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Further in these paragraphs, the author writes in a colloquial form of language when she explains how posting selfies on the internet can be dangerous because it makes it easier to be identified in public. When the author discloses that selfies cannot be protected, she informally states that this is “bad news for devotees of the duckface” (Murphy), in order to reiterate the sarcastic tone established in the beginning and further indicate her disagreement with selfie-taking (Murphy).

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Through Murphy's recognition of arguments refuting her evidence, she strengthens her own point of view. As she brings up the view point of some feeling that selfies provide an "authority and autonomy that [people] don't  have in other parts of [their lives]," Murphy addresses the possibility of the positive effects that selfies may have (Murphy). The rebuttal suggests that people are able to empower themselves through selfies because they finally have control in what people see about them. However, this claim contributes to the idea that people are actually giving power to the viewers, contrary to giving the selfie-taker power over their own pictures. Because "the viewer of the selfie is free to interpret the work not governed by the intent of the person who took it," the so-called artists of these selfies are at the mercy of viewers' opinions (Murphy). That statement respectfully deadens the thought that selfie-takers can control the way the world may see them and achieve confidence in themselves for people approving the front that they put up. Through the presentation of counterclaims, she does not just let the audience wonder whether or not there is a positive side to selfie-taking, but she presents it and shuts it down which makes her perspective seem like the most logical one.

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Throughout paragraphs thirteen to seventeen, Murphy is able to develop her claim surrounding the adverse effects that selfies on self esteem through the addition of  a rebuttal, counterclaim, and logical appeals. For example,  in the 13th paragraph, the author acknowledges that selfies can be beneficial for one’s self esteem, stating,“...selfies are a source of empowerment because they grant individuals a high degree of control over how they present themselves to the world”(Murphy). However, the author then refutes this particular counterclaim by referring to a study done by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive surgery,which states that there is a positive correlation between selfie-taking and the number of plastic surgeries performed. By refuting the presented counterclaim (and several other counterclaims within this section), Murphy’s claim surrounding selfie-taking and its detrimental effects appears more legitimate and it evokes conflicting emotions: a mixture of guilt and negative self reflection. This negativity corresponds to Murphy’s criticism of selfie-taking and ultimately advances her claim that selfie- taking doesn’t necessarily evoke positive self image or positivity in general.

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The author explains how the popular phrase "Pics or it didn't happen" makes people "document their actions even if doing so diminished their experience and engagement in the real world"( Murphy). This logical appeal helps connect to the selfie takers by giving a relatable, real life example that makes sense to them. By addressing the appeals, Murphy gets validity for the audience which can help them understand her argument.

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In the 13th paragraph, the author acknowledges that selfies can actually be considered beneficial for people’s self esteem, stating that “selfies are a source of empowerment because they grant individuals”(Murphy). To emphasize and strengthen her claim however, the author then refutes this statement by referencing a report done by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, that actually directly states that the increased use of selfies has increased the demand for plastic surgery by causing individuals to feel self conscious of their looks. By addressing an opposing viewpoint, the author builds credibility in her claim by refuting a common grievance.  Along with a rebuttal and counterclaim, Murphy also uses several logical appeals to the audience. The appeal that contributes most to her claim against selfies is in paragraph 16, when the author addresses the popular phrase,”Pics or it didn't happen" (Murphy). As the Author explains, “the phrase, selfie or it didn't happen... causes people to document their actions even if doing so diminishes their experience and engagement in the real world”(Murphy.

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The author then utilizes specific statistics and credible authorities in order to dispel the counter argument.  For example, Murphy points out that “rather than conferring power, selfies transfer control to viewers” (“What Selfie Sticks…”).  By acknowledging the counter claim and then providing a rebuttal, the author addresses the entirety of the audience, along with their opposing views.  The rebuttal also serves the author’s purpose of condemning the selfie, along with its abusers.

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The appeal that most contributes to her claim against selfies is in paragraph 16, when the author addresses the widely used phrase," pics or it didnt happen"(Murphy).When the author exlpains the phrase, "selfie or [it doesnt] exist it causes people to document their actions even if doing so diminishes their experience and engagement in the read world" (Murphy). By applying this logical appeal it causes the audience to realize the narcissistic decisions they make in their lives . The author appeals to the audience by supporting the claim and giving a real life example of the need to be approved by the audience.

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In the 13th paragraph, the author acknowledges that selfies can actually be considered beneficial for people's self-esteem since they are "a source of empowerment because they grant individuals a high degree of control over how they present themselves to the world" (Murphy). Reflecting on an opposing viewpoint strengthens the author's claim by projecting impartiality to the selfie-taking audience. However, the author then refutes this notion by referencing a report done by American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery that directly states that the increased use of selfies has increased the demand for plastic surgery by causing individuals to feel disappointed in the way they look (Murphy). Although Murphy presented evidence contrary to her claim, she succeeds it with a rebuttal that displays stronger evidence for her side of the argument which reinforces the idea that any temporary benefits to selfies are ultimately outweighed by the negative consequences of selfies in society.

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Murphy most effectively uses logical audience appeals by documenting a clear and concise defense, such as the words of Rameet Chawla, to defend her claim of selfie takers being narcissistic and self centered, as demonstrated by his statistics and past experiences. Because of Murphy's credible source and her utilization of specific facts, millennials are more inclined to believe her stance on selfie-takers' mental state, since her argument is less opinionated and has a defense based on fact.

