS

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A ballad is a form of poetry that is often times set to music but most importantly, tells a story.
Who is the speaker in this poem?
What is he trying to say about the subject, the Buffalo Soldier?
What is the tone of the piece?
What is the overall message of the poem?

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All students have received this PowerPoint in the Office365 email accounts.
I am posting this, however as a second resource in case you cannot access your email.
Please note that you must download this Powerpoint onto your desktop. Save it as: OnlineCitation.

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12/14 ANALYZING FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN A POEM

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12/14 ANALYZING FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN A POEM

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"Base Stealer"

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Poised between going on and back, pulled
Both ways taut like a tightrope-walker,
Fingertips pointing the opposites,
Now bouncing tiptoe like a dropped ball
Or a kid skipping rope, come on, come on,
Running a scattering of steps sidewise,
How he teeters, skitters, tingles, teases,
Taunts them, hovers like an ecstatic bird,
He's only flirting, crowd him, crowd him,
Delicate, delicate, delicate, delicate-now!

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The Base Stealer Poem by Robert Francis - Poem Hunter

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Poised between going on and back, pulled Both ways taut like a tightrope-walker, Fingertips pointing the opposites, Now bouncing tiptoe like a dropped ball Or a kid skipping rope, come on, come on, Running a scattering of steps sidewise, How he teeters, skitters, tingles, teases, Taunts them, hovers like an ecstatic bird, He's only flirting, crowd him, crowd him, Delicate, delicate, delicate, delicate-now!

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5 Basics when you first read a poem and then 10 questions to help you achieve greater understanding.

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12/12 "MOTHER TO SON" by Langston Hughes. 

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12/12 "MOTHER TO SON" by Langston Hughes. 

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1. Is there rhyme?
2. Is there repetition?
3. Who is the speaker?
4. What is the message?

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Mother to Son by Langston Hughes | Poetry Foundation

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Powerpoint

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I am VERY excited to see what we can do this year! You will find this classroom very interactive and Padlet is one of the ways we will be communicating here and at home.
<3 Ms. Calzolari