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by Alice Walker

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100 years of the best journalism by women

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Examines key events of the 20th century, with each title outlining the lead-up and aftermath, exploring the issues at stake, and introducing leaders and key figures.

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How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women

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Issues and Arguments

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Journal Article

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Fewer, Younger, but Increasingly Powerful: 

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Fewer, Younger, but Increasingly Powerful: 

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How Portrayals of Women, Age, and Power Have Changed from 2002 to 2016 in the 50 Top-Grossing U.S. Films

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View in Library Catalogue

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How we talk about ourselves matters. How we think about ourselves matters more. The words we use can either limit our success or unlock our potential. And these 75 empowering words will help you do just that.

After all, today is the day to cast aside self doubt! And now is the time to look beyond your fears. Choose to indulge the power of positivity with us.

You are a badass. You are strong. You are amazing. And you are capable of wonderful things.

By using these empowering words each day, you can boost your morale and strengthen your confidence (or even help another woman find hers).

We hope you never lose sight of how amazing you are. And that you always look to your strengths to see your true value. Self-confidence is key for women and girls to achieve their potential. And we're here with the tools, motivation, and tips to make sure your confidence is forever strong.

So let us know which adjectives you find most empowering and which words bring you the greatest boost.

Also be sure to spread the inspiration by passing this list along to any of the amazing women and girls you'd like to lift up.

(And don't forget to check out our Shop for great ways to add inspiration and motivation all around you.

"Always remember, you are braver than you believe, stronger than you seem, smarter than you think, and loved more than you know" Christopher Robin

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75 Empowering Words for Women and Girls - REBEL GIRL GIFTS

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How we talk about ourselves matters. How we think about ourselves matters more. The words we use can either limit our success or unlock our potential. And these 75 empowering words will help you do just that. After all, today is the day to cast aside self doubt!

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#ChooseToChallenge #IWD2021 poem by Sharena Lee Satti

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Even if anxious, scared or alone.

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HOW TO SPEAK UP even if scared anxious and alone - #choosetochallenge

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#IWD2021​ #ChooseToChallenge​ poem by Aminah Rahman

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We should all be Feminists

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We should all be feminists | Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie | TEDxEuston

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Theme: Women in leadership: Achieving an equal future in a COVID-19 world.

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UN Women announces the theme for International Women's Day, 8 March 2021 (IWD 2021) as, "Women in leadership: Achieving an equal future in a COVID-19 world."

The theme celebrates the tremendous efforts by women and girls around the world in shaping a more equal future and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.

It is also aligned with the priority theme of the 65th session of the Commission on the Status of Women, "Women's full and effective participation and decision-making in public life, as well as the elimination of violence, for achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls", and the flagship Generation Equality campaign, which calls for women's right to decision-making in all areas of life, equal pay, equal sharing of unpaid care and domestic work, an end all forms of violence against women and girls, and health-care services that respond to their needs.

Women stand at the front lines of the COVID-19 crisis, as health care workers, caregivers, innovators, community organizers and as some of the most exemplary and effective national leaders in combating the pandemic. The crisis has highlighted both the centrality of their contributions and the disproportionate burdens that women carry.

Women leaders and women's organizations have demonstrated their skills, knowledge and networks to effectively lead in COVID-19 response and recovery efforts. Today there is more acceptance than ever before that women bring different experiences, perspectives and skills to the table, and make irreplaceable contributions to decisions, policies and laws that work better for all.

Majority of the countriesthat have been more successful in stemming the tide of the COVID-19 pandemic and responding to its health and broader socio-economic impacts, are headed by women. For instance, Heads of Government in Denmark, Ethiopia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, New Zealand and Slovakia have been widely recognized for the rapidity, decisiveness and effectiveness of their national response to COVID-19, as well as the compassionate communication of fact-based public health information.

Yet, women are Heads of State and Government in only 20 countries worldwide.[ 1]

In addition to persistent pre-existing social and systemic barriers to women's participation and leadership, new barriers have emerged with the COVID-19 pandemic. Across the world women are facing increased domestic violence, unpaid care duties, unemployment and poverty. Despite women making up a majority of front-line workers, there is disproportionate and inadequate representation of women in national and global COVID-19 policy spaces.

To uphold women's rights and fully leverage the potential of women's leadership in pandemic preparedness and response, the perspectives of women and girls in all of their diversity must be integrated in the formulation and implementation of policies and programmes in all spheres and at all stages of pandemic response and recovery.

Additional information related to the United Nations Observance of IWD 2021 will be made available on UN Women's website closer to the date. The hashtags for social media will be #IWD2021 and #InternationalWomensDay.

Notes

[1] As of 8 November 2020. These data are compiled by UN Women based on information from UN Permanent Missions; only elected Heads of State are taken into consideration

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International Women's Day 2021 theme - "Women in leadership: Achieving an equal future in a COVID-19 world"

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UN Women announces the theme for International Women's Day, 8 March 2021 (IWD 2021) as, "Women in leadership: Achieving an equal future in a COVID-19 world."

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World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

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World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

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Partner with WAGGGS for International Women's Day

"At WAGGGS we want to build partnerships with organisations that are truly aligned to our vision of a gender equal world. We want to work with partners to invest in girls, and young women, who are changing their own lives and their communities for the better." - Imogen Fitzpatrick, Head of Strategic Partnerships, WAGGGS

If you would like to get in touch to see how we can work together across International Women's Day 2021 and beyond please contact:

Imogen Fitzpatrick | Head of Strategic Partnerships

Donate to our IWD fundraising appeal

By fundraising for us, you will empower girls and young women to become leaders, and to learn to stand up for themselves and what they believe is right. You will fund the creation of life-changing programmes, developed on a global scale, addressing the biggest priorities for girls and young women, from climate change to period poverty and gender-based violence. You will give the 10 million girls and young women of our global Movement a better chance of realising the equal future they all deserve.

Choose to donate your IWD fundraising efforts to WAGGGS.

Join our International Women's Day girl-led event.

Join us on Sunday 7 March 2021 at 2pm (GMT) for our exciting "Listen to Girls" event. Young women from across our Movement will challenge decision-makers to listen to them. It will be hosted in four languages and we will be launching a surprise. Curious about what it can be?

Save the date in your calendar (March 7, 2pm GMT) and share the invitation within your networks.

Get involved on social media
International Women's Day 2021
With this year's IWD theme set as #ChooseToChallenge, we will be celebrating women and girls in our Movement who have Chosen to Challenge things that are unjust and unfair in the world around them.

Follow our campaign on social media from the 23 February - 8 March and share their incredible stories of bravery and activism.

Choose to Challenge with us.
Use the IWD communications pack and communications assets
Please find our dedicated communications pack for our Member Organisations to use here. This is a downloadable PDF with messaging, sample social media posts, and guidance to help encourage participation in International Women's Day. We have also produced IWD communications assets and an IWD specific press release template for Member Organisations.

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Girl Guides and Girl Scouts celebrate International Women's Day 2021

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Partner with WAGGGS for International Women's Day "At WAGGGS we want to build partnerships with organisations that are truly aligned to our vision of a gender equal world. We want to work with partners to invest in girls, and young women, who are changing their own lives and their communities for the better."

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Woman Who inspires women in business to recognise their achievements, celebrate them and become local women in business role models to inspire others.

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Woman Who inspires women in business to recognise their achievements, celebrate them and become local women in business role models to inspire others.

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We want women to have fairer opportunities in the workplace, and to be safe from harm at home and in society.

At all levels, women still experience disproportionate inequalities in jobs, pay, health, education, and access to finance, even though, ironically, they usually have the responsibility for the bulk of caring and household decisions.

If other layers are added, such as race, disability, age, or sexual orientation, women from minority groups face even greater challenges.

When women thrive, we all do. Join us.

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About IWC | Inspiring Women Changemakers

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We want women to have fairer opportunities in the workplace, and to be safe from harm at home and in society. At all levels, women still experience disproportionate inequalities in jobs, pay, health, education, and access to finance, even though, ironically, they usually have the responsibility for the bulk of caring and household decisions.

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Today, 64 million girls are working.

And 24 more girls are married every minute.

Girls who should be in school. Or playing with friends.

In school for every period

Traditionally, girls in Uganda, like Dorcas, 15, had to miss school whenever their periods came. Hygiene difficulties and bullying meant some girls even dropped out of school altogether. But now, as part of their Life Skills club, girls and boys are sewing reusable sanitary pads. Dorcas and her friends can go to school every day now - and the boys are much more understanding.

