# data[].attributes.body
WRITE YOUR TITLE HERE

(1)Choose a topic you like. Type the title in the space above.       (2) Do an online search. Choose a SHORT article which you understand and enjoy reading.
(3) TYPE the information in the Padlet you create.
(4) NAME the source you take the information from.
(5) Choose a VIDEO from Youtube. (Go to share, copy the address and paste it here).
(6) Choose an IMAGE you. Save it on your desktop. Then, upload it in your Padlet.
(7) Post your Padlet here.

(8) Do not repeat the topics. There are a lot for you to choose from.

I have created THREE samples for your to refer to.

# data[].attributes.body
The Great Sphinx is a stone monument built about 4000 years ago, in ancient times. It is located on the Giza Plateau in Egypt. It was carved out of limestone with a human face on a lion's body.

The ancient Egyptians were sun worshipers. The ancient Egyptian word for sphinx means the "living image of Atum". Atum is the creator god and the setting sun. So the Sphinx was probably built to honor the Egyptian sun god, Re.

Some archaeologists believe the Sphinx is part of a set of monuments built to create a very special place of worship. These monuments include the Great Pyramid, the Sphinx, the Causeway, and the Valley Temple, all of which can be found on the Giza Plateau.

SOURCE : http://egypt.mrdonn.org/sphinx.html

VIDEO : https://youtu.be/y8x7zKy2U5E

PICURE

# data[].attributes.body
The ancient Egyptians had a unique writing system now known as hieroglyphs. These are the little pictures that most people associate with Egyptian writing. However, the ancient Egyptians had two other scripts they used as well.

Hieroglyphics were typically carved on walls, tombs, monuments and other places made of stone or brick. They were primarily learned and used by priests and scribes. The latter went through special training to learn hieroglyphics.

The hieroglyphics used pictures to represent both sounds and words. For example, the eye symbol could literally mean "eye" or it could mean the letter "I". A picture of an arm might mean "arm" or it might mean "strength."

Hieroglyphs could also be written in any order, from left to right or up to down or the opposite. It was up to the reader to figure out which way it needed to be read based on the direction of the symbols.

SOURCE :
http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/hieroglyphics-for-kids.html

VIDEO :
https://youtu.be/KNvL6Rb_5PY

PICTURE

# data[].attributes.body
The ancient Egyptians created many things that we use in today's modern world. They were master craftsman, mathematicians, builders, scientists and many more.

View the video to find out more.

VIDEO :
https://youtu.be/KdtgX9ORiW4

PICTURE

# data[].attributes.body
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/_E77WPW0vWw

KIDS' ANIMATED HISTORY EGYPT

It is very interesting to watch this video because so many things can be learned about Ancient Egypt.
1. Pyramids, the most famous symbol of ancient Egypt which were actually tombs for the Pharaohs (rulers) with a lot of treasures.
2. The Sahara Desert, the biggest hot desert in the world which would also protect them from any attacks from enemies.
3. The Nile River, one of the largest rivers in the world which overflows too much when it is the rainy season but it makes the soil very good for farming after the flood is gone. The nomads (wanderers) started building homes near the Nile River. This is how Ancient Egypt was born. Because of the Nile River, farming with irrigation and trade started the Egyptian civilization.
4. The social pyramid is a group of different people with different importance, such as the Pharaohs (rulers), the Priests (performs offerings & rituals),
the Scribes (writers who used hieroglyphics), the Soldiers (protectors of Egypt & conquerors), the Traders and Craftsmen, the Peasants and the Slaves.
5. Egyptian art will always have wall drawings that tell how they live.
6. Egyptian science -- from the Egyptians, the study of the stars was learned because they have many astronomers and scientists. They made the 365-day calendar.
7. Imhotep, founder of Egyptian medicine, high priest and 1st known architect in history.
8. Papyrus is an early form of paper where notes from medicine were written down.
9. Mummification, the way they preserve the dead.
10. Rosetta Stone, a carved black stone tablet that tells about the history of ancient Egypt.
11. Tutankhamun tomb which was discovered by Howard Carter, which was believed to be cursed after it was opened.
12. Cleopatra was the last Pharaoh of ancient Egypt who fell in love with Marc Anthony who lost to the Roman Empire.
The end of the Egyptian empire started because many of the Pharaohs have been fighting among each other while others have also invaded Egypt until they lost. But even when the empire has fallen, the Egyptians have given us so many things in history.

