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Medicaid provides subsidized medical insurance for people who are also on other basic welfare programs.

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Refundable Federal tax credit provided to low income wage earnings to supplement their families incomes and encourage work.

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The supplemental nutrition assistance program helps insure that those that are impoverished are provided food via EBT cards. These cards ensure that the government provided money can only be spent on food.

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Federal program that provides medical benefits to people covered by the SSI and TANF.

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Basic welfare program for low income families in the United States.

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Federal program that provides a uniform nationwide minimum income for the aged, blind, and disabled who are unable to work and do not qualify for social security.

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Federal insurance program that provides health insurance benefits to those older than 65 and the ones that are disabled.

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For example, in the 1930's, some white employers would only hire black workers over white workers if they can hire black workers for a lower price. The declining coefficient of employer discrimination indicate that over time competition decreases discrimination

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System that includes programs that entitle all legal people to receive the benefits set forth in the programs.

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Replace earnings that have been lost due to retirement, unemployment and it provides health insurance for the elderly.

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The percentage of the population living in poverty.

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Greater income equality comes at the opportunity cost of reduced production and income.

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Income is generally the amount of cash you make after a certain amount of time. Wealth, however, is a measurement of an individual's assets. These include stocks, bonds, land, art pieces, etc.

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of regulation states that politicians. supply regulation to those industries which seek it. Once a. industry is a legal cartel, it is guaranteed profitability and. security from competition.

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is an economic theory first developed by Arthur Cecil Pigou that holds that regulation is supplied in response to the demand of the public for the correction of inefficient or inequitable market practices.

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A monopoly that has resulted due to huge amounts economies of scale and not to anticompetitive actions

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hat the act is inherently illegal. Thus, an act is illegal without extrinsic proof of any surrounding circumstances such as lack of scienter (knowledge) or other defenses. Acts are made illegal per se by statute, constitution or case law.

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Merger between different products like iphone and nike shoes

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A merger between the line of production of a specific product like the production of coffe

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A merger between companies that sell the same product

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Microsoft was acused of anticompetitive actions and was ordered by court to break up into smaller companies. They were later compensated with a warning to just not do it anymore which was a behavioral remedy.

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Cellophane was a DuPont Company plastic wrapping material that had its U.S. production restricted to du Pont by numerous patents in the early 1950s. ... du Pont) was decided by the Supreme Court in 1956. Court ruled theywere not a monopoly becasue they only owned 20% of production equiment and not all production equiment.

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Several Justices were forced to disqualify themselves as Alcoa shareholders; hence, the case was adjudicated by the New York Circuit Court of Appeals, led by celebrated jurist Learned Hand. Market definition was a key aspect of the case. They ruled a mere possession of monopoly power meant that they were a monopoly.

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approach by competition authorities or the courts where an attempt is made to evaluate the pro-competitive features of a restrictive business practice against its anticompetitive effects in order to decide whether or not the practice should be prohibited.

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U.S. Steel was acused of monopoly but court ruled no because of the establishment of the rule of reason in which not all monopolies are bad because this company did not engage in anti-competitive actions it simply experienced huge economies of scale.

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Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States found Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey guilty of monopolizing the petroleum industry through a series of abusive and anticompetitive actions.

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Celler–Kefauver Act is a United States federal law passed in 1950 that reformed and strengthened the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 which had amended the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.

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Provide specific goods or services instead of money.

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United States federal law that amended Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act to proscribe “unfair or deceptive acts or practices” as well as “unfair methods of competition.” It provided civil penalties for violations of Section 5 orders.

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denoting a legally enforceable order from a court or government agency directing someone to stop engaging in a particular activity.

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Movement of individuals or households from one income quintile to another over time.

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A measuring tool to measure the overall dispersion of income.

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A graph in which displays the cumulative percentage of total national income.

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The differences found in individuals income or a groups income.

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Many people say that social regulation is necessary and has benefited society greatly. Others believe it is too excessive and makes it economically more difficult for businesses to survive.

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Any merge that is not horizontal or vertical, but a combination of firms in different industries or firms operating in different geographical areas.

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Bolstered by the Wheeler -Lea Act created the Federal Trade Commision and gave it authority to investigate unfair methods of competition and deceptive acts or practices in commerce

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efers to the practice of members of a corporate board of directors serving on the boards of multiple corporations. A person that sits on multiple boards is known as a multiple director.

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When a company forces you to buy something else unrelated to a product in order for you to buy the desired product you were looking for.

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The act created the Federal Trade Commission board. The board investigates violations of anti trust laws and upholds them.

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amendment passed by U.S. Congress in 1914 that provides further clarification and substance to the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 on topics such as price discrimination and price fixing and unfair business practices. The Acts are enforced by the Federal Trade Comission (FTC) and the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ).

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Law that broadly outlawed  a monopoly; prohibits monopolies or unreasonable combinations of companies to restrict or in any way control interstate commerce.

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Is a merge between two competitors that sell similar products in the same geographic market.

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consists of rules identifying permissible and impermissible activity on the part of individuals, firms, or government agencies. Social Regulations are aimed at restricting behaviors that directly threaten public health, safety welfare or well being.

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Regulation is broadly defined as imposition of rules by government, backed by the use of penalties that are intended specifically to modify the economicbehaviour of individuals and firms in the private sector.

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refers to government policy to regulate or break up monopolies in order to promote free competition and attain the benefits that such competition can provide to the economy and to society as a whole.

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When a company purchases and controls all levels of it's own production. This could be like a jewelry store owning a diamond cutting facility, the planes and/or trucks transporting the diamonds, and the diamond mine from which they are dug out of the ground.