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By: Belen Villa-Campos

Dogs

One important thing to know about dogs is what they eat so what they eat is  their normal food which is dog food. Sometimes they can eat raw meat, normal meat rice vegetables, sometimes not always but if you give them a lot of like rice raw meat normal meat and vegetables you probably don't get used to eating those things and not eating their dog food and that is kind of bad for your dogs.

So something really important is tricks. Dogs can always do tricks if you teach them how to do them so sometimes the dog can jump and shake their hand and then lay down. And you can also train your dog by putting dog treats whenever you want them to go to you. And you can also train your dog to give you a high five or a rollover. And you can teach them to speak. Sometimes it's really funny to teach them to dance.

And something really important is that types of dog the first type of dog  is the Pomeranian the Pomeranian is 627 in tall it is about 3 to 7 Pounds and can live about 12 or 16 years it is smart and good Watch Dogs. And the next dog I will be talking about is the Husky. The Husky is about 20 to 22 in tall and about 45 to 60 pounds and to live about 12 to 14 years. The husky is very energetic and needs to walk often and can get along well with other dogs. And the next dog I will be talking about is the golden retriever. The golden retriever is about 23 to 24 in tall and about 65 to 75 pounds. This dog can live up to 10 or 12 years and is a good family dogs and it is easy to train and outgoing. And for me I would pick the pomeranian because it is so small and can live a lot of years. That is my favorite.

Dogs are cute and help people be happy. Dogs eat different foods like dog food, meat, raw meat, and vegetables. Dogs can learn to do tricks like jumping, dancing, and laying down. There are a lot of different types of dogs. Some of these are Pomeranians, Huskies, and Golden Retrievers. I hope you learned a lot about dogs and that you get to play with a dog soon!

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By: Madelyn Morillo

BLΛƆKPIИK

Blackpink is a group of girls  all of Jennie, Jisoo, Lisa, and Rosé they all are singer rappers and dancers. They are the biggest girl k-pop girl group. They are the first k-pop girl group that played at Coachella. They all live together  in a house in Korean. Blackpink has a contract with YG Entertainment.The meaning of blackpink is  “I may look sweet, but I don’t act like it,” which is a lyric Jennie says in Ddu-du-ddu-du. Blackpink debuted in 2016. They work hard, and all their Blink love them for who they are. Blackpink has a Documentary  “LIGHT UP THE SKY . This where I began liking blackpink music and their personalities and I have become a big fan. Blackpink is the most followed-kpop artist on Instagram.  Blackpink’s first album was in 2016 the same day they debuted the album Square One. It was a big hit and went straight to the top ten in Korea. They were all trainees, Jennie was first and the first member too. Jisoo and Lisa came second and Jisoo was third then when they were making the group Rosé came. Blackpink had their own show called Blackpink house but they ended the show in 2018. Blackpink has a catch frayes “ BLΛƆKPIИK in your area”

Jisoo

Kim Jisoo is one of the members of  Blackpink. She is 26 years old and she is the unnie “the oldest in the group.”  Jisoo's birthday is January  3 1995. Jisoo is one of the vocalist and vishawals. Jisoo has also acted in movies and shows too pre- blackpink years. Jisoo was born  in Korea and she lives in Korea with the members of blackpink. Jisoo has one dog named Dalgom that she showed in Vlive. Jisoo does have a quirky sense of humor that makes her fans laugh. Jisoo knows how to speak Japanese, Korean, and basic Chinese. She knows how to play piano and drums. Jisoo's nickname is Jisoo Turtle Rabbit Kim or Jichu. Jisoo has hosted  a show called Inkigayo but she does not host any  more and on her last day Lisa and Rosé were her manager so they can support Jisoo on her last day. Jisoo is called 4D which means weird but in a good way and it all so means that she can make someone sad happy. Jisoo  all so like chickcan and she sometimes makes songs about anything and she likes baling bottles on her to make the other members laugh. Jisoo is on a show called Snowdrop in which she is one of the lead cast.

Lisa

Lalisa Manoban is 23 years old, the youngest member and the “maknae of the group.” Lisa’s birthday is March 27,  1997. Lisa is one of the  rappers of the group and she is the lead dancer too. She is the most Followed  k-pop artist on instagram. Lisa lived in Thailand and now lives in Korea with the other members. Lisa has been dancing since she was 13 years old. She has 4 cats named  Leo, Luca, Lily, and Louis. She has no dogs or fish. Lisa knows how to speak Thai and she learned Korean when she moved there in 2011. She also knows  English, Japanese, and basic Chinese. The blink looks up to Lisa because she is so nice and funny . Lisa's aunt had a band  and she would always play with the mic when she was 5 years old. Lisa’s mom mom saw  that she  liked dancing and then Lisa mom signed Lisa up in dance class. Lisa is now the lead dancer of blackpink.  Lisa can play guitar and piano. Lisa’s nicknames are Lala, and Lili. Lisa has a youtube channel call LiliFilm and it has 6.33M subscribers.lisa is the only one who is not korean and when YG went to thailand lisa was going agents 500 people, only one of them were going to get pick and that was lisa she was the only one to get pick to go to korea,she did not know how to speak korean only thai and english so when she met jennie she started to learn korean.

