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Achieve Universal Primary Education (Peter Blazevic)

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Achieve Universal Primary Education (Peter Blazevic)

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The United Nations goal is to ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. Education is vital to meeting all other millennium development goals

I think this goal was definitely a stretch of a goal to achieve for the UN. Countries affected by conflict, children may have a tough time going to school due wars and other combat conflicts. According to the UN, In countries affected by conflict, the proportion of out-of-school children increased from 30 per cent in 1999 to 36 per cent in 2012. Also children living in developing regions of the world may have a tough time going to school due to lack of transportation and many other factors. According to the UN, in the developing regions, children in the poorest households are four times as likely to be out of school as those in the richest households. In conclusion, In 2015, 57 million children of primary school age were out of school.

The UN did not do enough over the last 20 years in this area because 57 million children of the primary school age were out of school. However, UNICEF is an organization that works to provide learning opportunities that prepare children and adolescents with the knowledge and skills they need to thrive. UNICEF believes that all children have the right to go to school and learn, regardless of who they are, where they live and how much money their family has.

https://www.unicef.org/education

In the United States there is non profit organization called Breakthrough Collaborative which works with highly motivated, traditionally underrepresented students to achieve post-secondary success and empowers aspiring leaders to become the next generation of educators and advocates

https://www.breakthroughcollaborative.org/

increasingly promote equity and inclusion. This includes making targeted efforts for children who are excluded on the basis of gender, disability, poverty, ethnicity and language, as well as those who are displaced or affected by emergencies.

Access: Gender-equitable access to quality education from early childhood to adolescence, including for children with disabilities, marginalized children and those living in humanitarian and emergency settings.

Learning and skills: Quality learning outcomes and skills development that come from strong education systems and innovative solutions.

Emergencies and fragile contexts: Improved learning and protection for children in emergencies and on the move.

Finding ways in making sure that every child has a way to complete a full course of primary school

https://www.unicef.org/education

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The 8th goal of the UN is Global Partnership For Development. This essentially means that the UN desires to even the playing field for developed and developing countries bringing to developed countries opportunity, healthcare, financial stability and structure. An example of this is Colombia a country which has long faced internal strife and suffrage of its people which, since the UNs step in, has seen a growth rate of about 7%, one of the highest in the world. I absolutely believe the UNs goal of global partnership for development is feasible because the results of it are already showing worldwide and they are glowing positive.

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Reduce Child Mortality - By Azreen Hussain

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Reduce Child Mortality - By Azreen Hussain

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The United Nations goal is to reduce child mortality rates by two thirds. The global under-five mortality rate decreased by more than half between 1990 and 2015, falling from 90 to 43 deaths per 1000 live births.

In the past, almost one third of the 49 least developed countries have succeeded in developing their under-five mortality rates by 40 percent or more. Despite the difficulties, many nations with very high rates of infant death in 1990 are beating the odds and reducing mortality rates below five, showing improvement is possible for all children. Therefore I think this goal is achievable. The causes of child deaths in many developing countries are related to malnutrition and the lack of access to adequate primary health care and facilities, such as water and sanitation. In 2008, pneumonia, measles, malaria and AIDS accounted for 43 per cent of all deaths among children under the age of five worldwide. More than a third of all infant deaths have been traced to undernutrition.

As of right now there is a lot being done to reduce child mortality rates by the UN. For example, the UN launched a global strategy for Women's and Children 's Health that was established in 2010, laying out main steps to strengthen women's and children's health globally, with the potential to save 16 million lives by 2015. Another example of what has worked is the promotion of breastfeeding in Cambodia to help the child build natural immunity at birth. In Cambodia, the child and under-five mortality rates both decreased by more than 70 percent between 2000 and 2014, while the maternal mortality rate decreased significantly from 472 per 100,000 live births to 170 deaths. There is still a lot that needs to be done, however this is progress.

A good first step to help would be to simply raise awareness about child mortality around the world. Another way to help is to just donate to organizations that want to save lives. https://www.unicef.ca/en/blog/tags/child-mortality

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I totally agree with you that the The United Nations goal is to reduce child mortality rates by two thirds. Some ways that child mortality rates can be reduced are

1. Immediate and exclusive breastfeeding.

2. Skilled attendants for antenatal, birth, and postnatal care.

3. Access to nutrition and micronutrients.

4. Family knowledge of danger signs in a child's health.

5. Improved access to water, sanitation, and hygiene.

6. Immunizations.

I  agree with you that this goal by the UN is definitely achievable. The world needs to come together and  take the right steps in order for child mortality rates to be reduced by two thirds.

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hey Cole
I agree with you that the UN's goal to even the playing field for developed and developing countries bringing to developed countries opportunity, healthcare, financial stability and structure is obtainable. Countries need to help each other in order to create a partnership to exchange products, resources, information, etc. if developed and developing countries can create partnerships/relationships then many nations would benefit from each other.

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Ensure Environmental Sustainability- By Fatima B. Habib

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Ensure Environmental Sustainability- By Fatima B. Habib

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Briefly summarize the goal set by the UN using no more than 2-3 sentences

The Un goals are to reverse the loss of environmental resources, reduce biodiversity loss, provide sustainable access to clean drinking water, improve the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers and break the silence of environmental consequences.

Do you think this was an achievable goal for the UN to set?

Yes, I do believe that these are achievable goals, especially because of the importance of the matter at hand. For example, more than 880 million people are estimated to be living in slums today, compared to 792 million in 2000 or the fact that between 1990 and 2012, global emissions of carbon dioxide increased by over 50 percent. Although there is already a lot of improvement made, for example, between 2000 and 2014, more than 320 million people living in slums gained access to improved water sources, improved sanitation facilities, or durable or less crowded housing, and the fact that Ozone-depleting substances have been virtually eliminated, and the ozone layer is expected to recover by the middle of this century. Therefore, it is clear to see that equal distribution and direct effort can make the SDGs achievable.

Do you think the countries of the world or the UN did enough over the last 20 years in this area?

There has been some significant improvement in the past years. Besides the points mentioned above, other achievements include world meeting the target of halving the proportion of people without access to improved sources of water, five years ahead of schedule, Between 1990 and 2015, 2.6 billion people gained access to improved drinking water sources and also worldwide, 2.1 billion people gained access to improved sanitation. Although there is always room for improvement as these goals are still yet to be fully completed.

Provide an example of a country where this goal is being implemented. Explain how.

Sweden is a good example as it has met many of the environmental goals listed as UN plans. It has also taken steps to provide access to clean water, provide sustainable housing, improve public transport systems.

Are there new targets that should be set?

Another target I feel as if should be added is further reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as have horrible environmental and health effects. In fact, 85% of air pollution is caused by energy-related fossil-fuel combustion.

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I agree that this is a very important goal for the United Nations to achieve.
Some of your solutions included  raising awareness and donating. Some other goals could include educating family members in signs of danger signs of a child's health, access to skilled medical workers and an improved access to water and hygiene.

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I agree with you for this goal to be a stretch as achieving universal primary education for kids from all over the world seems like a very bold goal to achieve. Some solutions to this might involve reducing the cost of education, improve resources or teachers and finding different ways to educate with things such as radio shows, or entertainment programs,

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Reduce Child Mortality (Jessica Kobayashi)

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Reduce Child Mortality (Jessica Kobayashi)

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The United Nations goal was to reduce the number of children under the age of 5 by two thirds between the year 1990 to 2015. They were quite successful, as the global under 5 mortality rate has decreased by more than half between those years, dropping down from 90 to 43 deaths per 1000 live births.
Globally, the number of under 5 deaths decreased drastically from being 12.7 million in 1990, to halving down to 6.3 million in 2013.
The UN has reached their initial goal, but there is more that can be done to further improve the issue.
1. Better immunizations and vaccines made available for less developed countries provided
2. Access to proper birthing, eg. midwifes, hospital access
3. Access to proper nutrition and clean water for development
I definitely think this goal can be even further reached. With all the new technology and medical advances, there is so much possible to be done to help improve the infant mortality rate. Yes, it has drastically lessened, but it is still too high.

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United Nations’ goal is to make sure that by 2015, children everywhere will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. Education is vital to meeting all other millennium development goals.

I think this was an achievable goal but would’ve been extremely difficult especially in countries affected by conflict because children will have a hard time going to school due to conflicts that may be happening in their area. Also, children living in developing regions of the world will face challenges like getting to school on time because they lack transportation which will make it difficult to go to school. According to the UN, children in the poorest households of developing regions are four times more likely to be out of school than those in the richest households. In conclusion, the Un did a pretty good job of getting an education to more children. Enrollment in primary schools increased from 83% in 2000 to 91% in 2015.