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Throughout the 7-12 paragraph, the author describes the detrimental effects of selfies on self confidence and  the need to be validated through a rebuttal and counterclaim as well as several examples of logical appeals. In the 13th paragraph, the author acknowledges that selfies can actually be considered beneficial for people’s self esteem, stating that “...selfies are a source of empowerment because they grant individuals a high degree of control over how they present themselves to the world”(Murphy). To strengthen her claim however, the author then refutes this notion by referencing a report done by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, one that actually directly states that the increased use of selfies has increased the demand for plastic surgery by causing individuals to feel disappointed in the way they actually look. By addressing an opposing viewpoint, the author builds credibility (how) in her claim by refuting a legitimate concern against her argument, which then inspires more confidence in the reader and increases the chances of convincing the reader.

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When the author discloses that selfies cannot be protected, she informally states that this is “bad news for devotees of the duckface” in order to reiterate the sarcastic tone established in the beginning and further indicate her disagreement with selfie-taking (Murphy). Murphy uses these rhetorical devices to warn people about the negative consequences that occur from taking too many selfies. Audiences register the tone to consider selfie takers in the same way as Murphy.

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However, she refutes this and strengthens her claim by referencing the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery to explain how people want plastic surgery because they are unhappy with the way their selfies look and the way they actually look. By refuting the counter claim, the author enables the audience to gain trust and be convinced of the claim that taking selfies depletes self-confidence and contributes to narcissism.

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By using a colloquial form of speech to indicate how selfies endanger someone's security by saying that it is "bad news for the devotees of the duckface", she expresses her sarcasm and opinion of how she disagrees with selfie takers and selfie sticks which is familiar to her tone in the beginning.

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The author explains how the popular phrase "Pics or it didn't happen" causes people to "document their actions even if doing so diminishes their experience and engagement in the real world" (Murphy). This logical appeal hlps connect to the audience by giving a relatable, real life example

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As a recurring motif throughout the article, Murphy makes sarcastic remarks against the selfie takers as self proclaimed "Holly wood directors" in glamour with themselves. This contributes to the critical tone developed in paragraphs one through four. By acknowledging both sides of the equation, Murphy gains credibility with the audience, as she discusses numerous viewpoints for her rebuttal and pushes forth her claim that selfie takers are narcissistic. By juxtaposing the possible advantages of selfie sticks-communication and better self esteem- and her claim that selfie takers tend to be too absorbed, Murphy makes her argument shine brighter.

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Although Murphy appears to be applauding the possible benefits of selfies, as noted by supporters of selfie-taking, she uses these counterclaims in order to strengthen her rebuttal by proving the so-called benefits as detrimental and fraudulent with attacks of an abundance of factual evidence for each counterargument. This, in return, allows the author to validate her argument and claim to the readers, enforcing them to heed her words. For example, Murphy references that “with body-slimming, skin-smoothing, and age-defying filters and apps, people can make themselves look better than their true selves.” The author, however, then utilizes a credible source, such as The American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, in order to defy the benefit of selfie taking by incorporating data that "there was a marked increase in demand for cosmetic surgery." The counterargument and rebuttal combination thus enforces the authors claim that narcissistic features, which includes insecurity, engulfs avid selfie takers as they become obsessed with self gratification and appearance.

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In the 13th paragraph, the author acknowledges that selfies can actually be considered beneficial for people’s self-esteem, stating that “...selfies are a source of empowerment because they grant individuals a high degree of control over how they present themselves to the world.” To strengthen her claim however, the author then refutes this notion by referencing a report done by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, one that actually directly states that the increased use of selfies has increased the demand for plastic surgery by causing individuals to feel disappointed in the way they actually look. By addressing an opposing viewpoint, the author builds credibility in her claim by considering a variety of perspectives and demonstrating how her viewpoint overcomes the opposition when directly contested.

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The author helps to develop colloquialism as a rhetorical device when she states the popular phrase, "Pics or it didn't happen" (Murphy). The author explains that this phrase is the primary cause of people losing their experiences and engagements in the real world due to their need to document their lives as opposed to living in the moment. This appeal to the audience helps to support her claim by giving an example of the need to feel validated. Similarly, this quote provides a phrase that everyone in the audience has heard before, thus making Murphy seem more relatable to them and their generation.

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Murphy also uses several logical appeals to the audience to bolster her claim and communication of that claim to the audience. For example, when the author addresses the popular phrase, "Pics or it didn't happen", it shows how people feel the need to document their actions "even if doing so diminishes their experience and engagement in the real world"(Murphy). This logical appeal to the audience helps support the claim by giving a relatable, real life example that makes sense to the audience, which in turn causes the claim to be more convincing.

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However, Murphy then discusses how self-esteem has been affected and how people are becoming “disappointed comparing their selfies with the image they see in the mirror.” Murphy connects the mental drain of exaggerated selfie-taking and how it ends up diminishing the self- esteem of the ‘taker’ through the increase in demand for plastic surgery.

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Murphy most effectively uses logical audience appeals by documenting a clear and concise defense, such as the words of Rameet Chawla, to defend her claim of selfie takers being narcissistic and self centered