Sign-up to hear more about our work with vulnerable children.
FIND OUT MORE

Empowering girls, changing futures

When a girl is educated - and empowered to know their rights - she's twice as likely to send her own children to school.
Girls with eight or more years of education are four times less likely to be married young.
With your support, girls can build a future to look forward to and enjoy opportunities they could once only dream of. We actively empower girls and women throughout our work, fighting against discrimination, abuse and oppression. We work together with community leaders, teachers, families and girls themselves, to provide support and awareness ensuring they have equal access to education, skills, opportunities, choice and the promise of a brighter future.

Education

Education is the key to unlocking girls' potential and creating brighter futures; not only for themselves, but also their families and future generations.

We aim to see girls able to go to school, on time, safely. And to be supported well, both in school and at home.

Our IGATE project in Zimbabwe has helped 48,997 girls get a better education so far - by working with the whole communtiy, challenging gender assumptions, building school toilets and providing bikes.

Protection

We work with mother - and fathers - to train, inform and support them, to support their daughters. We highlight girls' rights and the importance of education, while also making parents aware of the damage that child marriage and FGM can do to their girls'.

One of our children's forums in Bangladesh has already been able to stop 22 child marriages.

Join us - empower girls to transform the future

Sign-up below to get updates about World Vision's work straight into your inbox.

Plus, be among the first to hear about new opportunities to stand with the most vulnerable children in the world.

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We actively empower girls and women throughout our work, fighting against discrimination, abuse and oppression. We work together with community leaders, teachers, families and the girls themselves, to provide support and awareness ensuring they have equal access to healthcare, education and the promise of a brighter future.

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World Education improves the quality of life through education for half a million children and adults in 20 countries

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World Education champions the empowerment of women and girls around the world. For 65 years, girls and women in the poorest and most vulnerable communities in more than 50 countries have been learning and excelling through World Education's basic education, health, and economic development programs.

When girls and women are empowered through education, they have the knowledge and skills to advocate for themselves and their communities, accomplish their goals, and live healthier and more fulfilled lives.

Here are 10 examples of how World Education and its Bantwana Initiative empower girls and women through education in communities worldwide.

Around the world, 246 million girls and boys experience school-related violence every year. In Mozambique, World Education's Bantwana Initiative has established school and community-based empowerment clubs that provide girls with education about HIV prevention, reproductive health, leadership, life skills, and how to report abuse. The clubs enable girls to feel safe in their learning environments and encourage school attendance.

In Tanzania, intimate partner violence (IPV) affects 44% of married women. The World Education Bantwana Initiative Utu Jinsia program ("Dignity and Gender" in Swahili) will ensure that survivors of intimate partner violence get the support they need and deserve. The program aims to decrease the frequency of intimate partner violence, encourage women to take a stand against IPV, and positively shift harmful social norms that perpetrate IPV.

Survivors of GBV need the support of their communities. In Zimbabwe, World Education's Bantwana Initiative implemented a case management program to encourage local point people to refer GBV cases to the appropriate services. More than 17,000 children and 21,237 adults now have access to legal and health services surrounding GBV, and more than 900 cases of GBV have been reported.

In Swaziland, women under 24 years of age are three times more likely to contract HIV than men. Until recently, there was no formal education for HIV prevention for the world's highest HIV prevalence population.

The Bantwana Initiative worked with Swaziland's Ministry of Education and Training and UNICEF to bring HIV prevention education to all secondary school classrooms in the country, and ultimately reach 80,000 young women and girls each year.

Women and girls must have the ability to speak up about their rights in order to live safe and healthy lives. However, many girls do not feel comfortable expressing their concerns within their communities.

In Cambodia, World Education is empowering girls through education and leadership opportunities to advocate for their rights and address issues facing their communities. For Chhoun, returning to school through a World Education program gave her the training and confidence she needed to speak out against intimate partner violence in her village.

A girl who survives violence is at risk of diminished self-esteem, which can have serious consequences on her well-being. Bantwana Initiative partner, Girls Legacy, introduced Zvipo, a cartoon adolescent girl who speaks with other girls about sensitive topics in a series of videos broadcasted on TV, online, and through WhatsApp. Zvipo reassures girls to be confident, and tells them that they are valuable, smart, and important within their communities.

Though there has been progress in global HIV response, as many as 7,000 new infections among females ages 15-24 occur each week in Eastern and Southern Africa.

In Mozambique, the DREAMS program works to reduce incidence among adolescent girls and young women by 40% in Mozambique. The initiative also improves access to health services and increases community mobilization to prevent HIV among adolescent girls and young women.

In Zimbabwe, 27% of women and girls have been forced into sexual intercourse, yet only one in four of those women and girls will seek the care and support they need. Reasons that women do not seek help include a lack of awareness of available services and stigma surrounding sexual violence.

Bantwana Initiative's innovative "Stop the Bus Campaign" provides on-the-spot links to medical, legal, and counseling services for sexual abuse survivors. The "Stop the Bus" campaign raises awareness in communities and brings much needed services for GBV survivors to their communities, eliminating the prohibitive transportation costs of accessing services in urban areas. Over the course of the program, "Stop the Bus" has helped more than 5,960 women and girls gain access to services.

In Swaziland, 22% of girls give birth before the age of 18, and 29% self-report dropping out of school because of pregnancy. Only 13% of young people will complete secondary school, and only 47% of girls even make it to upper secondary school. There are almost no educational opportunities for girls who are young mothers and wives.

The DREAMS program in Swaziland works to change this by creating unique learning experiences for at-risk girls, adolescent wives, and young mothers who cannot make it to school. Through DREAMS, the Bantwana Initiative implements accelerated 'catch up' classes for at-risk young women who have fallen out of the formal education system to ensure they continue learning and encourage them to re-matriculate.

Women and girls who have access to education and possess the skills to be economically independent are empowered to live healthy, productive lives.

The DREAMS program in Zimbabwe aims to build economic resilience and expand education and economic opportunity to 3,000 young women. The program provides resources such as entrepreneurship mentoring, life and employment skills development, vocational skills training, financial literacy, sexual and reproductive health education, and protection services from GBV.
Get involved! Make a donation to support World Education's work empowering girls and women around the world.

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World Education champions the empowerment of women and girls around the world. For 65 years, girls and women in the poorest and most vulnerable communities in more than 50 countries have been learning and excelling through World Education's basic education, health, and economic development programs. When girls and women are empowered through education, they have the knowledge and skills to advocate for themselves and their communities, accomplish their goals, and live healthier and more fulfilled lives.

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Two and a half decades after the historic Beijing women's conference, violence against women and girls still not only common, but accepted

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Malala Yousafzai: Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest Nobel Prize laureate

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Malala Yousafzai: Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest Nobel Prize laureate

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With more than 130 million girls out of school today, she needs your help breaking down the barriers that hold girls back.

Your gift today is an investment in Malala Fund programmes that help girls around the world go to school.

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Learn how Malala began her fight for girls - from an education activist in Pakistan to the youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate - and how she continues her campaign through Malala Fund.

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Lled a high-profile campaign on Afusat Saliu and her daughters' claim for asylum based on the risk of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Nigeria.

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Afusat Saliu and Anj Handa interview with ITV Yorkshire

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Orator for the Industrial Workers of the World (see also Podcasts and Music)

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Published in 1913, 20th Century Social Perspectives, 20th-century / Contemporary History, Features, Issue 4 (July-August 2013), Volume 21

The bitter class warfare witnessed in Dublin in 1913 mirrored a series of similarly vicious struggles in the United States. Meredith Meagher outlines the part played in several of them by the charismatic Irish-American labour leader Elizabeth Gurley Flynn.

On 25 May 1913 Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, an organiser and 'soapboxer' for the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), addressed 25,000 striking silk workers and their supporters at an open-air meeting near Paterson, New Jersey. The 'Silk City' contained over 300 textile mills that employed many immigrants from southern and eastern Europe. Christened the 'Anarchistic Joan of Arc' by the New York Times, the 22-year-old Flynn had already led several strikes across the United States with the IWW (popularly known as the 'Wobblies'). Flynn was awaiting trial for 'inciting riot' along with other prominent Wobblies, including its chieftain, 'Big' Bill Haywood, the notorious Italian anarchist Carlo Tresca and Limerick-born Patrick L. Quinlan. Flynn and the IWW remind us of the international aspect of American labour history-the appeal of the 'girl orator of the Bowery' transcended lines of ethnicity, as well as gender and class. Yet Flynn's life and work-particularly her association with James Connolly-also speak to the Irish dimension of the global phenomenon of industrial unrest in the years prior to the Great War, culminating in events such as the Paterson Strike and the Dublin Lockout.