I think the UN did a lot to increase education as highlighted by the 8% increase in primary school enrollments from 2000 to 2015. However, I don’t think that was enough because as of 2015 there are still 57 million children out of school.

Breakthrough Collaborative, a non-profit organization in the United States is one organization trying to implement this goal. This organization works with highly motivated, underrepresented students to achieve post-secondary success. They also mobilize the talent of students from over 250 colleges and universities to meet the educational needs of motivated, underrepresented youth from coast to coast. Each year Breakthrough connects 10,000 students with 1,100 college-aged Teaching Fellows in 24 cities across the country.

https://www.breakthroughcollaborative.org/

I think a new target should be finding ways to make sure that every child has a way to complete a full course of primary school. They can start by making targeted efforts for children who are excluded on the basis of gender, disability, poverty, ethnicity, and language, as well as those who are displaced or affected by emergencies.

Access: Every child should have access to primary education despite any challenges they might face

Emergencies and fragile contexts: Improved learning and protection for children in emergencies like wars or government conflicts

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The goals set by the UN are simply to get more women in the workplace and parliament and to educate more women in primary and secondary school. I think this is an achievable goal for the UN to accomplish because they have been funding and supporting many women and girls throughout their studies which helps them receive a well-paying job. The biggest issue which the UN would face is families imposing their traditional views which prohibits the young girls to get an education. These UN goals have positively impacted countries like Nepal, where families are coming out of poverty with women in the workplace, which then allows for their children to be educated; it’s a cycle that needs to start somewhere. There’s also the example of Afghanistan, where the UN has fellowships for women to further advance their education which then allows them to get high jobs in the workplace. 
With the current COVID-19 restrictions, many families do not have the option to educate their children from home, so many are concerned for their child’s education because they haven’t been in school for nearly 7 months. There are also many concerns for how this pandemic will set back all the work which the UN has done, schooling may be more expensive since only a certain number of children can be in a classroom at a time, and many parents have lost their jobs. I think the UN should work towards making schools more affordable, ideally free, for young children and they should work towards opening up more schools in rural areas for families which live far away and have to walk. 
I think the UN has done a very good job of paving the way for women in the workplace and in educational settings, and they should continue setting new goals as the times change. I think that the next goal should be to put an end to child marriages because this is how traditional views impact a young girls education. Child marriages typically occur in developing countries, and it prohibits the young girl from finishing her education which makes her dependent on her husband for the rest of her life. By ending child marriages, the UN would be allowing girls to finish their education and join the workplace and this will hopefully lift many families out of poverty. 

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Hi Cole,
I really liked your summary on the UN Goal #8, I think you provided an excellent example with Columbia and how much they have grown with the UN's support. I agree with this goal, because I think a lot of countries do need that extra support especially when coming out of poverty. I think that developed countries should be pitching in, and supporting future allies in becoming developed.
- Rhea Agnihotri

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I think this is a very important issue which does require a lot of awareness! I think the UN's steps are adequate, as they are moving in the right directions and their actions are clearly working. I think this needs to be furthered, and raising awareness is a great solution, along with providing funding for additional healthcare.
-Rhea Agnihotri

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Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women (Harmohit Kaur)

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Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women (Harmohit Kaur)

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The United Nations goal is to create equality for women. The UN is representing the equal role of both genders to the society. The males do not have any more rights and high preferences as compared to females. Within this goal, the girls are getting even more chances to go to school. Moreover, this is making females take high level jobs which includes parliament jobs.

During this pandemic of COVID19, this goal is little affected. Many of the women are trying to access the services but they are in the homes. Some of the women in the home are with abusers. Looking in , with his goal of Gender Equality and Empower women, women are playing a huge role in the pandemic as working as frontline workers for the community and the country. The UN is creating a lot to empower the future of the girls by requiring education necessary for them. A specific legal age to get married or work. These roles of the UN are playing a significant role in promoting women as equal to men and empowering them.

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The United Nations Goal is to reduce child mortality rates by two thirds which it has been between 1990-2015. This refers to children dying under only 5 years at age. Child mortality rates can increase due to a lack of a nutritious diet, the environment they live in, lack of proper care, lack of financial support or catching illnesses without having the resources to cure it. The UN wants the child mortality rate to decrease so children, no matter where they live, can live their life as long as possible.

Yes, I think it was an achievable goal for the UN to meet because there were many things that could have been improved by simply providing resources that these children need. Many countries, especially in the rural areas, did not have the same access to basic resources. Mothers that were uneducated usually had children that died under the age of 5 more regularly than mothers who were educated. They needed access to nutrition, education on what can cause early child deaths and how to prevent it or seek help, access to vaccines and immunizations and access to clean water and proper hygiene uses. When all of these resources are made affordable and accessible to families, it can reduce the child mortality rate and help families to properly care and protect their children. This easily allows the child to be able to grow up and live as long as possible. This is why I think that this was an achievable goal for the UN.

Since the last two centuries, the UN and other countries have done a lot to continue the rapid progress of reducing the child mortality rate. Between 1800 to 1950 global mortality has halved from around 43% to 22.5%. I do believe that the UN and these countries could have done a better job and a quicker one too. In the past 20 years, it was very common to see children die under the age of 5 as child mortality and fertility rates were very high. Many parents were not educated on the different ways children could die and how young death would catch up to them. They did not have the resources or even knowledge of the resources in order to seek assistance. Even though countries did the bare minimum, more could have been done,

Japan is one country that has implemented these resources to their people. Their child mortality rate is 2.5 deaths per 1000 lives which is one of the lowest in the world. Japan provided maternal-child healthcare handbooks which allowed many women giving birth to be educated on how to protect and nurture their children. They also have universal access to care. Abortion is an option given to women if needed. The government provides financial aid for medical and pediatric complications. Their society is organized to support children and ensure they live a long life and stay as healthy as possible. Japan’s society is equipped with community support and public health education. Japan didn’t always have one of the lowest child mortality rates until they began making changes and improving their health care.

I think some ways of improving the child mortality rates is by educating people in areas that are not as familiar with the topic so we are helping them to help their precious ones. We can provide them with posters, brochures, fliers, basically anything so they can get educated. We can also ensure that resources are available to all families, especially ones living in more rural areas who do not have access to these resources.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8295019/

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yes, i also agree that it is important for schools to be more affordable and accessible to young children. In rural areas, it is hard for people to find the resources they need to get a proper education so I think this is really important

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I agree that school should be available to every child. Education is essential and every child deserves to have access to it. They shouldn't be denied this because of their race, gender or any disabilities. I also agree that emergency options needed to be implemented for children living in more dangerous and war-like countries where it is unsafe for them to travel to school.

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Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger - Alana Cherry

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Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger - Alana Cherry

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The United Nations has developed 3 goals in hopes of completing them by 2015. This includes cutting the proportion of people who whose income is less than $1.25 in half, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people, as well as cut the people that suffer from hunger in half.

Goals #1 and #3 were very much achievable, however goal 2 did not do as well. The first goal, in which the target was to reduce the poverty rates by half, was achieved in 2010, 5 years ahead of the original deadline. However, in goal #2, the percentage of people employed that are of working age had fallen from 62% in 1991 to 60% in 2015. As well, only 4 in 10 young men and women of ages 15-24 were employed in 2015 compared to 5 in 10 in 1991.
Finally, goal #3, according to the UN, the proportion of undernourished people had fallen by half in developing regions since 1990. But what still remains globally continues to be 795 million including 90 million children under 5 that are undernourished, as of 2015.
In my personal opinion, all the goals were of different strengths, meaning all the goals could have used work, but in different ways. The first goal was achieved way ahead of schedule. They could have either increased the percent or brought up the timeline, in hopes of achieving a higher goal. As for goal number 2, they actually went backwards. They had wanted to achieve full and productive employment for all, but due to the global economic crisis in 2008/2009, there had been a major downturn. Either way, the goal could not have been completed, though a more reasonable goal could have been to increase the amount by 10-15% instead of aiming for full employment. Finally, the last targeted goal was somewhat achieved, however, in the original goal, it did not specify if it was to be achieved worldwide, yet it had only said the goal was achieved in developing regions.

