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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Many countries are angry that land who was promised to them was not given and thus many nationalist movements like Pan-Arabism arise

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Belief that the Jewish people should have a state because they were a stateless nation

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Inspired by nationalism, it is the belief that all Arab countries should be allied because they share identity.

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Effect of Global Depression on Brazil?
The Great Depression in the US greatly affected Brazil because most of their money was generated from coffee exports. After this, their money decreased.

How do the steps that Vargas takes compare to those of other totalitarian rulers at the time?
Vargas decided to increase power for the central government by changing the constitution and establishing a dictatorship.

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Nationalists? Francisco Franco
Republicans/Loyalists? Juan Negrin, Francisco Largo Caballero

Some Historians argue that the Spanish Civil War is the actual beginning of WWII, to what extent do you agree or disagree and why?
I somewhat agree because the rise of Francisco Franco lead to the rise of fascism in Spain and later in other European countries. The fascist Spanish government joining forces with the fascist Italian government provided a blueprint for other European countries such as Germany to become major fascist forces

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Plans?
Stalin wanted to make the economy stronger by industrializing Russia. As a result, the government became more involved in the life of workers.

Targeting?
Stalin mostly targeted people who opposed his plans and it lead to the Great Purge of the Bolsheviks

Effects?
Russia became a dictatorship with a very large economy caused by industrialization.

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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What were they?
The plans were to create collectivizing agriculture in order to expand the economy.
What were the goals?
As Stalin opposed Lenin's NEP, he wanted to reverse those effects and also strived to industrialize Russia further.
What were the outcomes?
Russia generated more products because they had a bigger industry.

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Russia owes war debts to other countries after the war but the Bolsheviks refuse to pay them so Lenin establishes a new financial policy. This new economic policy was largely made in order to give money to the government and the market was controlled by the government.

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Since powers are getting self-determination but not allied colonies, many of the imperialized colonists become anti colonialist and it leads to rise in nationalism amongst colonists

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Colonies of allied powers felt betrayed that their sacrifices during the war were not acknowledged, and angered that they were not afforded the opportunity for self-determination that some European peoples were given

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Established after World War 1, this was to redistribute the German and Ottoman colonies.

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Ottoman territories and colonies do not get self-determination and are instead up for grabs for major powers

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Grievances?
- unequal wealth distribution
- economic exploitation
Plans?
- democracy and welfare
- United League sponsoring uprisings
Targeting?
- youth: formed the United League with students
Effects?
- collapse of the Chinese monarchy
- end of the Qing Dynasty
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sun-Yat-sen#ref6987

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Grievances?
- China's economic depression
- urban social stratification
Plans?
- Mao replaces successors
- rectify Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
- achieve policy changes that make systems less elitist
Targeting?
- targeted youth, organizing them into groups called Red Guards
Effects?
- political instability
- slower economic growth
- left a generation of people who had been taught to use physical violence forgoing an education
https://www.britannica.com/event/Cultural-Revolution/Rise-and-fall-of-Lin-Biao-1969-71

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Western powers refused China's claims at the Paris Peace Conference, favored Japan by allowing them to retain territories

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What is it?
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (GEACPS) is a concept developed in Japan that was spread to Japan-occupied Asian territories. It intended to be a group of Asian nations separate from Western powers and ruled by Japan.
What are the goals?
Its goals were to promote cultural and economic unity among Asian nations. Japan's goals specifically were to advance their own power and dominance within Asia. They sought to promote Japan as the most superior power.

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1. Effect of Global Depression on Japan?
Although the global depression affected Japan, it recovered quicker than most countries.
2. New Territories Seized?
Japan seized several of Germany's Pacific island colonies: the Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall islands.
3. Why did they leave the League of Nations?
Japan attacked Manchuria in the 'Mukden Incident.' This violated the League of Nations' agreement and Japan was told to return Manchuria to China. Japan did not want to do this and withdrew from the League.