James Connolly and the ISF
Flynn met James Connolly in 1907 at a meeting of the Socialist Labor Party in New Jersey. At the time, Connolly lived in Newark and worked at the nearby Singer Sewing Machine Company. He organised for the IWW and soon moved to a Bronx flat near Flynn's family. Connolly's ability to inspire multilingual audiences impressed Flynn. Her memoirs describe how Connolly electrified a meeting of Italian socialists, who overlooked his Glaswegian inflection on their native tongue, applauding him with cheers of 'Viva!' Along with Patrick L. Quinlan, Flynn and Connolly founded the Irish Socialist Federation (ISF) in New York in 1907. The ISF declared that it would 'assist the revolutionary working-class movement in Ireland by a dissemination of its literature, educate the working class of this country into a knowledge of Socialist principles and prepare them to cooperate with the workers of all other races, colours and nationalities into the emancipation of Labour'.
The ideals espoused by the ISF echoed the Wobbly cry for 'One Big Union'. After two decades of peak immigration, the 1910 United States census reported approximately 13.5 million foreign-born respondents, about 14.6% of the total population. The IWW courted immigrant workers, excluded by many craft unions and the powerful American Federation of Labor (AFL). The ISF also confronted tensions amongst Irish-Americans related to race and class, and weaved radical socialism into the political network that funnelled ideas, funds and arms across the Atlantic in the name of Irish independence since the mid-nineteenth century.
'No Irish socialists!'
In a 1907 speech, New York City mayor and Democrat George B. McClellan Jr reportedly declared that 'There are Russian socialists and Jewish socialists and German socialists! But, thank God! There are no Irish socialists!' Connolly answered McClellan's challenge on the pages of The Harp, the ISF monthly published between 1908 and 1910. He urged Irish-Americans to shun their historical ties to the Democratic Party and its 'invertebrate Irish middle class politicians' who brandished their ancestry only on election day. Emigration failed to free Irishmen from imperialist exploitation, Connolly argued-Irish longshoremen on the docks in New York still worked for British shipping magnates with offices on nearby Wall Street. He implored his readers to reject their 'aggressive insularity' and organise with 'that Polack, whose advent in the workshop you are taught to view with such disfavor'. Connolly returned to Ireland in 1910, but his blend of socialism and Irish separatism reverberated with Flynn as she recruited for the Wobblies.

Flynn reminded her audiences that they were not strangers to labour struggles in their motherlands, and they must redefine 'Americanism' to meet their demands for economic justice and reflect their growing presence in American society. After the foundation of the ISF, she travelled to Wobbly strongholds in western states, organising in Missoula, Montana, and Spokane, Washington. By 1912 the IWW had gained traction in eastern cities such as Lawrence, Massachusetts, and captivated the mainstream press with its 'revolutionary tactics'. That March, the New York Times published a photo of Flynn under the headline 'The New Socialism that Threatens the Social System' in their exposé of the Wobblies. Times journalist Charles Willis Thompson described how the Wobblies antagonised 'old-fashioned labour organisations' such as the AFL and progressive-minded legislators by denouncing capitalism and party politics.

In her Paterson speech during the prolonged silk workers' strike in May 1913, Flynn proclaimed that 'the newspapers say that a great number of you are going back to work . . . I don't believe it. It is a lie, for neither the English-speaking or the Italian workers are scabs in Paterson'. Labour in the Silk City was split between mostly English-speaking ribbon-weavers and more recent Jewish and Italian arrivals working as silk-weavers and dyers. About a third of Paterson's workforce-men, women and children-had walked off shop floors that February. They opposed the 'speedup system', which increased the output of each weaver without a raise in wages. Other demands included an eight-hour day, a minimum wage of $12 per week (versus the average income of $10 per week) and the elimination of restrictions on union membership. Mill-owners responded by organising a flag day that March, festooning Paterson with stars and stripes to appeal to the patriotism of immigrants to induce them to return to work. In retaliation, the strikers carried signs that read 'We wove the flag, we dyed the flag, we live under the flag, but we won't scab under the flag!'
Pageant in Madison Square Garden
With Paterson only fifteen miles from Manhattan, the IWW readily publicised their activities to mainstream journalists and radicals alike. They criticised police for violating free speech rights by arresting Wobblies for 'inciting to riot' and workers for 'unlawful assemblage' at mass meetings. Approximately 3,000 were arrested during the strike. Flynn coordinated events to expose the situation in Paterson. In April 1913 the IWW launched a scheme to temporarily 'deport' 100 strikers' children to the care of sympathetic families and physicians in New York. On May Day, c. 10,000 men, women and children marched to Paterson city hall to 'call the bluff' of Mayor Andrew McBride, who had promised relief to the needy. The Wobblies organised a pageant in Madison Square Garden on 7 June, where over 1,000 strikers re-enacted events in the Silk City. Fifteen thousand watched this spectacle, featuring a mass funeral procession for slain comrades with red carnations and songs in English, German and Italian. Conceived by Greenwich Village bohemians and labour leaders, the pageant gave the Wobblies exposure but drained their coffers. As Flynn later remarked, 'then came the grand finale-no money'.

Flynn regarded the Paterson strike as a failure, echoing many who witnessed the Dublin Lockout. It ended on 29 July 1913, with a shop-by-shop settlement restricting negotiations to the individual mills. In a speech to the New York Civic Club Forum the following January, Flynn described 'English-speaking conservative elements' in the strike committee as a 'complicating factor' who strained finances and morale. On the Dublin Lockout, Flynn commented: 'In Ireland today there is a wonderful strike going on and they are standing it beautifully. Why? Because they have had half a million dollars since the thirty-first of August (five months) given into the relief fund, and every man that goes on the picket line has food in his stomach and some kind of decent clothes on his back.' She contrasted this with the 'tragedy of the Paterson strike', a 'solid phalanx being cut up into 300 pieces'. Despite her praise for the Dublin strikers, her disappointment would have struck a familiar chord with many in Liberty Hall.

In a song that he wrote for Flynn in 1911, the American labour icon Joe Hill declared that 'The only and thoroughbred lady is the Rebel Girl'. As Hill's lyric suggests, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn offered an alternative American pedigree by promoting the radical Wobbly ideal of 'One Big Union' irrespective of sex, ethnicity or creed. Yet, rather than completely rejecting nationalism in favor of syndicalism and working-class solidarity, she courted the sense of patriotism amongst immigrant workers, just as Connolly had espoused it in his brand of Irish socialism.

The 1913 Lockout is perceived as a prelude to the Easter Rising. Similarly, the activities of Flynn and the IWW presaged the debates over 'Americanism' amongst the foreign-born in the United States on the eve of the Great War. As Flynn described the Paterson strikers, 'they have no more use for the state. To them the Statue of Liberty is personified by the policeman and his club'. HI

Meredith Meagher is a Ph.D candidate in history at the University of Notre Dame.
Read More : The girl orator of the Bowery - Background
Further reading
W.A. Adler, The man who never died: the life, times and legacy of Joe Hill, American labor icon (New York, 2011).
P. Buhl and N. Schulman (eds), Wobblies! A graphic history of the Industrial Workers of the World (London, 2005).
E. Gurley Flynn, The rebel girl: an autobiography (New York, 1973).

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The girl orator of the Bowery: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Ireland and the Industrial Workers of the World

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Published in 1913, 20th Century Social Perspectives, 20th-century / Contemporary History, Features, Issue 4 (July-August 2013), Volume 21 The bitter class warfare witnessed in Dublin in 1913 mirrored a series of similarly vicious struggles in the United States. Meredith Meagher outlines the part played in several of them by the charismatic Irish-American labour leader Elizabeth Gurley Flynn.

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from Suzanne Grayson

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Listen to #ChooseToChallenge on Spotify. International Women's Day 2021 is all about #ChooseToChallenge Keeping with this year's theme, I've been working with nine (9) brilliant women creating a photo series to represent different stereotypes that modern Australian women face.

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from 3markable

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Listen to this episode from 3markable on Spotify. Our first project together is celebrating International Women's Day 2021. We have planned a week to celebrate and promote Women's well-being, female support networks and mentoring and to raise awareness for workplace topics that are close to our heart, pregnancy loss and sexual harassment.

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The Suffrage Interviews:  Oral Evidence on the Suffragette and Suffragist Movements  

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The Suffrage Interviews:  Oral Evidence on the Suffragette and Suffragist Movements  

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More than just about the movement, the collection is a key source for British women’s history of the 20th century.

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London School of Economics and Political Science

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Background to the collection

This is a collection of oral history interviews about the British first wave feminist movement. The interviews were conducted by the historian Brian Harrison between 1974 and 1981, as part of a project funded by the Social Science Research Council (he later extensively used these interviews in his book ' Prudent Revolutionaries: Portraits of British Feminists between the Wars' Oxford University Press 1987). The recordings were deposited with the Women's Library in 1981 and the collection consists of 205 interviews with 183 individuals.

