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The defeat in war caused the Czar to think that reform was necessary. He then implemented important reforms. He refused to consider an elected parliament but he did bring in political reforms.

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The Bolsheviks were a branch of Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. It was a revolutionary socialist political party that originated in 1898 with the purpose to unite various revolutionary organizations within the Russian Empire into one party.

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The Mensheviks, opponents of the Bolsheviks, were part of the Russian socialist movement. They were the second branch of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, the Bolsheviks being the first. They tended to be more moderate and were more positive towards the liberal opposition and the Socialist Revolutionary Party, which was based on dominant peasants.

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The Bolsheviks and their allies occupied government buildings and other strategic locations in Petrograd, and soon formed a new government with Lenin as its head. Lenin then became the dictator of the world’s first communist state.

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Karl Marx was a Russian philosopher, economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His idea of communism helped sculpt what is now much of society and multiple governments as well. Although it caused a lot of debate, from an academic perspective, it contributed to the beginning of modern sociology.

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Lenin was the leader of the socialist Bolshevik party which meant that he wanted the Russian Revolution happen in order to seize power which he did in the October phase in of the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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After the Czar had stepped down in 1917, Prince George Lvov led the provisional government. Alexander Kerensky was appointed Minister of Justice and introduced a series of Reforms.

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Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin battled for power. When past leader Lenin passed away, Stalin became leader of the USSR. Trotsky was against Stalin’s policies, so called for a world revolution that would result in taking apart the Soviet state. In response, Stalin and his supporters used a propaganda counterattack against Trotsky. Trotsky was removed from his post and in January of 1928 was deported and put into internal exile for year before being completely banned altogether from the USSR by Stalin. He was later killed by Spanish Communist Ramon Mercader.

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The involvement caused the Czar to give up his throne because Russia didn't have enough troops to go into war.

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The Russian Revolution was caused because of the collapse of the Tsar Nicholas ll and the rise of Lenin and the Bolsheviks. The series of wars caused suffering to the economy and Russia's government.

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The Russian army was the largest in Europe, it had defeated Napoleon, but it was poorly trained, under supplied, inadequately equipped, and unprepared.  Peasant soldiers in the Russian armies lost their will to fight and began to desert.  The czar had to deal with domestic discontent and internal resistance.  There was a militant labor movement and a rebellious urban population.  City dwellers coped with inflation and agrarian shortages of food, grains, and fuel.