Rosé

Park Chaeyung is 24 years old. Her birthday is  February 11, 1997.she is the lead vocalist of blackpink. Rosé was born in New Zealand and  lived in Australia and now lives in Korea. Rosé has a puppy named hank. Rosé just came out with her own solo album called R and one of the songs is called On The Ground ROSÉ. It is a number one chart worldwide. Rosé knows how to play a guitar and a piano. She has known how to play the piano since she was a kid. Rosé is fluent in English and Japanese. When you get to know their  voice it is easy to recognize Rosé's voice. Rosé can cover english and Korean. Rosé Dad  was the one to tell her to audition for YG entertainment because they were coming for auditions for people in Australia and then Rose did not even know if she wanted to be a singer. She even asks her dad if she wanted to sing ,but Rose thinks that her dad wanted her out because she was all singing on the top of her lungs  at 12 am every night. Rosé nicknames rosie and pasta.

Jennie

Kim Jennie is 25 years old and her birthday is January 16, 1996 .She is the made rapper in blackpink and she is a vocalist too. Jennie was born in Korea, but when she was 8 years old she moved to New Zealand and she went to school there and then in 2010 she moved back to korea and now lives with the rest of the members. Jennie was the first Blackpink member to have their own song solo which is what the song is called SOLO. Jennie has two puppies, Kuma and Kai. Jennie said that she was looking to move to America but then she decided to stay in Korea and become a singer/rapper. Jennie knows how to play piano, guitar,and flute . Jennie nick name is human chanel. Jennie was called human Gucci but now she is called human Chanel because she is in a contract with chanel.

Songs

Blackpink songs are always a big hit and they have

a world wide fan base which they call Blinks. They have had many collabs there song, like Dua Lipa,Cardi B, Selena Gomez, And Lady gaga. And they want to do collabs with Ariana Grande even though she helped write Ice Cream  by Selena Gomez and blackpink so is that a collaboration? Their biggest hit was DDU-DU DDU-DU and Kill This Love. A lot of artists are big fans of blackpink like Halsey, Ariana Grande,IU,Shawn Mendes, Harry styles and Drake  and   many more. Jennie and Rosé have had their own song or album  and Jisoo and Lisa have not, but there has been rumors that Lisa will make her own song and Jisoo too after she is done filming her K-drama Snowdrop she will be filming her solo song rumor to be coming out after Lisa song . In the beginning of the year Lisa and Rosé have confirmed that they are both making solo songs together. Blackpink has many songs  but has been making world records.

I hope you learned something about blackpink or even learn who they are. Blackpink is all the girl together and all there Blink”blackpink Bl from black ink from pink there fans”. Blackpink is the  most popular k-pop  girl group. Jisoo , Lisa, Jennie,and Rosé. I hope you came too  like Blackpink  a little. Their songs are all so good and solo songs  too they work so hard at what they do. They have fans all through different ages and celebrities are fans too, not just singers but like James Charles, James Corden, Kendall Jenner, Will Smith, and Charli D'amelio.

Now I  have to say goodbye and BLΛƆKPIИK in your area.

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By Levi Tomaszewski

Although dirt biking is very dangerous it can be fun most of the time. It is an extreme sport that many people like, both doing it themselves or watching people do it on tv or youtube. There are many different types of dirt bike races. There are also a few racers who have a lot of success in dirt bike riding. Because racing is so dangerous there is a lot of gear that you need to wear to stay safe. Finally, there are many flags that are very important in racing.

Motocross (MX) is outside, it has bigger jumps and It’s more dangerous. Another race is Supercross Supercross (SX) which is inside a stadium. SX has smaller jumps, which makes it less dangerous than MX. There are many others such as Arenacross, Trials, Enduro, and Trails. Arenacross is smaller than Supercross in a stadium with smaller jumps, but it is just as long as Supercross. Trails are trails, there are many either in the sand, the dirt, or the forest. Trails come in many different distances. Although it's not legal in some places, there are many places where you can trail ride. Enduro is normally a long ride with many challenges and obstacles for them to face. Trials are like hopping around on rocks with your dirt bike. Although trials aren’t normally used with normal bikes, they have their own kind of bike. They are slower bikes but it also dips down in the middle. On a trial dirt bike it's not recommended to sit down.

