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How did Forestry develop through a certain period of History in some parts of the world, particularly India?

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1. Forestry is the science-based mechanism of managing forest land for human protection, leisure, as well as residential and retail purposes.
(What is Forestry? - Definition & Types, 2019)
2. Forests can be handled intelligently over time with specific goals in mind. It includes forest conservation, tree growth, continuous production of wood and products under a sustained yield concept, watershed management, and preservation of all the other ecological services/qualities that forests offer.

REFERENCE (CITATION):
1. What is Forestry? - Definition & Types. (2019, November 13). Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-forestry-definition-types.html.
2. http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c10/E5-01A-02.pdf

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General history of forestry. (secondary source)

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General history of forestry. (secondary source)

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At least 60000 years ago, wood was used for building works. Dispersed trees were used for "fuel, construction, and tool handles in early organised communities".
Wooden materials were used to prepare areas of land for planting as the evidences in ancient records such as the Hebrew bible and Egyptian tombs show us.

These facts show that the purposes of our forests with regard to human advancements did not change much throughout the course of history. We can understand that the usage of forest lands to fulfil our needs is somewhat imbedded in our instincts.

Private forestry schools were created around 1825, when proper forestry learning began (such as "The National School of Forestry"). 19th Century American foresters, such as Gifford Pinchot, received their teachings in European institutions. However, traders seeking easy gains fought against the concept of sustainable development. National forest laws/policies aimed at protecting woodlands as long-term assets grew over the 20th century.

We see here how Forestry was promoted globally through good-quality forestry education in Europe, particularly in Germany where German foresters were highly-valued. With more schools providing forestry education, it is clear that there was a need to understand forestry better as industrialisation & urbanisation which involved usage of factories for huge production levels led to reductions in natural resources which damaged the environment (deforestation). Such damages alarmed authorities to develop legislation & take action to support sustainability as resources are scarce. From here, we can understand just how significant forestry and the forests are to mankind's interests to the extent people would conflict over them.

REFERENCE (CITATION)/Link to get to this secondary source:
Chaney, W. R. , Edlin, . Herbert Leeson and Pope, . Phillip E. (2020, January 10). Forestry. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/forestry

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The first source is "DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA'S FOREST RESOURCES" (Indian Daily Mail, 8 July 1950).
This source tells us that in 1950, the Indian government formed a central board of forestry to establish effective collaboration in forestry matters, specifically in the combined use of land, and to facilitate in the preservation of satisfactory conditions in forestry education.
Such facts show how Forestry developed by gaining recognition & significance in 1950 India. The need to work together at the nation level in handling forestry matters proves that there is a crucial interest which humans desire to protect and keep. The Indian government pressed for proper standards in forestry education, showing their understanding of the need to teach forestry to our incoming generations in order to better satisfy future forestry demands.

REFERENCE (CITATION)/Link to get to this Primary source:
https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/indiandailymail19500708-1.2.47?ST=1&AT=search&k=the%20development%20of%20forestry&QT=the,development,of,forestry&oref=article

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The source was written by "Indian Daily Mail" Newspaper on 8 July 1950 in Singapore with reference to what was occurring in New Delhi (India). It gives information on The Central board of forestry by the Indian government (on July 7) such as who would be the Chairman & members, functions of the board etc. A crucial part of this article is that India was going through a push for "industrial and agricultural development" and because of that, Forestry was becoming highly relevant; necessitating organised action on problems such as soil conservation, timber standardisation, forest management evolution, and legislation regulating private forest control, tree growth protection, and so on. Through such information, we can infer that a country's industrial/agricultural development is heavily tied to Forestry; reinforcing the importance of forestry through our history of human advancements.

This source is rather reliable. We believe the writers did not hold any significant biases, perceivable to be a neutral party in reporting news. It was not created to pull people towards a certain ideology. The information provided is straightforward without any seemingly manipulative intentions. We can trust the truth of this source as we gain understanding of Forestry gaining significance & recognition in the 20th century.

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Background information (secondary source) to better understand the primary source. 

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Background information (secondary source) to better understand the primary source. 

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"Greater deforestation occurred during 1880–1950 due to British colonial rule policies to increase income from timber products and cropland. However, deforestation  declined after the 1980s as a result of government policies to conserve forests. Cropland expansion was faster from 1950 to 1980, owing to government policies promoting self-sufficiency in food production, such as irrigation expansion, farm mechanisation, electrification, and the use of high-yielding crop varieties. Due to India's population and economic development, urbanization, which was minimal from 1880 to 1950, became one of the most significant land conversions after the 1950s.".

This source seems to support our primary source where "in 1950, the Indian government formed a central board of forestry to establish effective collaboration in forestry matters, specifically in the combined use of land". As we can read from this secondary source, deforestation decreased due to policies to protect forests, indicating the effectiveness of The Central board of forestry. The secondary source enhances the reliability of the truth of our primary source as between 1950 to 1980, there were government policies which increased cropland expansion rate; proving that the Indian government was functioning & making advancements in developing forestry. A contributing factor to the recognition of forestry in India during those years (besides controlling people because of their greed for money & gains) was definitely the rise in India's population levels which brought about the greater need of urbanisation as availability of land for recreational & housing decreased.

Therefore, we have good reasons to believe that 1950 was perceivably a pivotal year in the area of forestry for India, just 3 years after their independence in 1947.

REFERENCE (CITATION)/Link to get to this secondary source:

History of land use in India during 1880â��2010: Large-scale land transformations reconstructed from satellite data and historical archives. (2014, October 1). ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818114001283

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1. "Since 1950, India has diverted about 5.7 million hectares of forest area for non-forestry purposes like mining, river valley projects, roads, highways etc.".

2. "Compared to the eighteenth century, when forestry was limited to the study of better ways of ensuring natural regeneration or selectively cutting stands in shelter wood systems, forestry from the middle of the nineteenth century strongly favored the economic approach to attaining the maximum forest rent."

REFERENCE (CITATION):
1. M. (2020, February 27). The evolving story of India’s forests. Mongabay-India. https://india.mongabay.com/2020/02/the-evolving-story-of-indias-forests/
2. http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c10/E5-01A-02.pdf