THE GODS & GODDESSES OF ANCIENT EGYPT
1. Amun was the ancient Egyptian god of the air, sun and the sky.
2. Anubis was the god of the dead.
3. Horus was the god of the sky who lost his eye in a fight.
4. Ra was the sun god.
5. Thoth was the god of wisdom, knowledge and hieroglyphs.
6. Osiris was the god of death, the Underworld and Rebirth.
7. Isis was the goddess of protection and healing.
8. Seth was the god of chaos and darkness.
9. Sekhmet was the goddess of war.
10. Ptah was the god of creation and craftsmen.
11. Hathor was the goddess of love.
12. Nephthys was the goddess of mourning.

There were still so many more of the gods and goddesses but the 12 are the most famous in ancient Egypt.

# data[].attributes.body
Black Ink
The Egyptians mixed vegetable gum, soot and bee wax to make black ink.

The Ox-drawn Plough
Using the power of oxen to pull the plough revolutionised agriculture and modified versions of this Egyptian invention are still used by farmers in developing countries around the world.

The Sickle
The sickle is a curved blade used for cutting and harvesting grain, such as wheat and barley.

Irrigation
The Egyptians constructed canals and irrigation ditches to harness Nile river’s yearly flood and bring water to distant fields.

Shadoof
The Shadoof is a long balancing pole with a weight on one end and a bucket on the other. The bucket is filled with water and easily raised then emptied onto higher ground.

The Calendar
The Egyptians devised the solar calendar by recording the yearly reappearance of Sirius (the Dog Star) in the eastern sky.

Clocks

In order to tell the time Egyptians invented two types of clock. Obelisks (sun clocks) and a water clock made from a stone vessel with a tiny hole at the bottom which allowed water to dripped at a constant rate.

The Police
During the Old and Middle Kingdoms order was kept by local officials with their own private police forces. During the New Kingdom a more centralized police force developed, made up primarily of Egypt’s Nubian allies, the Medjay. They were armed with staffs and used dogs.

Surgical Instruments
The Edwin Smith Papyrus shows the Egyptians invented medical surgery. It includes a list of instruments used during surgeries with instructions for the suturing of wounds using a needle and thread. This list includes lint, swabs, bandage, adhesive plaster, surgical stitches and cauterization.

Wigs
During the hot summers many Egyptians shaved their heads to keep them clean and prevent pests such as lice.

Cosmetic Makeup
The Egyptian invented eye makeup as far back as 4000 B.C. They combined soot with a lead mineral called galena to create a black ointment known as kohl. They also made green eye makeup by combining malachite with galena to tint the ointment.

Toothpaste
At the 2003 dental conference in Vienna, dentists sampled a replication of ancient Egyptian toothpaste. Its ingredients included powdered of ox hooves, ashes, burnt eggshells and pumice.

https://discoveringegypt.com/ancient-egyptian-inventions/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u81sSziTt4U

# data[].attributes.body
A Sphinx is a mythological creature with the body of a lion and the head of a person. In Ancient Egypt a lot of times the head was that of a pharaoh or a god. The most famous Sphinx is the Great Sphinx of Giza. It is one of the largest and oldest statues in the world. Archeologists believe that it was carved around 2500 BC and  that the head  is meant to be the likeness of the Pharaoh Khafra. The Great Sphinx faces the sunrise and guards the pyramid tombs of Giza. Over the past 4500 years weather and erosion have taken their toll on the Great Sphinx. It is really amazing that so much of it is left for us to see. the original Sphinx would have looked a lot different. After the Sphinx was build, over the coarse of the next 1000 years it fell to disrepair. The entire body was covered in sand and only the head could be seen. Legend has that  a young prince named Thutmose fell asleep near the head of the Sphinx. He had a dream where he was told that if he restored the Sphinx he would become  Pharaoh of Egypt. Thutmose restored the Sphinx and later became Pharaoh of Egypt.