Some countries, such as China, Moldova and Vietnam had effectively eliminated poverty in 2015. Some countries, such as India, had low rates of extreme poverty, yet still left millions suffering. Other countries, such as Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Burkina Faso still continue to suffer from extreme poverty, even after major reduction, and still remain above 40%. (https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/which-countries-reduced-poverty-rates-most#:~:text=Some%20of%20the%2015%20countries,of%20people%20living%20in%20deprivation)

I believe the UN had worked a lot towards the goals for ending extreme poverty and hunger. Extreme poverty had been cut by more than half in 1990, and their new goal is to completely end poverty and hunger everywhere by 2030. However, for this new goal, covid-19 will have an impact. Employment is difficult to find even in developed countries during the virus, never mind the underdeveloped countries suffering at high costs without the ability to stay home, safely when contracting the virus, or even getting tested for the virus in the first place. However, seeing as the new goal is set for 2030, we must keep an eye on the virus and hope the downfall will not have such a big impact on what is hoped to completely end poverty and hunger.

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I agree with this goal. The better the environment would be more will be the time of life on earth. A sustainability plays a huge role . The limited use of natural resources and managed way of using them is a pathway to save them for future generations.

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I feel child mortality rate should be reduced. Every parent love their child. It was a time when the mortality rate was need, but the more child will die, all the generation will be old people. The old people are more frequent to die, there will be increase in mortality rate. The reduction in child mortality rate will lead to new more lives and lifespan will be longer as comparable to old aged people.

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Hello! I agree that education is an absolute essential, and children should always have access. This does become difficult due to the challenges these children face, from poverty, to ethnicity, to country emergencies, but this means that these points should be included in the next and future goals.

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Hello! Yes, I agree. Women all over the world have been forced into positions of marriage and pushed to start families at such young ages. With goals set for legal marriage ages, women will have more opportunity to pursue other paths in their life.

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The United Nations created a set of 3 goals to help eradicate poverty and hunger. The idea started with cutting the proportion of people that make $1.25 everyday, to then achieving full and productive employment and decent work for all including women, and finally to cut the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.

The 1st goal and the 3rd goal were achieved but the 2nd goal was unable to reach its targets.

The first goal was to reduce the number of people that earn $1.25 a day by half, and this was achieved five years ahead of its time, back in 2010 instead of 2015. This means that since 1990, more than 1 billion people have been lifted out of poverty. Even with this success, it should be noted that there are still more than 800 million people that are still living in extreme poverty. The 2nd goal on the other hand, resulted in the number of working age men and women to fall from 62% back in 1990, to 60% in 2015. This means that only four in ten young men and women are employed in 2015 compared to 5 in ten in 1991. The 3rd goal was also achievable as the results proved it to be. The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has been cut down by almost half since 1990. Still the efforts continue since there are still an estimated 795 million people that are suffering from hunger and 90 million of those are children under 5 that are either malnourished or underweight. Honestly in my opinion, I think the UN did well for committing themselves  to their words or the targets that they  set for themselves, but due to the increasing population they probably need to do more. There still are millions of people that are suffering from hunger and are malnourished. This is also separate from those that are still earning under $1.25 a day. For the time span that the UN worked in with all the challenging issues it thought of tackling, I think they have done very well but still need to continue with their efforts since there are still people out there that need help.

The UN provides essential support to the farmers of India that are currently suffering from extremely low salaries which reduces the amount of things they can afford, such as food. Fertilizers are blamed for soil degradation, resulting in stagnant productivity, health issues which push farmers into debt.  By bringing in organic products, the farmers will have their cost reduced and their profits increased.

Hunger and poverty are two huge goals to accomplish. Targets should be set, in order to stay on track and to identify if results are being achieved. The UN should target at least removing hunger and malnourishment of children first since they are one that would require immediate attention due to their bodies not being strong enough to handle starving.

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I agree that primary education is extremely important because in rural areas in third world countries, people are not educated enough to know right and wrong. Things such as gender segregation and inequality are problems that somewhat start for being uneducated. Education helps eliminate a lot of issues that are prominent in today's society.

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It will be hard for the UN to achieve their goal of promoting equality for women and to empower women in cultures or places where they are barred from doing a lot. Those people that believe in that kind of inequality must be educated on how gender segregation shouldn't be allowed, since everyone deserves a shot at what they want to do in their life.

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Goal #3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women - Sarah Al-Sayed

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Goal #3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women - Sarah Al-Sayed

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The United Nations has developed eight goals in total to encourage global action. The third goal is the promotion of Gender Equality and Female Empowerment. They highlight the importance of supporting gender inequality and uplifting women across the world. I believe this is more than achievable, but not by 2015. This is an ongoing goal that will take decades to complete, it is important to note that it's mostly older generations that hold outdated views about gender equality. As newer, more progressive generations are birthed, the more gender equality.

I believe the UN and its participating countries (Nepal and Bangladesh for example) were extremely successful it completing this goal, however, there are still cultural and social aspects in these countries that are preventing female empowerment and gender equality. In Bangladesh, for example, this goal is being implemented by educating women on sexual health and contraceptives, successfully lowering the children per woman from 6 to 2.5 in the recent decade. I believe new goals such as criminalizing forceful marriages and abolishing the gender wage gap should be implemented to help achieve this goal. Also, educating young children and men on sexual assault and abuse will help prevent violence against women.

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I definitely agree that this was not a goal that the UN took as seriously as they should've. Furthermore, the UN should also concentrate on preventing conflicts that ruin the progression of these goals instead of waiting by silently until they feel like they cant fix the repercussions.

- Sarah Al-Sayed

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I totally agree that the UN made an active effort to help fix poverty and hunger on a global scale. However, I feel like this is an ongoing goal that you cant set a date for; it heavily depends on economy, resources, politics and the country's overall progression.

- Sarah Al-Sayed

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a) Briefly summarize the goal set by the UN using no more than 2-3 sentences.

The goal is to integrate sustainable development principles into country policies to reverse the loss of environmental resources. It aims to reduce deforestation, carbon dioxide emissions, use of ozone depleting substances and increase access of safe drinking water and basic sanitation to people without it. The goal aims to significantly improve the lives of 100 million slum dwellers.

b) Do you think this was an achievable goal for the UN to set?

By looking at the statistics, I can say that UN had set achievable  goals. Sustainability policies decreased loss of forests and almost completely eliminated the use of Ozone depleting substances. Biodiversity loss was significantly reduced by protecting ecosystems. The target of halving the proportion of people without access to improved sources of water was met five years ahead of schedule. Worldwide 2.1 billion people have gained access to improved sanitation. Between 2000 and 2014, more than 320 million people living in slums gained access to improved water sources and sanitation facilities, and less crowded housing, thereby exceeding the MDG target.

c)Do you think the countries of the world or the UN did enough over the last 20 years in this area?

I feel not all countries made an equal effort towards achieving environmental sustainability. The UN did its part to frame policies, set targets, release funds and give directions and expertise to the countries, but not all countries are on the same level of implementation due to their population, economic and other constraints. Achievement statistics are appreciable but a lot more is left to be done. Some countries like Sweden, Denmark, Norway are leading in terms of their contribution but many poor countries have other challenges such as poverty and hunger to overcome before they could improvise their efforts to achieve environmental sustainability. Data points that 2.4 billion are still using unimproved sanitation facilities, including 946 million people who are still practicing open defecation and more than 880 million people are estimated to be living in slums today. Collective global efforts are required in this direction with the developed countries supporting the developing and underdeveloped nations to achieve sustainability goals.

d) Provide an example of a country where this goal is being implemented. Explain how.

Switzerland is making efforts to implement this goal. In 2017, the world’s first  industrial scale carbon-capture plant was opened outside of Zurich. The plant removes CO2 from the air through direct air capture. The process requires minimal land space and no water to run. The CO2 is captured and delivered to a greenhouse with 250 000 similar sized plants. The plant is able to capture 900 tons, the same amount of CO2 that would be produced from around 200 cars in a year.
ARA Bern is a wastewater treatment plant considered to be one of most technologically advanced in the whole of Europe. The plant cleans 90 million litres of wastewater per day. By 2022 ARA Bern will be adding an additional cleaning process to remove micropollutants from wastewater.
The country successfully separates and recycles organic and recyclable waste whilst converting the rest to energy.
For example, the KVA Thun waste-to-energy plant processes 100,000 tons of combustible waste every year.

e)  Are there new targets that should be set?

Some of the new targets that need to be set are-

Creating more sustainable communities by establishing more of water treatment and recycling plants and banning plastic bags completely.

Working towards getting 80% of energy from renewables by 2050.