The original aim of the project was to provide material to supplement documentary sources on the Edwardian women's suffrage movement in Britain and to make these interviews available to scholars subsequently working in the field. Interviews were conducted with surviving suffrage campaigners, their relatives and employees. Many of the interviewees talk about their relationships with more famous suffrage leaders such as the Pankhursts, Flora Drummond and Millicent Fawcett.

As the project progressed the scope widened: it extended chronologically to include discussion of the women's movement after full enfranchisement in 1928 and it extended thematically to encompass those who were active in various women's organisations, including international and religious organisations, and to cover wider discussion of women's lives. The interviews are particularly rich in subjects such as politics, trade unionism, international peace activism, women's employment and family life, and the birth-control movement. Taken as a whole, the collection is a key source for British women's history of the 20th century.

One of the most exhilarating sides I found of the women's movement was that it changed us, from the don'ts to the dos. The average girl of my age was always being told you can't do that, you oughtn't to do that; it was a series of constrictions.

Margery Corbett-Ashby

The interviews

Harrison travelled the UK interviewing the women (whom he referred to as his 'informants') in their own homes. He also visited Ireland and conducted one interview in Australia.

The interviews are very much conversations - as you will hear, Harrison interrupts, attempts to clarify, and prompts. You will hear household noises in the background - ticking clocks, birds in the garden, even chinking of glasses! The informal settings of the interviews (and Harrison's equipment) mean the sound quality is sometimes not great - the voices of the interviewees can be indistinct or obscured by background noise. The interviews often begin and end quite abruptly - sometimes when his subjects are in the middle of saying something - so don't be thrown when you listen to the recordings if they appear to start or end mid-sentence - this is the way they were recorded not a fault of later editing.

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1. Stocks, Lady. View record. Listen

2. Stocks, Lady. View record. Listen

3. Corbett-Ashby, Dame Margery. View record. Listen

4. Corbett-Ashby, Dame Margery. View record. Listen

5. Mairet, Philip. View record. Listen

6. Corbett-Ashby, Dame Margery. View record. Listen

7. Roe, Miss Grace. View record. Listen

8. Blackman, Mrs. View record. Listen

9. Barnes, Mrs Annie. View record. Listen

10. Billington Greig, Miss Fiona. View record. Listen

11. Pierotti, Miss Muriel. View record. Listen

12. Butler, Miss Christina Violet. View record. Listen

14. Butler, Miss Christina Violet. View record. Listen

15. Roberts, Miss Winifred Adair. View record. Listen

16. Bennett, Mrs Mary. View record. Listen

17. Butler, Miss Ruth. View record. Listen

19. Cohen, Mrs Leonora. View record. Listen

20. Taylor, Mr Joseph. View record. Listen

21. Hale, Miss Cicely. View record. Listen

22. Frances, Mrs Juanita. View record. Listen

23. Lawson, Miss Marie. View record. Listen

24. Lawson, Miss Marie. View record. Listen

26. Ricardo, Lady Beatrice. View record. Listen

27. Crum, Michael re Lettice Fisher. View record. Listen

28. Barnes, Annie. View record. Listen

29. Flint, Mrs Elsie. View record. Listen

31. Robinson, Miss Margaret. View record. Listen

32. Hunkins-Hallinan, Mrs Hazel. View record. Listen

33. Sowerbutts, Miss FM. View record Listen

34. Evans, Mrs Lyndal. View record Listen

36. Lutyens, Mrs Naomi. View record. Listen

37. Chew, Miss Doris re Ada Nield Chew. View record. Listen

38. Morrison, Miss Sybil. View record. Listen

40. Lutyens, Mrs Naomi. View record. Listen

41. Johnson, Mrs Marion. View record. Listen

42. Schofield-Coates, Mrs. View record. Listen

49. Lutyens, Miss Elisabeth. View record. Listen

50. BBC programmes on Domestic Service. View record. Listen

51. Woodhouse, Lady Davina re Lord Lytton. View record. Listen

52. Munro-Ashman, Dr Donald. View record. Listen

54. Moyes, Helen. View record. Listen

55. Moyes, Helen. View record. Listen

56. Hall, Mr Edward & Mrs Pauline. View record. Listen

58. Moyes, Helen. View record. Listen

59. Veale, Sir Douglas. View record. Listen

60. Veale, Sir Douglas. View record. Listen

61. Veale, Sir Douglas. View record. Listen

62. Tabor, Miss Mary. View record. Listen

63. Thorndike, Sybil. View record. Listen

65. Tabor, Miss Lucy. View record. Listen

66. Hubback, David & Miss Rachel. View record. Listen

68. Wootton, Baroness. View record. Listen

70. Raphael, Mrs Winifred. View record. Listen

71. Barrowman, Dr Barclay & Mrs. View record. Listen

72. Nelki, Mrs Erna. View record. Listen

73. Inglis, Miss Hazel. View record. Listen

74. Green, Helen. View record. Listen

75. Toomer, Miss Mabel re Mary Toomer. View record. Listen

77. Neale, Mrs Elizabeth. View record. Listen

79. Lidiard, Mrs Victoria (née Simmons). View record. Listen

80. Beeston, Miss Louisa & Jackson, Miss EM. View record. Listen

81. Clark, F Le Gros. View record. Listen

83. Fulford, Roger. View record. Listen

84. Lewcock, Mrs Connie. View record. Listen

85. Links, Mrs Mary (née Lutyens). View record. Listen

86. Smith, Mr & Mrs Leslie. View record. Listen

87. Murray, Miss Flora. View record. Listen

89. Mann, Miss J de L. View record. Listen

90. Needham, Mrs Nita. View record. Listen

93. Fulford, Mrs Edith. View record. Listen

95. Unnamed worker at The Vote offices. View record. Listen

96. Northey, Mrs Molly. View record. Listen

97. Kempster, Miss Elizabeth. View record. Listen

98. Morrison, Miss Vida A. View record. Listen

100. Cottrell, Mr George. View record. Listen

101. Coningham, Miss Eva. View record. Listen

103. Goodman, Mrs Peggy. View record. Listen

106. Corbett-Ashby, Dame Margery. View record. Listen

107. Cobbold, Lady Hermione | View record. Listen

108. Konter, Mrs & Hunter, Mrs. View record. Listen

109. Turnbull, Sir Frank. View record. Listen

110. Lytton, Lady Anne. View record. Listen

114. Collisson, Miss Margery Chave. View record. Listen

115. Gilliland, Mrs Jean & Platts-Mills, Mr & Mrs JFF. View record. Listen

118. Fairfield, Dr Letitia. View record. Listen

120. Hunot, Mrs Jean. View record. Listen

121. Dunlop, Mrs Mary. View record. Listen (a). Listen (b). Listen (c)

122 - 123. Halpern, Mrs Barbara. View record. Listen (a). Listen (b). Listen (c)

130. Wright, Dr Helena. View record. Listen

131. Horton, Mrs Gertrude. View record. Listen

133. Stedman, Mrs Myra. View record. Listen

135. Daniels, Mr & Mrs. View record. Listen

137. Cox, Mrs Doris & Soper, Mrs Marjorie. View record. Listen

139. Horton, Mrs Gertrude. View record. Listen

141. Hilton, Miss Irene. View record. Listen

143. Groves, Mrs. View record. Listen

145. Horton, Mrs Gertrude. View record. Listen

146. Wright, Mrs Elsie & Lewcock, Mrs Connie | View record. Listen

148. Murdoch, Mrs Almora. View record. Listen

150. Noel-Baker, Right Honourable Philip. View record. Listen

151. Balogh, Lord. View record. Listen

153. Schofield, Mrs Alice. View record. Listen

154. Smieton, Dame Mary. View record. Listen

156. Dugdale, George. View record. Listen

158. Courtney, Mrs Mary. View record. Listen

159. Ward, Baroness Irene. View record. Listen

161. Sheehy-Skeffington, Mrs André. View record. Listen

162. Fitzpatrick, Dr Elizabeth. View record. Listen

163. Litster, Mrs. View record. Listen

165. Robinson, Miss Margaret. View record. Listen

166. Ridgway, Mrs Margaret re Anna Munro. View record. Listen

167. Pyke, Dr David. View record. Listen

169. Wolff, Mrs Helga. View record. Listen

171. Coleman, Mrs Gwen. View record. Listen

173. Burrell, Lady. View record. Listen

174. Picton-Turbervill, Wilfrid. View record. Listen

177. Raphael, Mrs Nancy. View record. Listen

179. Gibberd, Miss Kathleen. View record. Listen

180. Stewart, Right Honourable Michael MP. View record. Listen

182. Hiorns, Miss Marjorie. View record. Listen

183. Hadow, Misses Christine & Rachel | View record. Listen

184. Marshall, Professor Thomas Humphrey. View record. Listen

186. Halpern, Mrs Barbara. View record. Listen

188. Radice, Mrs Joan. View record. Listen

190. Brockway, Lord, (Archibald) Fenner. View record. Listen (a). Listen (b)

193. Shannon, Mrs Gertrude. View record. Listen

194. Frankenburg, Mrs Charis. View record. Listen

195. Tippett, Sir Michael. View record. Listen

196. Wilson, Mrs Helen on Annot Robinson. View record. Listen

197. Hogan, Mrs Sue. View record. Listen

201. Schaerli, Mrs Vera (aka Vera Craig). View record. Listen

203. Hopkinson, David and Diana. View record. Listen

204. Warner, Grizel, Lady. View record. Listen

205. McCall, Mrs Cicely. View record. Listen

Unavailable interviews

These interviews aren't available due to technical issues with the recordings or because they are closed under the Data Protection Act. Check individual records for further details.