SOURCE:
http://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_egypt/great_sphinx.php

VIDEO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrNE_0sDOKI

# data[].attributes.body
The Great Pyramid of Giza ( also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of three pyramid in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now EI Giza Egypt. it is the oldest  of the seven wonders of the Ancient World,and the only one to remain largely intact
this complex of ancient  monument includes the three pyramid complexes known as the great pyramid ,the massive sculpture known as the Great Sphinx, several cemeteries, worker village and  industrial complex . it is located  in the Libyan Desert,approximately 9 km (5 mi) west of the  Nile river at the old town of Giza and about  13 km (8 mi) southwest of Cairo city center.
the pyramid, which have historically loomed large as emblems of ancient Egypt in the western imagination were popular in hellenistic times the great pyramid was listed Antipater of Sidon as one of the  seven wonder of the  world. it is by far  the  oldest of the ancient Wonders and the only one still in existence
https://youtu.be/ZWqrwutNMEQ

# data[].attributes.body
The Egyptian hieroglyphic was one of the writing systems used by ancient Egyptians to represent their language. Because of their pictorial elegance, Herodotus and other important Greeks believe that Egyptian Hieroglyphs were something sacred, so they referred to them as 'holy writing'. Thus, the word hieroglyphs come from the Greek hiero ‘holy’ and glypho 'writing’ .  In the Ancient Egyptian language, hieroglyphs were called medu netjer, ‘the gods’ words’ as it was believed that writing was an invention of the gods.
The script was composed of three basic types of signs: logograms, representing words; phonograms, representing sounds; and determinatives, placed at the end of the word to help clarify its meaning. As a result, the number of signs used by the Egyptians was much higher compared to alphabetical systems, with over a thousand different hieroglyphics in use initially and later reduced to about 750 during the Middle Kingdom( 2055-1650 BCE).

Origin of Egyptian Hieroglyphs

Like most ancient Scripts, the origin of Egyptian hieroglyphs is poorly understood. There are, however, several hypotheses that has been put forth. One of the most convincing views claims that they derive from rock pictures produced by prehistoric hunting communities living in the desert west of the Nile, who were apparently familiar with the concept communicating by means of visual imagery. Some of the motifs depicted on these rock images are also found on pottery vessels of early Pre-dynastic cultures in Egypt.This is especially marked during the Naqada II period (c. 3500-3200 BCE). The vessels were buried in tombs, and it is also in tombs of the Naqada III/ Dynasty 0 period (c. 3200-3000 BCE) that the earliest securely dated examples of Egyptian hieroglyphs have been found.  In Abydos' cemetery U, tomb j, a member of the local elite was buried around 3100 BCE. He was a wealthy man, probably a ruler, and he was buried with several goods, including hundreds of jars, an ivory sceptre and other items. Many of these objects were looted and we know about them due to the approximately 150 surviving labels, which contain the earliest known writing in Egypt.

Material form and use of the Hieroglyphs.
The labels found in the Abydos U-j tomb were carved on small rectangles made of wood or ivory with a hole in their corners so they could be attached to different goods. Other inscribed surfaces such as ceramic, metal and stone (both flakes and stelae) are also known from early royal tombs.

Papyrus, the chief portable writing medium in Egypt, appears during the first dynasty (c. 3000-2890 BCE): the earliest surviving example we know of comes from a blank roll found in the Tomb of Hemaka, an official of King Den. Egyptian scribes used papyrus and other alternative writing surfaces, including writing boards generally made of wood. Until the end of the Eighteenth dynasty (1550-1295 BCE), these boards were covered with a layer of white plaster which could be washed and replastered, providing a convenient reusable surface. Examples of clay tablets, a popular medium in Mesopotamia, dating to the late Old Kingdom (2686-2160 BCE) were found in the Dakhla Oasis, an area far away from the various locations where papyrus was produced. Bone, metal and leather were other type of materials used for writing. Surviving inscriptions on leather dating back to the New Kingdom (1550-1069 BCE) have also been found, but the preservation of leather is poor compared to papyrus, so there is no certainty about how extensively leather was used.

SOURCE:
https://www.ancient.eu/Egyptian_Hieroglyphs/

VIDEO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFpuQ62_yhY

# data[].attributes.body
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmR5od6yaTg
Article:
https://discoveringegypt.com/ancient-egyptian-gods-and-goddesses/

Ancient Egyptian Gods and Goddesses:
For people from ancient times, the world was full of mystery. What they most experienced was strange, frightening things. Ancient Egyptians make gods and worship them to represent their surroundings.

For Example Anubis is the Protector of the dead (Demon). Seth is The Wicked god (Demon) .Ra is The Sun god (god). He’s a very powerful god since Egypt is very hot. Ammut is the devourer of the dead (Demon).

Two of the Most IMPORTANT Gods are Isis and Osiris. Osiris is the Husband of Isis and the ruler of the underworld. The Egyptians believed that Iris raised Osiris from the dead. Isis is Mother of Gods (goddesses).