A significant improvement in the lives of 50% of slum dwellers by 2030.

Sustainable access to basic sanitation to 200 million slum dwellers by 2030.

Double the area of land covered under protected ecosystems by 2030.

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Improve Maternal Health - Azariah Cumberbatch

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Improve Maternal Health - Azariah Cumberbatch

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The fifth goal of the United Nations was to achieve universal reproductive health by 2015. Between 1990 and 2015, they were also aiming to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three quarters.

I think this was an achievable goal for the UN to set as modern medicine is becoming more and more advanced each day. Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has been cut almost in half, and most of the reduction has occurred since 2015. However, I do not think that the UN has done enough over the last 2 decades in this area as in 2013, there were still 289,000 maternal-related deaths, and after years of slow progress, only half the amount of pregnant women are receiving the recommended amount of antenatal care. In Afghanistan, UNICEF is strengthening health facilities by providing training and essential newborn care equipment, deploying mobile health outreach teams to isolated areas, and creating specialized maternity "waiting homes and rooms". I don't think that any new targets should be set as these current goals haven't been fully attained yet.

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Improve Maternal Health - Kate Hutchison

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Improve Maternal Health - Kate Hutchison

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The United Nations has implemented various goals to achieve better maternal health over the span of 25 years.  The goal was specifically to work to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three quarters.  This resulted in rapid changes in the first ten years, showing the ratio being reduced by about half of what it was originally. An increase in births with support from qualified medical assistance was seen through the transition from 59 percent of births in 1990 to 71 percent in 2014.

Although the numbers have grown significantly over the past 25 years, it is still significantly important to focus on further growth and development today. In 2015, half of women still did not have access to the suggested amount of antenatal care. The access the these health care resources must increase to ensure the health of both the birth mother and baby.

ANTENATAL CARE: healthcare received during pregnancy.

Specific Examples:

MOZAMBIQUE
In many rural areas in Mozambique, women and girls risk facing obstetric fistula which develops during labour that is not addressed with medical attention.   Unfortunately this often results in chronic illnesses for the birth mother and frequently leads to the birth of a stillborn baby.  This illness is directly correlated to the lack of access to medical assistance.

Through gaining knowledge on the impacts of this ongoing issue, this instills the importance of medical aid to increase maternal health world wide.  Initiatives must be put into place to create safer environments and long term health for those giving birth and their babies.

To read more about these issues go to: https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/maternal.shtml

Watch the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLwoDFQJEq_0Y57bsPH-5zcRnDlXJRz87x&v=ozcoElGuPGg&feature=emb_title

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This link explains a bit about where we currently stand with this goal. https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sdgoverview/mdg_goals/mdg7.html

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This link explains where we currently stand with this goal.
https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sdgoverview/mdg_goals/mdg4.html

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I agree with Rhea's proposed goal of ending child marriage to promote gender equality and women empowerment. UNICEF data points that 650 million women alive in the world today were married as girls. Each year, another 12 million girls under the age of 18 become child brides. This compromises their development and limit their opportunities in life. Girls who marry as children are less likely to reach their fullest potential. Child marriage can significantly impact a girl’s ability to continue with education. Many are forced to drop out in order to focus on domestic responsibilities or to raise children of her own. Child marriage has to be eradicated in totality if the world wants to empower women, make them economically independent and achieve gender equality.

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Yes! I think that it is so important that we see regulations put into place implementing ages at which women can both get married and work.  This is crucial to ensuring girls have equal access to education without factors limiting their success such as early marriage and work.  Long term this allows women to be more successful and creates many beneficial pathways for their future.  In addition to the improvements we have seen, this also makes me wonder how has access to education adapted to assist students during the current pandemic?

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I strongly agree that the goal created by the UN was a bit of a stretch. I personally believe that a more productive approach would have been to create smaller and specific goals to address current issues limiting the access to universal primary education. These goals could be creating more schools in closer proximity to rural areas, addressing the high costs of education and the costs of transportation and implementing educational strategies/ assistance that aids the unique needs of various students. Through focusing on the goals that work to terminate the factors limiting access to education, these can work towards the reaching the end broader goal of completing primary education on a universal scale.

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Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other diseases- Kenda Al-Shamali

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Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other diseases- Kenda Al-Shamali

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The goal set by the United Nations is to reduce and prevent the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Malarian etc. They approached this goal with 3 main targets. The first one is to have stopped the rapid spread by 2015 and beginning to reverse the spread of HIV and AIDS. The second target they have set is to have universal access to treatment of HIV and AIDS for everyone that needs it, including people in countries where they don’t have easy access to most of these testing equipments all by 2010. And lastly, by the year 2015, the UN planned to reverse the frequency of Malaria and major diseases from spreading.

When the UN decided to implement Target #3 (stopping and reversing the number of the spread of Malaria and other diseases) in countries in the south of the Sahara in Africa. When this goal was  implemented, over 6.2 millions deaths that would have been caused by Malaria were prevented since the year 2000. This mostly impacted children who are five years old. The goal was achieved by increased funding and diagnosis and treatment provided, where 37 million lives were saved between the years 2000 and 2013.

After watching the Mobile HIV testing for women in Botswana video, I feel that the idea of being able to provide women in third world countries where treatment centres are not common is an idea that could have thrived. However, they did mention that these trucks were 200 km away from their homes, where the journey was very long. This factor is a barrier that could prevent people from getting tested. I think that if they had been able to provide more trucks closer to peoples homes, more people would have been able to get tested. Another thing they could have done would be to drive the trucks to each neighbourhood, while I understand this could be a little more time consuming than the initial plan, I feel that they could have prevented even more deaths/infections by bringing the trucks closer to the areas where these people live.

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After reading Azreen's post, I appreciate the efforts made by the UN towards reducing child mortality and also agree that a lot more is still to be done. As mentioned in the post, I do agree that there is a need of raising awareness in the society to reduce child mortality which UN should continue doing as its ongoing goal. Awareness campaigns in every country should stress upon importance of breastfeeding and teach mothers about best nutrition practices. Awareness about immunizations, need of skilled attendants at the time of birth, postnatal care should all be explained to the families during the campaigns. Digital and mass media campaigns can also prove beneficial for spreading awareness about best practices families should follow to reduce child mortality.

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There are three set goals of the UN in regard to eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. The reduction of the portion of people whose income is less than $1.25 a day by half, to achieve full and productive employment for all, inclusive of women and young people, and to half the portion of people suffering from hunger in a 25-year time frame (1990-2015).

I think these were achievable goals, they gave themselves a sufficient amount of time to complete, as they cannot be achieved overnight. Goals number one and three were met, with goal number one being achieved 5 years in advance.  The second goal however had some difficulties being met.

I think that you wanted to know in this area because two girls were ahead of time and even though they did not achieve the second goal in the time that the allotted to themselves I doubt they had much control over that. The second goal can be met but only if countries that are faced with this issue, the government and other powerful institutions full support this move, especially with women and stop seeing them as mere housewives, modern times call for modern solutions, if women were allowed to work, I’m sure they would beagle to help with the issue of poverty.

‘’Like slavery, poverty is not natural it is man-made and it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings’’. - Nelson Mandela

A country in which these goals are being implemented is in Bangladesh where many went from having one merely to having three meals. The United Nation described it as the largest project of its kind in Bangladesh and one of the largest in the world. The UNDP and its partners have helped Bangladesh make critical advances in the areas of poverty reduction building stronger communities.

Things and times have changed, with some things changing for the worse. Many new issues have arrived since 1990, so new targets should be set for the betterment of countries and the world as a whole. With the increase in population, there is no surprise that many made soon be trapped in poverty once again. One target can be raising the amount they aim for as income for individuals, as economies have changed making the cost of living higher. Instead of halving the number of people suffer from hunger, give themselves a longer time frame, and aim to completely eradicate it.

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The goals set by the United Nations are mainly set for these four directions: expanding forest coverage and protecting the ozone layer; protecting biodiversity; providing safe drinking water and basic sanitation facilities for more people; allowing more people in slums People get rid of poverty and improve their living standards.

