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~Motion Capture: recording any movement, human or animal, and transferring it digitally
~2004: The Polar Express was the first to use motion capture
~2009: Avatar reinvented 3D technology as the first movie that used performance to capture imagery to produce realistic 3D characters

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~computer-generated Imagery
~drawings are replaced with 3D modeling(virtual version of Stop Motion)
~1995: First animation using completely CGI was Toy Story, by Pixar

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~uses objects for animation
~moving objects slightly, then photograph
~movies like Nightmare Before Christmas were created using stop motion

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~as TV began to rise as a entertainment medium, studios created many cartoons for TV
~1960, the Flinstones was the first animated series on PrimeTime TV
~1961: Yogi Bear
~1964: The Pink Panther
~Mid 80's: Disney Channel and Nickalodeon
1987: The Simpsons
The longest running American Sitcom, animated program, and primetime TV series

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~defined by the rise of:
Walt Disney
Warner Bros.
MGM
Universal Studios
Fleischer

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~Skeleton Dance was the first cartoon of his series, Silly Symphonies
~1932, Flowers & Trees was the first cartoon released in 1932
~It won the first Academy Award presented to a cartoon
~1937, Disney released the first full length animated movie, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

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~1928, Disney created the first animated cartoon with sound called Steamboat Willie
~1929, he used an entire symphony orchestra for the background music to Skeleton Dance.

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~1919, Messmer created "Felix the Cat"
~Felix the Cat was a studio character
~Felix was considered the first animated movie star

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~1914, McCay brought "Gertie the Dinosaur" to life on film
~Gertie was the first animated cartoon character

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~created the first animated film in 1906
~created using a chalkboard: Humorous Phases of Funny Faces

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~Landmark Silent Movie(1903): The Great Train Robbery
~sound was added in 1920
~before each movie, theaters showed several cartoons, as well as news

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~Thomas Alva Edison
~The Kintograph is a motion picture camera
~Kintescope is a projector

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~Joseph Niepce
~animation is only possible because photography
~1885: George Eastman made transparent film
(1888-Kodak Camera)

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~Charles-Emile Reynaud
~improvement on zeotrope
~reflection with mirrors
~1889(created first projector)

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~no specific creator
~relies on persistence of vision
~book of drawings

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~Wiliam Horner
~also knowns as the "wheel of life"

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~Joeseph Plateau
~known as the spindle view

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~John Ayerton Paris
~means persistence of vision