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Staged photo but still cool

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- Propaganda: Newspapers and posters
- Intelligence gathering for allies
- Preparing for Allied invasion
- Organised sabotage of infrastructure
- Rescue and escape of prisoners and Jews
- Symbolic gestures
- Labour strikes

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The French government, after having asked for an armistice, now knows the conditions dictated by the enemy.
The result of these conditions would be the complete demobilisation of the French land, sea, and air forces, the surrender of our weapons and the total occupation of French territory. The French government would come under German and Italian tutelage.
It may therefore be said that this armistice would not only be a capitulation, but that it would also reduce the country to slavery. Now, a great many Frenchmen refuse to accept either capitulation or slavery, for reasons which are called: honour, common sense, and the higher interests of the country.
I say honour, for France has undertaken not to lay down arms save in agreement with her allies. As long as the allies continue the war, her government has no right to surrender to the enemy.
The Polish, Norwegian, Belgian, Netherlands, and Luxemburg governments, though driven from their territories, have thus interpreted their duty. I say common sense, for it is absurd to consider the struggle as lost. True, we have suffered a major defeat. We lost the battle of France through a faulty military system, mistakes in the conduct of operations, and the defeatist spirit shown by the government during recent battles.
But we still have a vast empire, our fleet is intact, and we possess large sums in gold. We still have allies, who possess immense resources and who dominate the seas. We still have the gigantic potentialities of American industry. The same war conditions which caused us to be beaten by 5,000 planes and 6,000 tanks can tomorrow bring victory by means of 20,000 tanks and 20,000 planes.

I say the higher interests of the country, for this is not a Franco-German war to be decided by a single battle. This is a world war. No one can foresee whether the neutral countries of today will not be at war tomorrow, or whether Germany's allies will always remain her allies. If the powers of freedom ultimately triumph over those of servitude, what will be the fate of a France which has submitted to the enemy?
Honour, common sense, and the interests of the country require that all free Frenchmen, wherever they be, should continue the fight as best they may.
It is therefore necessary to group the largest possible French force wherever this can be done. Everything which can be collected by way of French military elements and potentialities for armaments production must be organised wherever such elements exist.
I , General de Gaulle, am undertaking this national task here in England.
I call upon all French servicemen of the land, sea, and air forces; I call upon French engineers and skilled armaments workers who are on British soil, or have the means of getting here, to come and join me.
I call upon the leaders, together with all soldiers, sailors, and airmen of the French land, sea, and air forces, wherever they may now be, to get in touch with me.
I call upon all Frenchmen who want to remain free to listen to my voice and follow me.
Long live free France in honour and independence!

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Chief of Staff to US president talks about France and De Gaulle

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Chief of Staff to US president talks about France and De Gaulle

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23 Aug 1939: Non aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union
1 Sept 1939: Germany invades Poland, starting WWII
18 Jun 1940: De Gaulle calls French people to resist Germany
22 Jun 1940: French Armistice with Germany after defeat
22 Jun 1941: Germany attacks Russia, breaking Nazi soviet pact
2 Jan 1942: Jean Moulin parachutes into France
8 Nov 1942: Allies land in French North Africa
11 Nov 1942: Germany invades Free Zone
14-24 Jan 1943: Casablanca conference between allied leaders
8 Jul 1943: Jean Moulin dies after being arrested by Gestapo
6 Jun 1944: D-Day: Allied landings in France
16 Aug 1944: Free French division land on French soil
25 Aug 1944: Paris Liberated by allied forces and resistance
May 7 1944: Germany surrenders

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- 500,000 men captured by Germany
- Women took many "men's" roles
- Women less suspicious as couriers and liason agents
- Female resisters "rarely bore arms"
- Women initially ignored but began to be acknowledged post-war
- Recently remains of two famous female resisters honoured and placed in Panthéon alongside other resisters: Geneviève de Gaulle and Germaine Tillion