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Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

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Areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were economically dependent on Imperial powers experience severe economic consequences

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What is it?- The new deal had been a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations. This had been made a law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. This took place in the United States between 1933-1939.
Relief? - The relief part of the new deal meant that the president tin power at the time wanted to help those in crisis immediately by creating jobs, bread lines, and welfare
Recovery? - The recovery part of The New Deal was targeted at fixing the economy and ending the great depression
Reform?- The reform part of the great deal was the presidents main objective of finding the sources of the Great Depression and then creating a plan so that history would not repeat .

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Starting with the US, countries begin passing tariffs intending to protect their domestic economies.
How does this help create a GLOBAL depression?
This leads to retaliation: when countries keep passing tariffs, other countries retaliate by also passing tariffs and raising prices, and raises the overall prices of everything.

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1. After a brief surge in the 20's people have over-invested in the stock market  --> Crash
2. Agricultural Overproduction --> low prices on goods --> farmers can't pay off debts
3. European debtors aren't paying

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France and Britain are counting on German reparations and Soviet debt repayments in order to pay their own debts, no money in = no money out

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Grievances?-  Italy faced unemployment, a decline in trade, rising taxes, a weak and divided government, and eventually got voted out of power by his own Grand Council and arrested upon leaving a meeting with the king
Plans? - Mussolini yearned to advance the economic effects of Italy. He planned to attack the power of the trade unions and control the workers. He wanted to create an all powerful fascist state. Overall he wanted to build  new Italian empire.
Targeting? - Mussolini first target was Abyssinia which is now modern-day Ethiopia. Later on Mussolini's biggest target was Yugoslavs especially the Serbs. Benito had considered that the Slavic race was inferior and barbaric. He saw the Yugoslavs as a threat to Italy and often viewed them as competitors.
Effects?- Mussolini was the founder of Fascism, the cause of the resurrection of Italy's economy , and he influenced Hitler causing his main basis for his mass genocide that resulted to millions of death throughout Europe.

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Grievances?
- harsh terms of Treaty of Versailles
- economic instability, inability to expand, etc. (all effects of the Treaty of Versailles)
Plans?
- establish a new racial order
- bring in more territories to the Reich
Targeting?
- Aryan youth (joined Hitler Youth)
- hatred towards: Jews, Roma people, black people, Slavic people, disabled people, gay people, political opponents
Effects?
- Holocaust (millions of deaths)
- WWII

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Germany doesn't have money to pay, so they just print more

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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After Germany accepts defeat, many are angry and this leads to the creation of the Weimar Republic

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Japan retains territories in Shandong that had been surrendered by Germany

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China supported the Allied Powers in the war

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forbade:
- an air force
- armored vehicles
- naval vessels
A demilitarized zone was established in the Rhineland

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Germany surrendered 10% of its prewar European territory and all of its overseas territory

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(none of the other Cental Powers exist anymore)

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In today's value, Germany had to pay $269 billion in reparations for the war

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The treaty of Versailles was the initial treaty assembled by the Paris Peace Conference that took place at the end of World War l . It had been signed on June 28, 1919 by the allied and associated powers by Germany in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles. The treaty permitted some German territories to neighboring countries and placed other German territories under international supervision. Germany suffered conferences such as being stripped of its overseas colonies, military capabilities critically restricted, and was required to pay for war reparations to the Allied countries.

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- France experienced devastation due to being a major front of the war
- Britain wants payback too

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- "Peace without Victory"
- Self-Determination for former Central Powers territories
- 14 Points & League of Nations

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Bolshevik Russia refused to pay their war debts to the Allied Powers  --> Allied Powers refuse to recognize the new Bolshevik government

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Italy switched alliances in 1917 with the promise of new territory if/when the Allied Powers won.

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The Paris Peace Conference had been a formal meeting that took place in 1919 to 1920 after the end of world War l to set the peace terms for the vanquished Central Powers. It was taken place at Versailles which had been just outside of Paris.