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London School of Economics and Political Science

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This is a collection of oral history interviews about the British first wave feminist movement. The interviews were conducted by the historian Brian Harrison between 1974 and 1981, as part of a project funded by the Social Science Research Council (he later extensively used these interviews in his book ' Prudent Revolutionaries: Portraits of British Feminists between the Wars' Oxford University Press 1987).

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Engineering Technician Apprentice at Jacobs Douwe Egberts.

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Naomi French, Engineering Technician Apprentice at Jacobs Douwe Egberts

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International Women's Day (IWD) is celebrated on 8 March every year around the world. It is a focal point in the movement for women's rights.  #IWD

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International Women's Day ( IWD) is a global holiday celebrated annually on March 8 to commemorate the cultural, political, and socioeconomic achievements of women. It is also a focal point in the women's rights movement, bringing attention to issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, and violence and abuse against women.

IWD originated from labor movements in North America and Europe during the early 20th century. The earliest version was purportedly a "Women's Day" organized by the Socialist Party of America in New York City February 28, 1909. This inspired German delegates at the 1910 International Socialist Woman's Conference to propose "a special Women's Day" be organized annually, albeit with no set date; the following year saw the first demonstrations and commemorations of International Women's Day across Europe. After women gained suffrage in Soviet Russia in 1917 (the beginning of the February Revolution), IWD was made a national holiday on March 8; it was subsequently celebrated on that date by the socialist movement and communist countries. The holiday was associated with far-left movements and governments until its adoption by the global feminist movement in the late 1960s. IWD became a mainstream global holiday following its adoption by the United Nations in 1977.

International Women's Day is commemorated in a variety of ways worldwide; it is a public holiday in several countries, and observed socially or locally in others. The UN observes the holiday in connection with a particular issue, campaign, or theme in women's rights. In some parts of the world, IWD still reflects its political origins, being marked by protests and calls for radical change; in other areas, particularly in the West, it is largely sociocultural and centered on a celebration of womanhood.

The earliest purported Women's Day observance, called " National Woman's Day", was held on February 28, 1909, in New York City, organized by the Socialist Party of America at the suggestion of activist Theresa Malkiel. There have been claims that the day was commemorating a protest by women garment workers in New York on March 8, 1857, but researchers have alleged this to be a myth intended to detach International Women's Day from its socialist origin.

In August 1910, an International Socialist Women's Conference was organized ahead of the general meeting of the Socialist Second International in Copenhagen, Denmark. Inspired in part by the American socialists, German delegates Clara Zetkin, Käte Duncker, Paula Thiede, and others proposed the establishment of an annual "Women's Day", although no date was specified. The 100 delegates, representing 17 countries, agreed with the idea as a strategy to promote equal rights, including women's suffrage.

The following year, on March 19, 1911, the first International Women's Day (IWD) was marked by over a million people in Austria, Denmark, Germany, and Switzerland. In the Austria-Hungary alone, there were 300 demonstrations, with women parading on the Ringstrasse in Vienna, carrying banners honoring the martyrs of the Paris Commune. Across Europe, women demanded the right to vote and to hold public office, and protested against employment sex discrimination.

IWD initially had no set date, though it was generally celebrated in late February or early March. Americans continued to observe "National Women's Day" on the last Sunday in February, while Russia observed International Women's Day for the first time in 1913, on the last Saturday in February (albeit based on the Julian calendar, as in the Gregorian calendar, the date was March 8). In 1914, International Women's Day was held on March 8 for the first time in Germany, possibly because that date was a Sunday. As elsewhere, Germany's observance was dedicated to women's right to vote, which German women did not win until 1918. Concurrently, there was a march in London in support of women's suffrage, during which Sylvia Pankhurst was arrested in front of Charing Cross station on her way to speak in Trafalgar Square.

On March 8, 1917 in Petrograd, women textile workers began a demonstration that eventually engulfed the whole city, demanding "Bread and Peace"-an end to World War I, to food shortages, and to czarism. This marked the beginning of the February Revolution, which alongside the October Revolution, made up the Russian Revolution. Revolutionary leader Leon Trotsky wrote, "23 February (8th March) was International Woman's Day and meetings and actions were foreseen. But we did not imagine that this 'Women's Day' would inaugurate the revolution. Revolutionary actions were foreseen but without a date. But in the morning, despite the orders to the contrary, textile workers left their work in several factories and sent delegates to ask for the support of the strike... which led to mass strike... all went out into the streets." Seven days later, Tsar Nicholas II abdicated, and the provisional Government granted women the right to vote.

In 1917, following the October Revolution, Bolsheviks Alexandra Kollontai and Vladimir Lenin made IWD an official holiday in the Soviet Union. On May 8, 1965, the USSR Presidium of the Supreme Soviet decreed International Women's Day a non-working day in the USSR, "in commemoration of the outstanding merits of Soviet women in communistic construction, in the defense of their Fatherland during the Great Patriotic War, in their heroism and selflessness at the front and in the rear, and also marking the great contribution of women to strengthening friendship between peoples, and the struggle for peace. But still, women's day must be celebrated as are other holidays."[citation needed ]

After its official adoption in Soviet Russia, IWD was predominantly celebrated in communist countries and by the communist movement worldwide. Communist leader Dolores Ibárruri led a women's march in Madrid in 1936 on the eve of the Spanish Civil War. Chinese communists observed the holiday beginning in 1922, though it soon gained traction across the political spectrum: In 1927, Guangzhou saw a march of 25,000 women and male supporters, including representatives of the Kuomintang, the YWCA, and labor organizations. After the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, the State Council proclaimed on December 23 that March 8 would be made an official holiday, with women given a half-day off.

IWD remained predominantly a communist holiday until roughly 1967 when it was taken up by second-wave feminists. The day re-emerged as a day of activism, and is sometimes known in Europe as the "Women's International Day of Struggle". In the 1970s and 1980s, women's groups were joined by leftists and labor organizations in calling for equal pay, equal economic opportunity, equal legal rights, reproductive rights, subsidized child care, and the prevention of violence against women.

The United Nations began celebrating International Women's Day in 1975, which had been proclaimed the International Women's Year. In 1977, the United Nations General Assembly invited member states to proclaim March 8 as an official UN holiday for women's rights and world peace. It has since been commemorated annually by the UN and much of the world, with each year's observance centered on a particular theme or issue within women's rights.

International Women's Day sparked violence in Tehran, Iran on March 4, 2007, when police beat hundreds of men and women who were planning a rally. (A previous rally for the occasion was held in Tehran in 2003.) Police arrested dozens of women and some were released after several days of solitary confinement and interrogation. Shadi Sadr, Mahbubeh Abbasgholizadeh and several more community activists were released on March 19, 2007, ending a fifteen-day hunger strike.

By the twenty-first century, IWD has been criticized as heavily diluted and commercialized, particularly in the West, where it is sponsored by major corporations and used to promote general and vague notions of equality, rather than radical social reforms. A @dot.com@ website was established in 2001; it sets out a yearly theme and hashtags, unconnected with the UN project. In 2009, the website was being managed by the British marketing firm Aurora Ventures with corporate sponsorship. The website began to promote hashtags as themes for the day, which became used internationally. The day was commemorated by business breakfasts and social media communications that were deemed by some social critics as reminiscent of Mother's Day greetings.