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- Nazi-Soviet pact meant communist party was pro-Vichy and so communists were conflicted
-Communist group assassinated German officer as the first act of violent resistance
- Communists, alongside Jews persecuted by Germany and Vichy regime
- Communists united against Germany after invasion of Russia
- Communist party major force after liberation

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- Jewish people were in more danger from Germans
- Resistance often involved helping Jews escape
- Jewish businesses put out of business and thousands were deported to concentration camps
- Zionist attitudes arose in resistance groups and surfaced after the war
- "To survive was itself to fight"
- Jewish role as victims emphasised after greater understanding of the holocaust
- 6 million deaths inescapable fact of the war, but thousands were saved by resistance movements and escape lines into neutral countries

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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Vichy_France_Map.jpg/1200px-Vichy_France_Map.jpg

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Resistance:  Resistance “meant refusing to accept the French bid for armistice and the German Occupation, and willingness to do something about it that broke rules and courted risk.”
Guerrilla warfare: A small group of combatants such as armed civilians using military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.
SOE: Special Operations Executive; UK organisation responsible for parachuting agents and weapons into France and other European countries
Boche: Derogatory slang for Germans and German soldiers
Armée Secrète: Resistance group consisting of many ordinary people who were secretly prepared to fight with the allies after D-Day
Free Zone/Occupied Zone: France was divided in two, between the German-controlled occupied zone, and the collaborationist Vichy regime
Maquis: " The French word for Corsican underbrush, where bandits could hide out from police." Referred to resistance groups that employed guerilla warfare.
Vichy Regime: Government of the unoccupied zone of France, led by Marshal Pétain and based in town Vichy
Charles de Gaulle: Leader of the Free French resistance movement outside of France and later, the figurehead of resistance movements.
Philippe Pétain: Leader of Vichy regime and revered general who held the respect of most citizens for most of the war.
Jean Moulin: Member of the Free French instrumental in uniting the resistance movements under de Gaulle.
Zionism: Jewish movement calling for the Jewish people to migrate to Palestine to set up a Jewish nation

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- http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/resistance-movements/the-french-resistance/
- http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/resistance-movements/special-operations-executive/
- Fighters in the Shadows (2015) Robert Gildea
- http://www.bbc.com/news/10339678
- Resistance! Occupied Europe and its defiance of Hitler (2000) D.A Lande
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Resistance
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/what-to-read/the-forgotten-women-of-the-french-resistance/
https://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007738

Visuals
https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc471/
http://www.fecielo.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/map-of-france.jpg
http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0622.html
http://trove.nla.gov.au/

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- Resistance became a way to reclaim national pride after  the embarassment of 1940
- Focus shifted over time, between patriotism, popular revolution and ideology
- The role of foreigners and women initially reduced
- De Gaule gained power and took control of the resistance narrative
- Collaboration with Nazi regime described to be the work of a "few scoundrels", rather than the widespread Pétainism that existed at the time

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CAUSE
- Nazi invasion, defeat and occupation of France
- Desire to support allies, oppose Nazis or liberate homeland
- 4 days before armistice Charles de Gaulle called upon French people to resist
- Armistice with Germany crippled France, mirroring WW1 Armistice

CONSEQUENCE
- Very many lives saved by resistance members
- Germany's war effort made more difficult due to sabotage
- Allied forces in France after D-Day significantly supported (worth 100,000-150,000 soldiers according to Eisenhower)

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French identity dominated by:
- Successes at holding off Germans in WWI
- National spirit from French Revolution
- France stuck in the tactics of the past
- The Maginot Line was a major defense that the Germans ignored

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Posters and newspapers were used by resistance movements to spread the word of anti-Naziism and anti-Petainism

Key Symbols
French Tricoloure: The famous French flag with red, white and blue stripes represents the French patriotism present during the resistance and the nationalism associated with it

German soldier: The soldier in the visual represents the German military oppression of France

Choking Hands: The choking hands represent the resistance's effect on the Germans. It especially references the acts of sabotage that hindered the German armies