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Repetition often leads to an expanding idea in music, creating length for the listeners to focus on the ever-changing story.  It makes the audience think about the question the artist is asking. Ratliff explains that having repetition in music creates a sort of nostalgia for the listeners, bringing them back to a place of good memory. I absolutely agree with Ratliff's argument because the songs we often remember are "catchy" songs which include a series of reciting phrases that echo our emotions towards the song. Ratliff uses a number of examples in this chapter, but one that really stuck out to me was Chic’s “Everybody Dance”. In his analysis, Ratliff describes that song as having a “bubbling disco song with “innocence and much repetition.” He states that the band wanted their songs with a “deep hidden meaning” which Ratliff commends them on doing because, with their approach, Chic manages to call attention to American current events such as racial inequality or the state of the economy. Looking for a song outside of Ratliff’s set list of examples was very easy. I managed to find the epitome of the repetition musical concept. “Happy” by Pharrell Williams. This song is all about repetition from the constant lyric of the word “happy” to the recurring background music. When listeners hear “Happy”, there’s this need to jump up, grab the nearest stranger, and dance the night away. Williams explains that the song “conveys a message that people can use” that’s beyond the music itself.

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An example outside of Ratliff's playlist that still exemplifies repetition 

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An example outside of Ratliff's playlist that still exemplifies repetition 

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This colorful chart shows how much certain artists use repeating lyrics in their songs

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An example of repetition in music shown in musical notation

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"Repetition is a smart psychological operation - a way to make you focus on all that is in fact non repetitive. "
~ Ben Ratliff "Every Song Ever" Chap. 1 pg 14

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"Music is a game between performers and audiences, a loop in which performers hold the upper hand, then audiences, then performers again."
~ Ben Ratliff "Every Song Ever" Chap. 1 pg 19

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"...the valuing of repetition for its own sake has become a shorthand sign of intelligence, not merely a show of avant-garde credentials."
~ Ben Ratliff "Every Song Ever" Chapter 1 pg 21