Though the celebration in the West was low-key, events took place in more than 100 countries on March 8, 2011, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of International Women's Day. In the United States, President Barack Obama proclaimed March 2011 to be " Women's History Month", calling Americans to mark IWD by reflecting on "the extraordinary accomplishments of women" in shaping the country's history. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton launched the "100 Women Initiative: Empowering Women and Girls through International Exchanges", on the eve of IWD. In the run-up to 2011 International Women's Day, the Red Cross called on States and other entities not to relent in their efforts to prevent rape and other forms of sexual violence that harm the lives and dignity of countless women in conflict zones around the world every year.

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) drew attention to the plight of women in prison.

The theme for International Women's Day 2013 was "A promise is a promise: time for action to end violence against women."

It was reported the 70% of women worldwide experience some sort of physical and/or sexual violence in their life. Irina Bovoka, UNESCO Director General on International Women's day 2013, stated that in order "to empower women and ensure equality, we must challenge every form of violence every time it occurs." In view of the increase in violence against women and following the brutal attack on Malala Yousafzai in October 2012, the UN focussed their attention on ending violence against women and made this the central theme for International Women's Day 2013. UNESCO acknowledged that violence against young girls was one of the major reasons for girls not attending school and subsequently collaborated with governments around the globe to support women's rights in providing a quality education in a safe environment.

For a more cultural and artistic celebration, UNESCO also held a concert in Paris as a "Tribute to Women in Music: from the romantic to the electronics".

American singer Beyoncé also posted an International Women's Day video to her YouTube account. Throughout the video, her song " Flawless" plays, which includes a portion of the " We Should All Be Feminists" speech given by author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.

Governments and activists around the world commemorated the 20th anniversary year of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, an historic roadmap that set the agenda for realizing women's rights.

The President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee, said: "On the occasion of International Women's Day, I extend warm greetings and good wishes to the women of India and thank them for their contributions over the years in the building of our nation." The ministry of women and child development announced the setting up of four more one-stop crisis centers on March 8, in addition to the eight already functioning across the country. Ahead of Women's Day, the national carrier Air India operated what it claimed to be the world's longest non-stop flight where the entire flight operations were handled by women, as part of International Women's Day celebrations. The flight, from Delhi to San Francisco, covered a distance of around 14,500 kilometers in around 17 hours.

In a message in support of International Women's Day, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres commented on how women's rights were being "reduced, restricted and reversed". With men still in leadership positions and a widening economic gender gap, he called for change "by empowering women at all levels, enabling their voices to be heard and giving them control over their own lives and over the future of our world".

The UN theme for International Women's Day was: "Time is Now: Rural and urban activists transforming women's lives".

Global marches and online campaigns such as #MeToo and #TimesUp, which originated in the United States but became popular globally, allowed many women from different parts of the world to confront injustice and speak out on issues such as sexual harassment and assault and the gender pay gap.

The UN theme for International Women's Day was: 'Think equal, build smart, innovate for change'. The focus of the theme was on innovative ways in which to advance gender equality and the empowerment of women, particularly in the areas of social protection systems, access to public services and sustainable infrastructure.

The federal state of Berlin marked International Women's Day as a public holiday for the first time.

The UN theme for International Women's Day was: 'I am Generation Equality': Realizing Women's Rights'. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, street marches occurred in London, Paris, Madrid, Brussels, Moscow and other European cities. The Aurat March in Islamabad was marred by attacks from stone throwers, after a failed attempt to have it banned as un- Islamic. In Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, police detained dozens of marchers shortly after masked men reportedly attacked the march.

In some countries, such as Australia, Cameroon, Croatia, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Vietnam, and Chile; IWD is not an official public holiday, but is widely observed nonetheless.

Regardless of legal status, in much of the world, it is customary for men to give female colleagues and loved ones flowers and small gifts. In some countries (such as Bulgaria and Romania) it is also observed as an equivalent of Mother's Day, where children also give small presents to their mothers and grandmothers. In the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, huge Soviet-style celebrations were held annually. After the fall of Communism, the holiday, generally considered to be one of the major symbols of the old regime, fell into obscurity. International Women's Day was re-established as an official "important day" by the Parliament of the Czech Republic in 2004 on the proposal of the Social Democrats and Communists. This has provoked some controversy as a large part of the public as well as the political right see the holiday as a relic of the nation's Communist past.

IWD is widely celebrated in France as Journée internationale des femmes. In Italy, the holiday is observed by men giving yellow mimosas to women. This originated with communist politician Teresa Mattei, who chose the mimosa in 1946 as the symbol of IWD because the predominant symbols of the day, violets and lily-of-the-valley, were too scarce and expensive to be used effectively in Italy.

In the United States, actress and human rights activist Beata Pozniak worked with the Mayor of Los Angeles and the Governor of California to lobby members of the US Congress to propose official recognition of the holiday. In February 1994, by Beata Pozniak suggestion, the H. J. Res. 316 was introduced by Representative Maxine Waters, along with 79 cosponsors, in an attempt to officially recognize March 8 of that year as International Women's Day. The bill was subsequently referred to, and remained in, the House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. No vote of either house of Congress was achieved on this piece of legislation. In Pakistan, the Aurat March has challenged misogyny since 2018.

1996

Celebrating the Past, Planning for the Future

1997

Women and the Peace Table

1998

Women and Human Rights

1999

World Free of Violence Against Women

2000

Women Uniting for Peace

2001

Women and Peace: Women Managing Conflicts

2002

Afghan Women Today: Realities and Opportunities

2003

Gender Equality and the Millennium Development Goals

2005

Gender Equality Beyond 2005; Building a More Secure Future

2006

Women in Decision-making

2007

Ending Impunity for Violence Against Women and Girls

2008

Investing in Women and Girls

2009

Women and Men United to End Violence Against Women and Girls

2010

Equal Rights, Equal Opportunities: Progress for All

2011

Equal Access to Education, Training, and Science and Technology: Pathway to Decent Work for Women

2012

Empower Rural Women, End Poverty, and Hunger

2013

A Promise is a Promise: Time for Action to End Violence Against Women

2014

Equality for Women is Progress for All

2015

Empowering Women, Empowering Humanity: Picture it!

2016

Planet 50-50 by 2030: Step It Up for Gender Equality

2017

Women in the Changing World of Work: Planet 50-50 by 2030

2018

Time is Now: Rural and urban activists transforming women's lives

2019

Think Equal, Build Smart, Innovate for Change

2020

"I am Generation Equality: Realizing Women's Rights"

2021

Women in leadership: Achieving an equal future in a COVID-19 world

Rosa Parks Day (February 4 / December 1, US)

National Girls and Women in Sports Day (one day first week of February, US)

Susan B. Anthony Day (February 15, US)

Hinamatsuri (March 3, Japan, although it is for girls)

Harriet Tubman Day (March 10, US)

Kartini Day (April 21, Indonesia)

Mother's Day

Helen Keller Day (June 27, US)

National Women's Day (South Africa) (August 9)

Women's Equality Day (August 26, US)

Nupi Lan Day (December 12, India)

1. ^

2. ""International Socialist Congress, 1910; Second International Conference of Socialist Women". p. 21.

3. ^ Cheah, S. G. (March 8, 2020). "Women In Red: The Surprising History Of International Women's Day". Evie Magazine. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. statement made by Vladimir Lenin, who presided over the first official March 8th celebration of this day in Russia: "For under capitalism the female half of the human race is doubly oppressed. The working woman and the peasant woman are oppressed by capital [...] "The second and most important step is the abolition of the private ownership of land and the factories. This and this alone opens up the way towards complete and actual emancipation of woman

4. ^

5. ^

6. ^ Miller, Sally M. (December 1978). "From Sweatshop Worker to Labor Leader: Theresa Malkiel, A Case Study". American Jewish History. 68 (2): 197. JSTOR 23881894.

7. ^ Kaplan, Temma (1985). "On the Socialist Origins of International Women's Day". Feminist Studies. 11 (1): 163-171. doi:10.2307/3180144. JSTOR 3180144.

8. ^ Kandel, Liliane; Picq, Françoise (1982). "Le Mythe des origines à propos de la journée internationale des femmes". La Revue d'en face. 12: 67-80. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013.

9. ^ Zophy, Angela Howard (1991). Handbook of American Women's History. Garland. p. 187. ISBN 0-8240-8744-5.

10. Rochelle Goldberg Ruthchild, "From West to East: International Women's Day, the First Decade", ^ Aspasia: The International Yearbook of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern European Women's and Gender History, vol. 6 (2012): 1-24.

11. ^

12. ^ Yau Tsit Law (June-July 1927). "International Women's Day in Canton March 8, 1927". News Bulletin (Institute of Pacific Relations).

13. ^ "Iranian Women Rally to Demand Equal Social, Political Rights" Index-Journal (March 9, 2003): 9. via Newspapers.com

14. ^ "President of Indias message on the eve of International Women's Day". business-standard.com. Delhi. March 7, 2016.