I think this goal is achievable. For now, the world has realized the importance of sustainable development and has made a lot of progress. If the status is maintained, this goal is very likely to be achieved.
such as,
· Between 2011 and 2016, the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP in almost all ECE countries have improved. Uzbekistan saw the largest decline, followed by Turkmenistan and Ukraine. In 2016, Switzerland, Sweden and Malta had the lowest carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP.
· In the entire ECE region, overall, forest coverage has been expanding for the past two decades. Between 2000 and 2015, there was a net increase of 28.1 million hectares. This is in sharp contrast to the situation in the world. Between 2000 and 2015, the proportion of forests in the total land area dropped from 31.1% to 30.7%.
· The countries facing the greatest water pressure are Central Asian countries, including Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan; the Mediterranean region, including Israel, Malta, Spain, Turkey, and Armenia and Azerbaijan in the Caucasus. The water consumption of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Israel exceeded the replenishment of the same period, resulting in a water shortage rate of more than 100%.

I think it is far from enough, because we are still far away from the set goals. Especially under the influence of the new crown epidemic that started last year, the situation in the slums is even more worrying. On April 1 this year, a confirmed case of pneumonia was first reported in a Tharavi slum in Mumbai, India. When it was discovered, the condition was already quite serious. The medical conditions of the local hospital were limited, and he passed away during the transfer process. The control and treatment of the epidemic can only be achieved by paying a high price in terms of money, and the conditions in India are far too wide. Under such an environment, the epidemic here is likely to escalate again because it is not significantly controlled. .

In terms of afforestation, China is a good example. A newly released UN report shows that between 2010 and 2020, China, Australia and India are the three countries with the highest average annual net increase in forest area in the world. The data in this report released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) shows that China has increased an average of 1.937 million hectares of forest annually in the past 10 years, a growth rate of 0.93%, far higher than other countries. For many years, China has been implementing desertification prevention and control projects and returning farmland to forests in the vast western and northern regions. The state media reported in April this year that the Mu Us Desert, one of China's four major sand lands, was "about to disappear."
In addition, some Chinese private companies have also begun to carry out public welfare afforestation projects. "Ant Forest" is the most representative case. "Ant Forest" was launched by Alibaba's Ant Financial Group on the mobile app Alipay in 2016. It encourages users to accumulate points through a low-carbon and environmentally friendly lifestyle, such as taking public transportation. When the user’s points accumulate to a certain amount, he can exchange for a virtual tree, which matches with a real sapling planted in the Gobi Desert. The user can view the tree he planted through satellite images. These costs are borne by the company bear. In April 2019, Ant Financial announced data that the number of users of Ant Forest reached 500 million. Together, they planted 100 million real trees in desertified areas, covering a total area of ​​nearly 933 square kilometers. China is a country with a large population. Relying on this advantage, the vegetation coverage rate has been rapidly improved.
The picture below is the Haloxylon tree I redeemed on the app!

I think new goals should be set. A UN human rights expert published a report today stating that the international community relies too much on economic growth rather than social equity to eradicate poverty, and the poverty standards of the United Nations and the World Bank are set too low, making governments easily complacent without real results. .
At present, the new crown epidemic has pushed more than 250 million people around the world to the brink of hunger. It is estimated that 176 million people will fall into extreme poverty, and the neglect of people in slums will further intensify.
The report pointed out that tax equality is the key to ensuring that the government has sufficient funds to provide social welfare protection. If growth is solely dependent on growth without a stronger wealth redistribution mechanism, the global effort to tackle poverty will fail in fact.
Poverty is not just a low-income problem, it is also the deprivation of rights, systematic social abuse and discrimination. To eradicate poverty, it means that we need to build a more tolerant society, a society that shifts from almsgiving to a power-based approach.

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I agree with the target set by the UN, this is a very important issue, as every child has the right to learn, but they did not put into consideration, some of the internal factors that are going to affect this target. For example, they make the education available but many children will not benefit, the main reason why they maybe don't have access to education in the first place is because they are poor so when it is available o them their parents might still need them to work from a tender age to earn money for basic needs.

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I wholeheartedly agree with this target. I believe that it is full time persons stop seeing the female gender as inferior to males. While traditional values are important like women being stay at home wives/ mothers while the men go out to work. This only condemn women of evolving into their best selves, as many of them have dreams and aspirations that don't become reality. the target of having women placed in better work places and even in parliament is an excellent idea. Women should be empowered to reach there full potential.

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The UN noticed  that one of the main reasons of maternal realated health, is lack of neutrition, lack of knowledge and/or help.

They would look at the information they notice and then report, that way people can act in a safe effective manner.

They felt that health conterventions can help control and manage any dort of complications (i.e., care for the mothers weeks before the baby arrives) during the time the professionals would give the mothers tips and guide the mothers in terms of what they should expect.

From the information WHO has gone through, they have also determinded that one should also have 4+ anetenatal care visits to help the mothers and newborns by giving additional advce and precautions they advise them to follow.

Finally, they reccomend that everyone has a medical profesional present, that way teh baby will be dilivered properly and many complications are avoided- by getting rid of the 'unknown/unexperianced' aspect of it all.

They have greatly helped improve the maternal health and it is ovbious.

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a.) The goals set by the UN include combining the principles of sustainable development into policies and programmes, reverse the consumption of environmental resources, reduce biodiversity loss and receive a substantial reduction in rate of loss. They also want people to have more clean water access.

b.) I think these were achievable goals for the UN to set because looking at the statistics, it shows that over 320 million people living in slums got access to clean water. Many people world wide received access to sanitation, They exceeded the goals. The Ozone-depleting substances have been eliminated, and are expected to recover by the middle of the century.

c.) I think the countries have put in a great effort, but there is still a lot of work left. Over the years, between 1990-2015, 2.6 billion people gained access to improved sanitation. That shows a significantly improved goal, but 2.4 billion are still using unimproved sanitation. But I still believe there is room for improvement, and the countries can do a bit more.

d.) An example of a country where the plan is being implemented is Canada. They have contributed to Germany. They help by recycling more to help reduce co2 emissions.

e.) the new targets that have been set are:

I think targets should include reducing more energy emissions, and greenhouse gas

Changing slums into better residential areas

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Goal #1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger - Alana Cherry
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Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger - Alana Cherry
The United Nations has developed 3 goals in hopes of completing them by 2015. This includes cutting the proportion of people who whose income is less than $1.25 in half, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people, as well as cut the people that suffer from hunger in half.

Goals #1 and #3 were very much achievable, however goal 2 did not do as well. The first goal, in which the target was to reduce the poverty rates by half, was achieved in 2010, 5 years ahead of the original deadline. However, in goal #2, the percentage of people employed that are of working age had fallen from 62% in 1991 to 60% in 2015. As well, only 4 in 10 young men and women of ages 15-24 were employed in 2015 compared to 5 in 10 in 1991.
Finally, goal #3, according to the UN, the proportion of undernourished people had fallen by half in developing regions since 1990. But what still remains globally continues to be 795 million including 90 million children under 5 that are undernourished, as of 2015.
In my personal opinion, all the goals were of different strengths, meaning all the goals could have used work, but in different ways. The first goal was achieved way ahead of schedule. They could have either increased the percent or brought up the timeline, in hopes of achieving a higher goal. As for goal number 2, they actually went backwards. They had wanted to achieve full and productive employment for all, but due to the global economic crisis in 2008/2009, there had been a major downturn. Either way, the goal could not have been completed, though a more reasonable goal could have been to increase the amount by 10-15% instead of aiming for full employment. Finally, the last targeted goal was somewhat achieved, however, in the original goal, it did not specify if it was to be achieved worldwide, yet it had only said the goal was achieved in developing regions.