There are many successful riders in different types of dirt bike racing. Stefan Everts is successful in Motocross and Jeremy McGrath in Supercross. Kyle Bitterman won the championship in  Arenacross 2020. Yrjö Vesterinen is well known in trials for winning 3 times in a row. Billy Bolt is successful in Enduro racing. There are many successful riders in dirt bike riding but Sefan Everts, Jeremy McGrath, Kyle Bitterman, Yrjö Vesterinen, and Billy Bolt are some of the best riders in the different types of dirt bike races. Jeremy McGrath started freestyle motocross, by doing the Nac Nac on a BMX bike. He also did this on a dirt bike and it became a famous trick.

It is important to wear safety gear to stay safe. That is why there are very protective helmets, chest pads, boots, knee pads, pants, gloves, and shirts. If you don’t wear this you could get badly hurt. Of course it’s all up to you, but they make the gear for a reason. The most important part about riding a dirt bike though is having fun. You have to stay safe while you have fun. The most important protective gear is helmets, because you can get hurt way more by not wearing a helmet. Especially when you first start off riding a dirt bike, it is critical for you to wear safety gear.

There are also many flags in racing so riders know what to do. The green flag means at the end of the opening lap everything went okay at the starting line. The yellow flag is probably the most common, you might see it multiple times in one race. It means that a rider is down at this location, caution. A blue flag means the leader is coming through and lapping you, slow down so you dont interfere with the leader. The red flag means that the race has been stopped, but if 90% has been completed,they cut the race there. The riders positions remain where they stopped, and that is your official position. The white flag means that it's the final lap of the race. Checkered flag means that it’s the end of the race. The red cross flag means that a person appart of the Medical team with gear is on the track, so you must have more caution than the yellow flag with the red cross flag. The black flag means that the race stopped for one spicific rider. I got this imformation from: https://www.dirtbikes101.com/motocross-flags-meaning.html.

I hope you have a better understanding of how dirt biking works. Maybe you can try it or even watch it on tv. Just remember to stay calm and try to keep your balance. It's almost like regular biking but without the pedaling part. You might think you get no exercise from it and it’s just sitting around, but if you do it for a while it starts to get tiring. I hope you might try it or start watching it on tv, It's really fun.

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Whales

Did you know that in some whale’s vomit is in perfumes? There are many different  fun facts about whales! Along with information on what whales like, what whales eat  and how whales talk. Also, whales live in many different places. I hope you learn a little more about whales once you are done reading this!

Whales eat many different ocean sea creatures. All whales feed on krill. Sometimes they eat other sea creatures in their diet like copepod, crustaceans, and smaller fish. Also, some whales hunt for their food like the humpback whale , Baleen whale, and toothed whale. They hunt for schools of fish and they get a big dinner.

Just like dolphins, whales use different sounds to communicate. The three main types of sounds made by whales are clicks, whistles, and pulsed calls.Clicks are believed to be for navigation and identifying physical surroundings. When the sound waves bounce off of an object, they return to the whale, allowing the whale to identify the shape of the object. Clicks can help to tell the difference between friendly creatures and predators.Whistles and pulsed calls are used during their fun time. Pulsed calls are more frequent and sound like squeaks, screams, and squawks to the human ear. Fun fact, only baleen whales such as the blue whale, fin whale,humpback whale, bowhead, and minke whale can sing.

Whales can be found inhabiting all of the world's major oceans. They can be found from the Arctic and Antarctic oceans to the tropical waters in and around the equator's center, depending on the  species and migration patterns. For example, killer whales can be found in all of the major oceans of the world. They are more concerned with migrating to where their food supply goes, except when they mate. On the other hand, Humpback whales travel thousands of miles from the colder polar regions they inhibit to warmer tropical climates during migration periods to find a mate. During these trips, humpback whales will completely focus on eating and getting to their mating grounds. Also, blue whales can be found traveling all the major oceans. They can be seen swimming in colder places during the feeding season, and then migrate to tropical waters when mating season comes.

Fun facts Did you know that there are two different types of whales they are called Baleen whales, and toothed whales. Toothed whales eat fish and squid because they have sharp teeth. Baleen whales have fibrous teeth instead of teeth so they can filter krill and plankton. Also, humpback whales from the southern hemisphere can survive for about five to seven months eating of their fat reserves. All toothed whales have a melon in their head so they can talk and do Echolocation. Gray whales make one of the longest annual migrations of any mammal: they travel about 10,000 miles (16,000 km) round trip!

Whales are amazing creatures there are so many facts about whales it is crazy. They can do amazing things, like to sing . I hope you learned some facts about whales. Some places around the world  allow whale hunting! I hope that some people will stop whale hunting so whales don’t go Extinct.