15. ^ "Women's Day gift: Govt to come with 4 one-stop crisis centres". The Times of India. March 7, 2016.

16. ^ PTI (March 7, 2016). "Ahead of Women's Day, Air India operates 'world's longest all-women flight'". The Indian Express.

17. "International Women's Day: Marchers around the world call for equality". BBC News. March 8, 2020.

18. ^ "Thousands March in Spain on Women's Day Despite Coronavirus Fears". US News. Reuters. March 8, 2020.

19. ^ Azerbaijan.msntour.az Archived September 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

20. (in Russian) ^ President's decree on public holidays in Belarus - 1998

21. (in Romanian) ^ Article 111 (1c) of the work codex of Moldova Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, PDF, page 53 "Article 111. Non-working holidays. (1) in Moldova, non-working holidays, maintaining the average salary, are: (...) c) March 8 - International Women's Day; (...)".

22. ^ Women Demand Equal Rights In Kyiv March, RFE/RL (March 8, 2018)

23. (in Croatian) ^ Zakon o blagdanima, spomendanima i neradnim danima u Republici Hrvatskoj

24. ^ "politica " Festa della donna, parla Ciampi "La parità è ancora lontana"". Repubblica.it. March 8, 2006.

25. ^ Pirro, Dierdre (March 25, 2013). "Teresa Mattei, Flower power". The Florentine. Archived from the original on October 5, 2015.

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International Women's Day ( IWD) is a global holiday celebrated annually on March 8 to commemorate the cultural, political, and socioeconomic achievements of women. It is also a focal point in the women's rights movement, bringing attention to issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, and violence and abuse against women.

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Under the Global Partnership for Girls’ and Women’s Education “Better Life, Better Future, the Joint Programme on Empowering Adolescent Girls and Young Women through Education is a partnership between UNESCO, UN Women and UNFPA

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Under the Global Partnership for Girls' and Women's Education "Better Life, Better Future", the Joint Programme on Empowering Adolescent Girls and Young Women through Education is a partnership between UNESCO, UN Women and UNFPA. It applies a holistic, multi-sectoral approach to empower girls and young women through a quality education. Over an initial period of five years (2016-2021), the goal is to reach adolescent girls (10-19 years) and young women (20-24 years) in countries where challenges to their education remain significant.

With the support of 15 million USD from the Republic of Korea through the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), the Joint Programme plans to reach some 558,000 direct beneficiaries and 918,000 indirect beneficiaries including in and out of school girls and young women, boys and young men, teachers, policymakers and community members in Mali, Nepal and Tanzania. The Joint Programme seeks to reach additional countries, drawing on the experience, tools and lessons learned from these countries.

Objectives

The Joint Programme aspires to break the cycle of exclusion and vulnerability and takes a life-cycle perspective to do so. It works across relevant sectors including education, health, youth, skills development, technology and women's economic empowerment. Specifically, it aims to:

Ensure that girls and young women benefit from a full cycle of quality education

Empower girls and young women with relevant knowledge and skills

Support girls and young women in their transitions into adulthood and the labour market, and to fully participate in society

In parallel, ministries, civil society, teachers and health service providers are involved to strengthen social and governance structures impacting girls' lives, the capacity of national and subnational authorities to promote the growth of gender-transformative educational opportunities, and to ensure country ownership and accountability.

The objectives of the Joint Programme directly contribute to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals and support the implementation of national development plans and strategies.

Areas of focus

Drawing on the expertise and experience of partner UN agencies, the Joint Programme supports investments through the education sector and strengthens linkages between education, health, labour, social affairs and other relevant sectors, through four complementary components:

Component 1: Improving the quality and relevance of education for adolescent girls and young women

Component 2: Strengthening linkages between the health and education sectors to respond to the needs of adolescent girls at risk of adolescent pregnancy and school dropout

Component 3: Fostering enabling environments and strengthening inter-sectoral coordination and governance

Component 4: Building the data and evidence-base needed for gender-responsive education policies and actions

Get involved

Grounded in the collective commitment of three UN agencies, UNESCO, UN Women, UNFPA, the Joint Programme provides a solid platform for Member States, donors, foundations, the private sector and other stakeholders interested and committed to the promotion of gender equality and girls' and women's empowerment through educational opportunities to join the Joint Programme as partners.

To become a partner of the Joint Programme and contribute to UNESCO's efforts to empower girls and young women through education, please contact us at gender.ed@unesco.org.

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Empowering adolescent girls and young women through education

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Under the Global Partnership for Girls' and Women's Education "Better Life, Better Future", the Joint Programme on Empowering Adolescent Girls and Young Women through Education is a partnership between UNESCO, UN Women and UNFPA. It applies a holistic, multi-sectoral approach to empower girls and young women through a quality education.

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Builds connections, understanding & trust between people in the UK and other countries through arts and culture, education and the English language

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Why focus on women and girls?

Empowering women and girls and achieving gender equality are crucial to creating inclusive, open and prosperous societies. Gender inequalities, however, persist in many countries so it is important that we find new ways of addressing this issue. We contribute to this agenda by creating opportunities for dialogue to influence policies that benefit women and girls; work with partners to promote access and opportunity for women and girls and build the skills and confidence of women and girls to achieve their potential and have more influence over decisions that affect their lives.

There has been considerable progress in recent decades in getting countries to acknowledge the importance of empowering women and girls, in order to promote greater equality in their relationships with men and boys, within their families and in society. While the international community recognises the important contribution gender equality can make to poverty reduction and inclusive growth, it also recognises that equality must be, above all, a matter of basic social justice.

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Empowering women and girls and achieving gender equality are crucial to creating inclusive, open and prosperous societies. Gender inequalities, however, persist in many countries so it is important that we find new ways of addressing this issue.

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International Women's Day 2024 campaign theme: Inspire Inclusion

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FREE International Women's Day 2024 campaign theme resources to Inspire Inclusion - #IWD2024 #InspireInclusion

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Empowering Stories

We know the world will be better, stronger, and more just when girls have the same level of confidence as boys. So we use storytelling to show girls a universe of possibilities and inspire them to dream without limits. Because when she sees it, she can be it.

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A girl-driven edutainment company on a mission to inspire and instill confidence in girls. With our award-winning books and podcasts, along with toys and digital media, we introduce girls to diverse stories of extraordinary women from the past and present, and inspire girls to pursue their dreams without limits.

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Olivia, 19 from Daventry, and Katie, 20 from Leamington, used their skills for charity work Read more here

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BBC World Service - Sportshour, Trailblazers: Inspiring Women in Sport

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Publically recognises and promotes the achievements of 100’s women who live or work in the North West and North Wales.

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Our gallery of inspirational award winners goes all the way back to the 2004 ceremony. Click here to discover which exceptional women have been recognised.

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Includes Sanna Marin, (Finland's all-female coalition government), Michelle Yeoh, (Avatar & Marvel films) and Sarah Gilbert, who heads the Oxford University coronavirus vaccine research.

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The BBC has revealed its list of 100 inspiring and influential women from around the world for 2020.

This year 100 Women is highlighting those who are leading change and making a difference during these turbulent times.

The list includes Sanna Marin, who leads Finland's all-female coalition government, Michelle Yeoh, star of the new Avatar and Marvel films and Sarah Gilbert, who heads the Oxford University research into a coronavirus vaccine, as well as Jane Fonda, a climate activist and actress.

And in an extraordinary year - when countless women around the world have made sacrifices to help others - one name on the 100 Women list has been left blank as a tribute.

How were the 100 Women chosen?

The BBC's 100 Women team drew up a shortlist based on names gathered by them and suggested by the BBC's network of World Service languages teams. We were looking for candidates who had made the headlines or influenced important stories over the past 12 months, as well as those who have inspiring stories to tell, achieved something significant or influenced their societies in ways that wouldn't necessarily make the news. The pool of names was then assessed against this year's theme - women who led change - and measured for regional representation and due impartiality, before the final names were chosen.