Some countries, such as China, Moldova and Vietnam had effectively eliminated poverty in 2015. Some countries, such as India, had low rates of extreme poverty, yet still left millions suffering. Other countries, such as Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Burkina Faso still continue to suffer from extreme poverty, even after major reduction, and still remain above 40%. (https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/which-countries-reduced-poverty-rates-most#:~:text=Some of the 15 countries,of people living in deprivation)

I believe the UN had worked a lot towards the goals for ending extreme poverty and hunger. Extreme poverty had been cut by more than half in 1990, and their new goal is to completely end poverty and hunger everywhere by 2030. However, for this new goal, covid-19 will have an impact. Employment is difficult to find even in developed countries during the virus, never mind the underdeveloped countries suffering at high costs without the ability to stay home, safely when contracting the virus, or even getting tested for the virus in the first place. However, seeing as the new goal is set for 2030, we must keep an eye on the virus and hope the downfall will not have such a big impact on what is hoped to completely end poverty and hunger.
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Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
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Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
The United Nations created a set of 3 goals to help eradicate poverty and hunger. The idea started with cutting the proportion of people that make $1.25 everyday, to then achieving full and productive employment and decent work for all including women, and finally to cut the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.
The 1st goal and the 3rd goal were achieved but the 2nd goal was unable to reach its targets.
The first goal was to reduce the number of people that earn $1.25 a day by half, and this was achieved five years ahead of its time, back in 2010 instead of 2015. This means that since 1990, more than 1 billion people have been lifted out of poverty. Even with this success, it should be noted that there are still more than 800 million people that are still living in extreme poverty. The 2nd goal on the other hand, resulted in the number of working age men and women to fall from 62% back in 1990, to 60% in 2015. This means that only four in ten young men and women are employed in 2015 compared to 5 in ten in 1991. The 3rd goal was also achievable as the results proved it to be. The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has been cut down by almost half since 1990. Still the efforts continue since there are still an estimated 795 million people that are suffering from hunger and 90 million of those are children under 5 that are either malnourished or underweight. Honestly in my opinion, I think the UN did well for committing themselves  to their words or the targets that they  set for themselves, but due to the increasing population they probably need to do more. There still are millions of people that are suffering from hunger and are malnourished. This is also separate from those that are still earning under $1.25 a day. For the time span that the UN worked in with all the challenging issues it thought of tackling, I think they have done very well but still need to continue with their efforts since there are still people out there that need help.
The UN provides essential support to the farmers of India that are currently suffering from extremely low salaries which reduces the amount of things they can afford, such as food. Fertilizers are blamed for soil degradation, resulting in stagnant productivity, health issues which push farmers into debt.  By bringing in organic products, the farmers will have their cost reduced and their profits increased. 
Hunger and poverty are two huge goals to accomplish. Targets should be set, in order to stay on track and to identify if results are being achieved. The UN should target at least removing hunger and malnourishment of children first since they are one that would require immediate attention due to their bodies not being strong enough to handle starving.


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I totally agree that the UN made an active effort to help fix poverty and hunger on a global scale. However, I feel like this is an ongoing goal that you cant set a date for; it heavily depends on economy, resources, politics and the country's overall progression.

- Sarah Al-Sayed
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Doniesha Gayle
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Doniesha Gayle
There are three set goals of the UN in regard to eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. The reduction of the portion of people whose income is less than $1.25 a day by half, to achieve full and productive employment for all, inclusive of women and young people, and to half the portion of people suffering from hunger in a 25-year time frame (1990-2015).

I think these were achievable goals, they gave themselves a sufficient amount of time to complete, as they cannot be achieved overnight. Goals number one and three were met, with goal number one being achieved 5 years in advance.  The second goal however had some difficulties being met. 

I think that you wanted to know in this area because two girls were ahead of time and even though they did not achieve the second goal in the time that the allotted to themselves I doubt they had much control over that. The second goal can be met but only if countries that are faced with this issue, the government and other powerful institutions full support this move, especially with women and stop seeing them as mere housewives, modern times call for modern solutions, if women were allowed to work, I’m sure they would beagle to help with the issue of poverty. 
‘’Like slavery, poverty is not natural it is man-made and it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings’’. - Nelson Mandela  

A country in which these goals are being implemented is in Bangladesh where many went from having one merely to having three meals. The United Nation described it as the largest project of its kind in Bangladesh and one of the largest in the world. The UNDP and its partners have helped Bangladesh make critical advances in the areas of poverty reduction building stronger communities. 

Things and times have changed, with some things changing for the worse. Many new issues have arrived since 1990, so new targets should be set for the betterment of countries and the world as a whole. With the increase in population, there is no surprise that many made soon be trapped in poverty once again. One target can be raising the amount they aim for as income for individuals, as economies have changed making the cost of living higher. Instead of halving the number of people suffer from hunger, give themselves a longer time frame, and aim to completely eradicate it.

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Goal #2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
Achieve Universal Primary Education (Peter Blazevic)
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Achieve Universal Primary Education (Peter Blazevic)
The United Nations goal is to ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. Education is vital to meeting all other millennium development goals

I think this goal was definitely a stretch of a goal to achieve for the UN. Countries affected by conflict, children may have a tough time going to school due wars and other combat conflicts. According to the UN, In countries affected by conflict, the proportion of out-of-school children increased from 30 per cent in 1999 to 36 per cent in 2012. Also children living in developing regions of the world may have a tough time going to school due to lack of transportation and many other factors. According to the UN, in the developing regions, children in the poorest households are four times as likely to be out of school as those in the richest households. In conclusion, In 2015, 57 million children of primary school age were out of school. 

The UN did not do enough over the last 20 years in this area because 57 million children of the primary school age were out of school. However, UNICEF is an organization that works to provide learning opportunities that prepare children and adolescents with the knowledge and skills they need to thrive. UNICEF believes that all children have the right to go to school and learn, regardless of who they are, where they live and how much money their family has. 
https://www.unicef.org/education

In the United States there is non profit organization called Breakthrough Collaborative which works with highly motivated, traditionally underrepresented students to achieve post-secondary success and empowers aspiring leaders to become the next generation of educators and advocates
https://www.breakthroughcollaborative.org/

increasingly promote equity and inclusion. This includes making targeted efforts for children who are excluded on the basis of gender, disability, poverty, ethnicity and language, as well as those who are displaced or affected by emergencies. 

Access: Gender-equitable access to quality education from early childhood to adolescence, including for children with disabilities, marginalized children and those living in humanitarian and emergency settings.
Learning and skills: Quality learning outcomes and skills development that come from strong education systems and innovative solutions.
Emergencies and fragile contexts: Improved learning and protection for children in emergencies and on the move.

Finding ways in making sure that every child has a way to complete a full course of primary school
https://www.unicef.org/education

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I agree with you for this goal to be a stretch as achieving universal primary education for kids from all over the world seems like a very bold goal to achieve. Some solutions to this might involve reducing the cost of education, improve resources or teachers and finding different ways to educate with things such as radio shows, or entertainment programs, 
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Achieve Universal Primary Education-Gurjant Singh
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Achieve Universal Primary Education-Gurjant Singh
United Nations’ goal is to make sure that by 2015, children everywhere will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. Education is vital to meeting all other millennium development goals.

I think this was an achievable goal but would’ve been extremely difficult especially in countries affected by conflict because children will have a hard time going to school due to conflicts that may be happening in their area. Also, children living in developing regions of the world will face challenges like getting to school on time because they lack transportation which will make it difficult to go to school. According to the UN, children in the poorest households of developing regions are four times more likely to be out of school than those in the richest households. In conclusion, the Un did a pretty good job of getting an education to more children. Enrollment in primary schools increased from 83% in 2000 to 91% in 2015. 

I think the UN did a lot to increase education as highlighted by the 8% increase in primary school enrollments from 2000 to 2015. However, I don’t think that was enough because as of 2015 there are still 57 million children out of school. 
 
Breakthrough Collaborative, a non-profit organization in the United States is one organization trying to implement this goal. This organization works with highly motivated, underrepresented students to achieve post-secondary success. They also mobilize the talent of students from over 250 colleges and universities to meet the educational needs of motivated, underrepresented youth from coast to coast. Each year Breakthrough connects 10,000 students with 1,100 college-aged Teaching Fellows in 24 cities across the country.
https://www.breakthroughcollaborative.org/

I think a new target should be finding ways to make sure that every child has a way to complete a full course of primary school. They can start by making targeted efforts for children who are excluded on the basis of gender, disability, poverty, ethnicity, and language, as well as those who are displaced or affected by emergencies. 
 
Access: Every child should have access to primary education despite any challenges they might face
Emergencies and fragile contexts: Improved learning and protection for children in emergencies like wars or government conflicts 


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I agree that school should be available to every child. Education is essential and every child deserves to have access to it. They shouldn't be denied this because of their race, gender or any disabilities. I also agree that emergency options needed to be implemented for children living in more dangerous and war-like countries where it is unsafe for them to travel to school.
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Hello! I agree that education is an absolute essential, and children should always have access. This does become difficult due to the challenges these children face, from poverty, to ethnicity, to country emergencies, but this means that these points should be included in the next and future goals.
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I agree that primary education is extremely important because in rural areas in third world countries, people are not educated enough to know right and wrong. Things such as gender segregation and inequality are problems that somewhat start for being uneducated. Education helps eliminate a lot of issues that are prominent in today's society.
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I definitely agree that this was not a goal that the UN took as seriously as they should've. Furthermore, the UN should also concentrate on preventing conflicts that ruin the progression of these goals instead of waiting by silently until they feel like they cant fix the repercussions.

