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- Mrs. Zhao Jia, wife of Zhao Yichén, lived to be 89 years old.
-She graduated from The Juilliard School with a Masters in Music Education, while her time there she played first chair in the orchestra.
-She taught at Hong Kong Suzuki Music Institute, she retired when she was 65 years old.
-When she retired her and her husband moved back to the United States, because her twin sister Mei was having health issues.
- She is survived by her husband Zhao Yichén (92), her two children Zhao Hàoyū (59) and Feng Mèngyáo (54), and her four grandchildren Zhao Jianyu (39), Zhao Ming Mei (32),  Feng Tao (30), and Feng Lai (28).

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- Jia's parents died in middle adulthood (54 & 56); she was in her late 20s when the accident occurred.
*Mom & dad died in a freak accident involving a logging truck.
*Jia grieved extensively for the first year after her parents passed away: process of grief.
(1) confront the loss
(2) experience & work through emotions
(3)detach physiologically
* During the funeral process, Asian customs are practiced for both parents.
-members younger than 80 are to wear white burial robes; anyone above 80 wears colorful clothing
-incense & candles are placed around the casket as well as flowers
-following the funeral it is common for Jia to honor her parents through ancestor worship

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018)

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Jia graduates from Juliard and for her graduation trip she goes back to her home country, Hong Kong. While there she learns more about her cultural roots.

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- Social relationships in a good daycare gives Jia the feeling of an secure attachment towards others.
- Enjoys activities, exploring which develops good social skills with others.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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- Attachment to the caregiver developed over time by constant reunions and good parenting style traits.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships

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Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships

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Jia's first emotions vary through interest towards music and sounds which brings her joy. Distress from loud, disturbing sounds brings fear.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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-Jia was put into the local Head Start program for better nutrition, health care, and both intellectual and social stimulation.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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- Considering Jia's father was darker in color, she looked more African-American than Asian.
*this caused her to have issues in connecting with people who identified as Asian.
-Jia is now 18 and in the Moratorium status of identity.
*experiencing an identity crisis
* questioning her beliefs
*experiencing romantic relationships & the conflicts that come with being involved with another person
*trying new things like alcohol

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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-Jia calls every woman she meets "mommy" whether she knew them or not.
-Jia only calls German Shepherds that look like their family pet "doggie" and doesn't associate other dogs with "doggie".

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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-Jia's language/communication development was not typical, resulting in a strain in relationship with her mother since she cannot understand what
Jia wants.

(Wong & Esposito, 2019).

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-Jia has a difficult temperament.
-It is difficult for her to make adjustments to changes considering how frequent they occur.
-she does not care for new people or unfamiliar situations
*as she grows she has difficulty in school, which results in temper tantrums.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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-Jia's self-esteem was low as a child.
-Her self-esteem began to increase when she entered her adolescent years.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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-Jia would be fed a variety of stuff to develop a more adventurous palette and was frequently fed sour or bitter tasting foods and drinks.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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- Jia's reflex activity develops slower which makes it harder for her to identify shapes and sizes of certain objects.
- ex: Jia's expression shows confusion towards daily objects such as a bottle and toys.
- The secondary circular reactions towards objects are greatly shown by her constant shaking of bottles and objects.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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-Jia was born with cataracts that were removed at 10 weeks of age.
-As an adult she has delayed visual task issues due to the effects early visual deprivation had on the brain.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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Simple problem solving improves throughout infancy, and infants realize that they can get adults to help them solve problems.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018)

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Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence 

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Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence 

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-Jia was gifted in performing arts.
-She had a special talent for playing the violin and piano.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018)

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-Jia recognizes her mother's voice minutes after birth but cannot recognize her father's until 4 months.
-Her mother played music for her while she was in the womb and she was able to recognize it after birth.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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-Jia struggled in the cognitive scale.
- ex: could not follow directions well & had trouble searching for a hidden object

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018)

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1 year olds can recall experiences for weeks and even months under certain conditions.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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-Jia's had difficulty reacting appropriately to her stress
-She was considered a "bad child"  in school

(Carroll, 2019).

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- Infant health has been dramatically improved in recent decades by admistering vaccinations aimed at protecting infants from a variety of diseases.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018)

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-The sucking & swallowing reflex is weakened due to having a premature birth.

-The grasping reflex is strong in premature infants.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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Between birth and 7 years of age, there is a tremendous amount of synaptogenesis.
-However, Jia’s synaptogenesis was not fully developed.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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Jia was born premature at 32 weeks and small at birth because of metal pollutants in the air, maternal stress, and the father's exposure to environmental toxins.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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Epigenetic Effects of Nurturing and Neglect 

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Epigenetic Effects of Nurturing and Neglect 

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Nurturing Vs. Neglect
-Her parents worked long hours which prevents any bonding
-The twins attend daycare

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018).

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Theory of Erik Erikson
-Trust vs Mistrust: The infant's trust towards her parents grows due to the responsive parenting. Overtime due to the parents excessive busy work schedule, leads the infant into mistrust by having a constant change of expressions.
-Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt: Jia learns after making mistakes which gives her the feeling of doubt and shame.
-Initiative vs Guilt: Jia does not understand right from wrong which makes her feel more impowered than others in what she does and believe.

(Sigelman & Rider, 2018)

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*Carroll, B. (2019). Understanding the needs of children who are known to have experienced neglect in the first years of life: The potential effects of early adversity on later self-regulation skills and school functioning. Psychology of Education Review, 43(2), 9–19.

*Sigelman, C.K., & Rider, E.A. (2018). Lifespan Human Development, (9th ed). Cengage.

*Wong, K. K.-Y., & Esposito, G. (2019). The Unexpected for the Expecting Parent: Effects of Disruptive Early Interactions on Mother-Infant Relationship. Parenting: Science & Practice, 19(1/2), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1556015

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We got infant- birth to 2 years
Jia Hayes is of Black and Asian ethnicity.
Jia has a twin sister named Mei Hayes.
They were born on May 8th, 2000 in Yuen Long, Hong Kong. They eventually moved to the United States, specifically San Diego, California in November 2001.
Her parents are both college educated, with her father being in the Navy and her mother being in the medical field. Jia's mother is from Hong Kong and she met Jia's father who is from the United States.