Photo copyrights: University of Melbourne, Kim SooHyeon , Quoc Dat, Rachata Sangkrod, Fee-Gloria Groenemeyer, Rakyan Bramasto, NCID,Thomas Laisne, Nandar, Kunjan Joshi, Shajan Sam,Shahbaz Shazi, AxKimia, Arash Ashourinia, UNHCR, Nancy Rached, Emily Almond Barr, ICARDA, 89up, No Isolation, Anna Khodyreva, Bogdanowa Ekaterina, Anastasia Volkova by Sydney Morning Herald, University of Oxford / John Cairns, Arvid Eriksson, Jeronimo Zúñiga / Amazon Frontlines, Alejandra Lopez, Víctor Hugo Yañez Ramos, Rick Buchanan Photography, Eddie Hernandez Photography, Ant Eye Photography, Chris Collingridge, Abdelhamid Belahmidi, Kunmi Owopetu, Alien Prose Studio, Mastercard Foundation, Hannah Mentz, Fortress, Vice Media Group LLC, Francis Mweze from Sighted Design, Angelou Studio's, Zola Photo, David Gee, Will Kirk, Paloma Herbstein, Miguel Mendoza Photo Studio, Denise Else, Dioned Williams, Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá, Global Network of Women Peacebuilders, Reece Williams with Artists in Presidents, Sebastian Lindstrom, Getty Images, Andrés Kerese, Gulnaz Zhuzbaeva, Claire Godley, The Australian Water Association, Wu Baojian, Laura Kotila Prime Minister's Office, O'Shea Tometi, María Esme del Río, Gio Solis, Laurent Serroussi, DCMS, Inti Gajardo, Morgan Miller, Helena Price Hambrecht, Courtesy of John Russo, UN Women/Ploy Phutpheng.

Edited by Amelia Butterly, Lara Owen, Lorin Bozkurt, Valeria Perasso, Stephanie Gabbatt, production by Alison Trowsdale, Ana-Lucia Gonzalez, development by Marta Marti Marques, Chloe Skillman and design by Sean Willmott.

What is 100 Women?

BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year. We create documentaries, features and interviews about their lives, giving more space for stories that put women at the centre.

Follow BBC 100 Women on Instagram and Facebook and join the conversation.

In an extraordinary year, when countless women around the world have made a sacrifice to help others, the first place on the list is left open to acknowledge their work and to remember those who have lost their lives while making a difference.

Though BBC 100 Women cannot name every woman across the globe who has made a contribution, this space is designed to allow you to think of the people who have had an impact on you, over the course of 2020.

During the pandemic, Rina and her team of helpers have served around 400 meals a week - including rice, vegetables, eggs and meat - to sex workers in Dhaka who have found themselves without clients, and are thus struggling to feed themselves.

> People see our profession as demeaning, but we do it to buy food. I am trying to make sure women in this profession are not left hungry, and their children will not have to do this work.

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BBC 100 Women 2020: Who is on the list this year?

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The BBC has revealed its list of 100 inspiring and influential women from around the world for 2020. This year 100 Women is highlighting those who are leading change and making a difference during these turbulent times.

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It is said that Hill wrote the song for Idustrial Workers of the World orator Elizabeth Gurley Flynn.

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"The Rebel Girl" is a song written or completed by Joe Hill in 1915. The song was published in the Little Red Songbook of the Industrial Workers of the World, and as sheet music in 1915. It is said that Hill wrote the song for IWW orator Elizabeth Gurley Flynn. It has also been claimed that it was inspired Katie Phar and Agnes Fair.

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"The Rebel Girl" is a song written or completed by Joe Hill in 1915. The song was published in the Little Red Songbook of the Industrial Workers of the World, and as sheet music in 1915. It is said that Hill wrote the song for IWW orator Elizabeth Gurley Flynn.

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Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls Podcast

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Our audio adventures about extraordinary women have moved to a new home: the Rebel Girls App. Learn more.

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Hosting an International Women's Day event or coordinating activity? Download for print International Women's Day posters and call upon colleagues to declare what action they'll take to help build a more gender equal world. Use the posters to show examples of commitment and to encourage others to take action too. Participants can collectively write directly on the posters, or add sticky notes or branded cards.

Download International Women's Day posters

Click the IWD posters below to access the full-size downloadable version for print.

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Hosting an International Women's Day event or coordinating activity? Download for print International Women's Day posters and call upon colleagues to declare what action they'll take to help build a more gender equal world. Use the posters to show examples of commitment and to encourage others to take action too.

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women empowered: wikipedia editathon tickets

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Eventbrite - Women EmpowerED presents Women EmpowerED: Wikipedia Editathon - Saturday, 6 March 2021 | Friday, 12 March 2021 - Find event and ticket information.

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Hosting an International Women's Day event, coordinating activity, or looking to amplify commitment via social media?

Download individual IWD #InspireInclusion Pledge Cards to show your solidarity and encourage others to help forge a more inclusive world for women.

Download IWD Pledge Cards for print (PDF version).
Download IWD Pledge Cards for editing and/or co-branding (Powerpoint version).
Download individual IWD Pledge Cards for print (PDF) - see below.

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International Women's Day #InspireInclusion pledge cards

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Download International Women's Day pledge cards - #IWD2023 #EmbraceEquity

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From Pankhurst to Pink: 100 of the most inspiring women from the last 100 years

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From Pankhurst to Pink: 100 of the most inspiring women from the last 100 years

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from Magazine Marie Claire.

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To mark International Women's Day, we have compiled a list of the 100 most inspirational women from the last century. From Emmeline Pankhurst to Pink, these are the women who have challenged, shaped and smashed the status quo.
Words by Victoria Fell
Over the last 100 years, the role and rights of women have changed beyond all recognition. But, one thing that has stayed constant is the sheer number of awe-inspiring women that exist all over the world. To celebrate International Women's Day 2021, we've made a list of the 100 most inspirational women from the last century. Some are feminist mainstays, some are relative unknowns and some are controversial - but they all changed the world. From badass suffragettes to empowering quotes: ladies, prepare for a healthy dose of #inspo.

Marie Claire's 100 most inspirational women

1920s

1930s

1940s

Who: Sophie Scholl
Why she inspires us: German student and member of the anti-fascist White Rose Movement, Scholl was executed for her anti-Nazi beliefs.
What she taught us: No matter how high the stakes, we must fight for the oppressed - if 22 year old Sophie can die for her beliefs, we can call out racism too.

Who: Vera Lynn
Why she inspires us: Singer who brought joy to UK forces during World War Two with hits including We'll Meet Again and The White Cliffs of Dover.
What she taught us: The importance of music for morale and the soul and how one person can bring happiness to so many.

1950s

1960s

Who: Dame Judi Dench
Why she inspires us: Confirmed national treasure, Dame Judi has acted consistently for over 60 years and, contrary to popular belief, originated the role of Sally Bowles in Cabaret.
What she taught us: The role doesn't matter; only the performance: Judi's Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her eight minutes of screen time in Shakespeare in Love proves this rather well.

Who: Audrey Hepburn
Why she inspires us: There was nothing Audrey Hepburn couldn't do: she was a humanitarian, dancer, actress and member of the Dutch Resistance.
What she taught us: Endless optimism: 'Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible!''

1970s

Who: Kate Bush
Why she inspires us: Her debut single Wuthering Heights was the UK's first No.1 single written by a woman and hit the top spot when Bush was just 19.
What she taught us: To take charge of our careers and own our decisions - Bush had to push hard to get Wuthering Heights to be the lead single. The rest, as they say, is history.

1980s

1990s

Who: Marilyn Vos Savant
Why she inspires us: Using her record-breaking IQ, Vos Savant's handling of an maths problem and its aftermath made her a feminist (and intellectual) icon.
What she taught us: To stick to our guns (read more about the Monty Hall maths problem debacle here - but be warned, it will make your brain hurt and your blood boil.)

2000s

2010s/ 2020s

Who: Malala Yousafzai
Why she inspires us: Yousafzai survived a Taliban assassination attempt as retaliation for her activism for girls' education and went on to be the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
What she taught us: With Malala, it's hard to know where to start: at the age of 20, she is already changing the world through her words and her work.

Happy International Women's Day!

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From Pankhurst to Pink: 100 of the most inspiring women from the last 100 years | Marie Claire

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To mark International Women's Day, we have compiled a list of the 100 most inspirational women from the last century. From Emmeline Pankhurst to Pink, these are the women who have challenged, shaped and smashed the status quo. Words by Victoria Fell Over the last 100 years, the role and rights of women have changed beyond all recognition.

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Francesca Wade and Deborah Levy in conversation on 'Square Haunting'

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Francesca Wade and Deborah Levy in conversation on 'Square Haunting'

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Mecklenburgh Square, on the radical fringes of interwar Bloomsbury, was home to activists, experimenters and revolutionaries; among them were the modernist poet
H. D., detective novelist Dorothy L. Sayers, classicist Jane Harrison, economic historian Eileen Power and writer and publisher Virginia Woolf.

Francesca Wade’s biography explores how these trailblazing women pushed the boundaries of literature, scholarship and social norms, forging careers that would have been impossible without these rooms of their own. Click to view book discussion on YouTube: https://youtu.be/yCvCkZM9NTo