- Sarah Al-Sayed

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I strongly agree that the goal created by the UN was a bit of a stretch. I personally believe that a  more productive approach would have been to create smaller and specific goals to address current issues limiting the access to universal primary education.  These goals could be creating more schools in closer proximity to rural areas, addressing the high costs of education and the costs of transportation and implementing educational strategies/ assistance that aids the unique needs of various students.  Through focusing on the goals that work to terminate the factors limiting access to education, these can work towards the reaching the end broader goal of completing primary education on a universal scale. 
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I agree with the target set by the UN, this is a very important issue, as every child has the right to learn, but they did not put into consideration, some of the internal factors that are going to affect this target. For example, they make the education available but many children will not benefit, the main reason why they maybe don't have access to education in the first place is because they are poor so when it is available o them their parents might still need them to work from a tender age to earn money for basic needs. 
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Goal #3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Rhea Agnihotri
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Rhea Agnihotri
The goals set by the UN are simply to get more women in the workplace and parliament and to educate more women in primary and secondary school. I think this is an achievable goal for the UN to accomplish because they have been funding and supporting many women and girls throughout their studies which helps them receive a well-paying job. The biggest issue which the UN would face is families imposing their traditional views which prohibits the young girls to get an education. These UN goals have positively impacted countries like Nepal, where families are coming out of poverty with women in the workplace, which then allows for their children to be educated; it’s a cycle that needs to start somewhere. There’s also the example of Afghanistan, where the UN has fellowships for women to further advance their education which then allows them to get high jobs in the workplace. 
With the current COVID-19 restrictions, many families do not have the option to educate their children from home, so many are concerned for their child’s education because they haven’t been in school for nearly 7 months. There are also many concerns for how this pandemic will set back all the work which the UN has done, schooling may be more expensive since only a certain number of children can be in a classroom at a time, and many parents have lost their jobs. I think the UN should work towards making schools more affordable, ideally free, for young children and they should work towards opening up more schools in rural areas for families which live far away and have to walk. 
I think the UN has done a very good job of paving the way for women in the workplace and in educational settings, and they should continue setting new goals as the times change. I think that the next goal should be to put an end to child marriages because this is how traditional views impact a young girls education. Child marriages typically occur in developing countries, and it prohibits the young girl from finishing her education which makes her dependent on her husband for the rest of her life. By ending child marriages, the UN would be allowing girls to finish their education and join the workplace and this will hopefully lift many families out of poverty. 
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Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women (Harmohit Kaur)
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Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women (Harmohit Kaur)
The United Nations goal is to create equality for women. The UN is representing the equal role of both genders to the society. The males do not have any more rights and high preferences as compared to females. Within this goal, the girls are getting even more chances to go to school. Moreover, this is making females take high level jobs which includes parliament jobs.
During this pandemic of COVID19, this goal is little affected. Many of the women are trying to access the services but they are in the homes. Some of the women in the home are with abusers. Looking in , with his goal of Gender Equality and Empower women, women are playing a huge role in the pandemic as working as frontline workers for the community and the country. The UN is creating a lot to empower the future of the girls by requiring education necessary for them. A specific legal age to get married or work. These roles of the UN are playing a significant role in promoting women as equal to men and empowering them.


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yes, i also agree that it is important for schools to be more affordable and accessible to young children. In rural areas, it is hard for people to find the resources they need to get a proper education so I think this is really important 
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Reply (Alana Cherry)
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Reply (Alana Cherry)
Hello! Yes, I agree. Women all over the world have been forced into positions of marriage and pushed to start families at such young ages. With goals set for legal marriage ages, women will have more opportunity to pursue other paths in their life.
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Avatar of AS - 12WS 798085 Mississauga SS
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It will be hard for the UN to achieve their goal of promoting equality for women and to empower women in cultures or places where they are barred from doing a lot. Those people that believe in that kind of inequality must be educated on how gender segregation shouldn't be allowed, since everyone deserves a shot at what they want to do in their life.
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Goal #3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women - Sarah Al-Sayed
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Goal #3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women - Sarah Al-Sayed
The United Nations has developed eight goals in total to encourage global action. The third goal is the promotion of Gender Equality and Female Empowerment. They highlight the importance of supporting gender inequality and uplifting women across the world. I believe this is more than achievable, but not by 2015. This is an ongoing goal that will take decades to complete, it is important to note that it's mostly older generations that hold outdated views about gender equality. As newer, more progressive generations are birthed, the more gender equality. 

I believe the UN and its participating countries (Nepal and Bangladesh for example) were extremely successful it completing this goal, however, there are still cultural and social aspects in these countries that are preventing female empowerment and gender equality. In Bangladesh, for example, this goal is being implemented by educating women on sexual health and contraceptives, successfully lowering the children per woman from 6 to 2.5 in the recent decade. I believe new goals such as criminalizing forceful marriages and abolishing the gender wage gap should be implemented to help achieve this goal. Also, educating young children and men on sexual assault and abuse will help prevent violence against women.

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Reply- By Ashutosh Kapoor
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Reply- By Ashutosh Kapoor
I agree with Rhea's proposed goal of ending child marriage to promote gender equality and women empowerment. UNICEF data points that 650 million women alive in the world today were married as girls. Each year, another 12 million girls under the age of 18 become child brides. This compromises  their development and limit their opportunities in life. Girls who marry as children are less likely to reach their fullest potential. Child marriage can significantly impact a girl’s ability to continue with education. Many are forced to drop out in order to focus on domestic responsibilities or to raise children of her own. Child marriage has to be eradicated in totality if the world wants to empower women, make them economically independent and achieve gender equality.
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Reply (Kate Hutchison)
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Reply (Kate Hutchison)
Yes! I think that it is so important that we see regulations put into place implementing ages at which women can both get married and work.  This is crucial to ensuring girls have equal access to education without factors limiting their success such as early marriage and work.  Long term this allows women to be more successful and creates many beneficial pathways for their future.  In addition to the improvements we have seen, this also makes me wonder how has access to education adapted to assist students during the current pandemic? 
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I wholeheartedly agree with this target. I believe that it is full time persons stop seeing the female gender as inferior to males. While traditional values are important like women being stay at home wives/ mothers while the men go out to work. This only condemn women of evolving into their best selves, as many of them have dreams and aspirations that don't become reality. the target of having women placed in better work places and even in parliament is an excellent idea. Women should be empowered to reach there full potential. 
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Goal #4: Reduce Child Mortality
Reduce Child Mortality - By Azreen Hussain
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Reduce Child Mortality - By Azreen Hussain
The United Nations goal is to reduce child mortality rates by two thirds. The global under-five mortality rate decreased by more than half between 1990 and 2015, falling from 90 to 43 deaths per 1000 live births. 

In the past, almost one third of the 49 least developed countries have succeeded in developing their under-five mortality rates by 40 percent or more. Despite the difficulties, many nations with very high rates of infant death in 1990 are beating the odds and reducing mortality rates below five, showing improvement is possible for all children. Therefore I think this goal is achievable. The causes of child deaths in many developing countries are related to malnutrition and the lack of access to adequate primary health care and facilities, such as water and sanitation. In 2008, pneumonia, measles, malaria and AIDS accounted for 43 per cent of all deaths among children under the age of five worldwide. More than a third of all infant deaths have been traced to undernutrition. 

As of right now there is a lot being done to reduce child mortality rates by the UN. For example, the UN launched a global strategy for Women's and Children 's Health that was established in 2010, laying out main steps to strengthen women's and children's health globally, with the potential to save 16 million lives by 2015. Another example of what has worked is the promotion of breastfeeding in Cambodia to help the child build natural immunity at birth. In Cambodia, the child and under-five mortality rates both decreased by more than 70 percent between 2000 and 2014, while the maternal mortality rate decreased significantly from 472 per 100,000 live births to 170 deaths. There is still a lot that needs to be done, however this is progress. 

A good first step to help would be to simply raise awareness about child mortality around the world. Another way to help is to just donate to organizations that want to save lives. https://www.unicef.ca/en/blog/tags/child-mortality 
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PB - 12WS 920674 Mississauga SS
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I totally agree with you that the The United Nations goal is to reduce child mortality rates by two thirds. Some ways that child mortality rates can be reduced are 
Immediate and exclusive breastfeeding.
Skilled attendants for antenatal, birth, and postnatal care.
Access to nutrition and micronutrients.
Family knowledge of danger signs in a child's health.
Improved access to water, sanitation, and hygiene.
Immunizations.
I  agree with you that this goal by the UN is definitely achievable. The world needs to come together and  take the right steps in order for child mortality rates to be reduced by two thirds. 
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Reply- Fatima B.Habib
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Reply- Fatima B.Habib
I agree that this is a very important goal for the United Nations to achieve. 
Some of your solutions included  raising awareness and donating. Some other goals could include educating family members in signs of danger signs of a child's health, access to skilled medical workers and an improved access to water and hygiene. 
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Reduce Child Mortality (Jessica Kobayashi)
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Reduce Child Mortality (Jessica Kobayashi)
The United Nations goal was to reduce the number of children under the age of 5 by two thirds between the year 1990 to 2015. They were quite successful, as the global under 5 mortality rate has decreased by more than half between those years, dropping down from 90 to 43 deaths per 1000 live births. 
 Globally, the number of under 5 deaths decreased drastically from being 12.7 million in 1990, to halving down to 6.3 million in 2013. 
The UN has reached their initial goal, but there is more that can be done to further improve the issue. 
1. Better immunizations and vaccines made available for less developed countries provided 
2. Access to proper birthing, eg. midwifes, hospital access
3. Access to proper nutrition and clean water for development 
I definitely think this goal can be even further reached. With all the new technology and medical advances, there is so much possible to be done to help improve the infant mortality rate. Yes, it has drastically lessened, but it is still too high. 
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I think this is a very important issue which does require a lot of awareness! I think the UN's steps are adequate, as they are moving in the right directions and their actions are clearly working. I think this needs to be furthered, and raising awareness is a great solution, along with providing funding for additional healthcare. 
-Rhea Agnihotri
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Reduce Child Mortality- Alyssa Reid
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Reduce Child Mortality- Alyssa Reid
The United Nations Goal is to reduce child mortality rates by two thirds which it has been between 1990-2015. This refers to children dying under only 5 years at age. Child mortality rates can increase due to a lack of a nutritious diet, the environment they live in, lack of proper care, lack of financial support or catching illnesses without having the resources to cure it. The UN wants the child mortality rate to decrease so children, no matter where they live, can live their life as long as possible.

Yes, I think it was an achievable goal for the UN to meet because there were many things that could have been improved by simply providing resources that these children need. Many countries, especially in the rural areas, did not have the same access to basic resources. Mothers that were uneducated usually had children that died under the age of 5 more regularly than mothers who were educated. They needed access to nutrition, education on what can cause early child deaths and how to prevent it or seek help, access to vaccines and immunizations and access to clean water and proper hygiene uses. When all of these resources are made affordable and accessible to families, it can reduce the child mortality rate and help families to properly care and protect their children. This easily allows the child to be able to grow up and live as long as possible. This is why I think that this was an achievable goal for the UN.

Since the last two centuries, the UN and other countries have done a lot to continue the rapid progress of reducing the child mortality rate. Between 1800 to 1950 global mortality has halved from around 43% to 22.5%. I do believe that the UN and these countries could have done a better job and a quicker one too. In the past 20 years, it was very common to see children die under the age of 5 as child mortality and fertility rates were very high. Many parents were not educated on the different ways children could die and how young death would catch up to them. They did not have the resources or even knowledge of the resources in order to seek assistance. Even though countries did the bare minimum, more could have been done,

Japan is one country that has implemented these resources to their people. Their child mortality rate is 2.5 deaths per 1000 lives which is one of the lowest in the world. Japan provided maternal-child healthcare handbooks which allowed many women giving birth to be educated on how to protect and nurture their children. They also have universal access to care. Abortion is an option given to women if needed. The government provides financial aid for medical and pediatric complications. Their society is organized to support children and ensure they live a long life and stay as healthy as possible. Japan’s society is equipped with community support and public health education. Japan didn’t always have one of the lowest child mortality rates until they began making changes and improving their health care.

I think some ways of improving the child mortality rates is by educating people in areas that are not as familiar with the topic so we are helping them to help their precious ones. We can provide them with posters, brochures, fliers, basically anything so they can get educated. We can also ensure that resources are available to all families, especially ones living in more rural areas who do not have access to these resources.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8295019/

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Reply(Harmohit Kaur)
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Reply(Harmohit Kaur)
I feel child mortality rate should be reduced. Every parent love their child. It was a time when the mortality rate was need, but the more child will die, all the generation will be old people. The old people are more frequent to die, there will be increase in mortality rate. The reduction in child mortality rate will lead to new more lives and lifespan will be longer as comparable to old aged people.
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Reply - Azariah C
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Reply - Azariah C
This link explains where we currently stand with this goal. 
https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sdgoverview/mdg_goals/mdg4.html 
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Reply- By Ashutosh Kapoor
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Reply- By Ashutosh Kapoor
After reading Azreen's post, I appreciate the efforts made by the UN towards reducing child mortality and also agree that a lot more is still to be done. As mentioned in the post, I do agree that there is a need of raising awareness in the society to reduce child mortality which UN should continue doing as its ongoing goal.  Awareness campaigns in every country should stress upon importance of breastfeeding and teach mothers about best nutrition practices. Awareness about immunizations, need of skilled attendants at the time of birth, postnatal care should all be explained to the families during the campaigns. Digital and mass media campaigns can also prove beneficial for spreading awareness about best practices families should follow to reduce child mortality.
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Goal #5: Improve Maternal Health
Improve Maternal Health - Azariah Cumberbatch
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Improve Maternal Health - Azariah Cumberbatch
The fifth goal of the United Nations was to achieve universal reproductive health by 2015. Between 1990 and 2015, they were also aiming to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three quarters. 

I think this was an achievable goal for the UN to set as modern medicine is becoming more and more advanced each day. Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has been cut almost in half, and most of the reduction has occurred since 2015. However, I do not think that the UN has done enough over the last 2 decades in this area as in 2013, there were still 289,000 maternal-related deaths, and after years of slow progress, only half the amount of pregnant women are receiving the recommended amount of antenatal care. In Afghanistan, UNICEF is strengthening health facilities by providing training and essential newborn care equipment, deploying mobile health outreach teams to isolated areas, and creating specialized maternity "waiting homes and rooms". I don't think that any new targets should be set as these current goals haven't been fully attained yet.
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Improve Maternal Health - Kate Hutchison
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Improve Maternal Health - Kate Hutchison
The United Nations has implemented various goals to achieve better maternal health over the span of 25 years.  The goal was specifically to work to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three quarters.  This resulted in rapid changes in the first ten years, showing the ratio being reduced by about half of what it was originally. An increase in births with support from qualified medical assistance was seen through the transition from 59 percent of births in 1990 to 71 percent in 2014.  

Although the numbers have grown significantly over the past 25 years, it is still significantly important to focus on further growth and development today. In 2015, half of women still did not have access to the suggested amount of antenatal care. The access the these health care resources must increase to ensure the health of both the birth mother and baby. 

ANTENATAL CARE: healthcare received during pregnancy. 

Specific Examples:

MOZAMBIQUE
In many rural areas in Mozambique, women and girls risk facing obstetric fistula which develops during labour that is not addressed with medical attention.   Unfortunately this often results in chronic illnesses for the birth mother and frequently leads to the birth of a stillborn baby.  This illness is directly correlated to the lack of access to medical assistance.   

Through gaining knowledge on the impacts of this ongoing issue, this instills the importance of medical aid to increase maternal health world wide.  Initiatives must be put into place to create safer environments and long term health for those giving birth and their babies.  

To read more about these issues go to: https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/maternal.shtml
 
Watch the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLwoDFQJEq_0Y57bsPH-5zcRnDlXJRz87x&v=ozcoElGuPGg&feature=emb_title
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Improve Maternal Health
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Improve Maternal Health 
The UN noticed  that one of the main reasons of maternal realated health, is lack of neutrition, lack of knowledge and/or help.

They would look at the information they notice and then report, that way people can act in a safe effective manner.

They felt that health conterventions can help control and manage any dort of complications (i.e., care for the mothers weeks before the baby arrives) during the time the professionals would give the mothers tips and guide the mothers in terms of what they should expect. 

From the information WHO has gone through, they have also determinded that one should also have 4+ anetenatal care visits to help the mothers and newborns by giving additional advce and precautions they advise them to follow. 

Finally, they reccomend that everyone has a medical profesional present, that way teh baby will be dilivered properly and many complications are avoided- by getting rid of the 'unknown/unexperianced' aspect of it all. 

They have greatly helped improve the maternal health and it is ovbious. 



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Goal #6: Combat 