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Ticks

Behavior, locations, and growth

Ticks are parasites that feed on blood to sustain themselves and literally are like small living gross balloons when engorged. Ticks will lay eggs which hatch into larvae that already crave blood and need blood to survive and reach adulthood. They normally hang onto things like leaves and other vegetation that creatures normally touch and when an organism with blood does so the ticks stick their arms out and grab the creature. Then they crawl around finding a place to burrow and embed themselves in with their teeth. Once it’s jaws are clamped onto the creature’s body they start to mess things up by sucking blood out of the area and as they do this they grow larger and become engorged and look like a grape with a small bug on it. Ticks also prefer some blood types over others their favorite is A they also like Q and AB but they’re least favorite is B.

Getting rid of ticks

They can be removed with tweezers or if they are not enlarged yet you have a chance of easily removing them with your hands but you should be careful they can have diseases such as the lyme disease so you should avoid this by not touching the part that looks like a small grape when engorged or touching blood consumed by the ticks as it can be infected and the disease can leak through the pores of your skin. Another thing to look out for is the fact that if you take them off when they are engorged and fully burrowed you will have to tear them off of your skin because they embed themselves in it and if removed in this state you will also bleed. If they are diseased you should get treatment. Many herbs can also be repellant to ticks such as lavender, peppermint, citronella, lemongrass, cedar, rose geranium, and citrus can keep ticks away, a way to use this to your advantage is to use shampoos and soaps to clean yourself. You can kill them safely by dropping them into containers of alcohol. Ticks can carry the following diseases lyme disease, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, powassan virus disease, borrelia miyamotai disease, borrelia mayonii disease, and rocky mountains spotted fever.

Appearance

A tick’s size can start at about as small as a pin’s end or as big as the tips of someone’s pinky toe. Ticks that are that large have feasted on so much blood that their backs expanded with blood we call these engorged ticks. Young ticks have six legs while adults have eight legs. Ticks can have hard skin or soft and leathery skin and their backs are normally brown, pale gray, orange, or white.

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by rhys Refs

The referees are an important part of the game the refs are just like the players on the court they run up and down the court just like the players and they do just as much as the players they also call the fouls on the court like if someone slaps the other players arm while he is shooting that is a foul and he will get two free shots.

The different types of fouls

There are a lot of fouls in the nba. There are the technical fouls, the flagrant fouls, the intenchinal  fouls and also just a normal foul there are also some fouls where you can get kicked out of the game. For example when you get two technical fouls ur ejected from the game when u get a flagrant foul there is levels to it there is level 1 level 2 level 3 level 3 is when you can get kicked out of the game.

How much money u make in the nba

U can make 1 million dollars in your first year in the nba some people have been in the nba for 11 years and they make 40 million dollars a year that's crazzzzy.and sometimes if u get another player injured u will lose money from the money that the nba ow u .

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 Plants                                        By Amelia                                                               When I say, “Think of something super helpful that we wouldn't be able to live without,” you would probably say something like a phone, or whatever else. But something else has been living with us on this planet for billions of years, ( I think even more). And that something is plants. Ever wonder where you get oxygen? Well, plants. Ever wonder where most of your food comes? Plants. So plants are something you don’t really think about often, but they help you and me live. Right now I am going to explain how plants even live. I mean, they don’t even have mouths! Simple, plants use something called photosynthesis ( it may be tricky to pronounce it at first ) . Photosynthesis is a process in which a plant uses the sun, air, and water to make food. Firstly, the plant takes oxygen and water from the soil using its roots. Then, it uses its cells in leaves called chloroplast which contain the energy from the sun to make glucose. Glucose is a sugary like substance. Then, the stem takes it to the plant cells which then “eat” the glucose. Plus, during photosynthesis, the plant gives off oxygen which helps other living things breathe. Now you know how Photosynthesis works!So now that you know how plants live, I will tell you about very weird plants that you may or may not see everyday. For example the Tillandsia Tectorum  is an air plant. Air plants don’t need soil to grow! They  work a bit differently than other plants. They only need water, sun, and air to grow. The leaves suck in oxygen and other nutrients they need from the air. Considering that they can survive long periods of time without water, they do need to be watered. Another very weird plant is the Venus Flytrap.It lives in South Carolina where it hunts. Yes! The Venus Fly Trap got its name from hunting flies, small frogs, and other small insects.  Finally, the last weird plant is the Victoria Plant. It is a very large lily pad. How large? Large enough to hold you!  And those are only some of the weirdest plants yet.	                                 	Plants are usually considered as outdoor objects. But most can also be grown in a house,apartment, or in any type of building. Though some may have other needs than others. For example succulents don’t need much water but LOTS of sunlight. And air plants don’t need soil and very little water. While the spider plant doesn’t ask for much sunlight but to be watered once per week. And you will have to be super rich if you want to own the victorian lily pad! It needs a natural pond or river and a hot and damp environment. So it depends under what circumstances you live in , and what type of plant you have.	I hope while reading this essay, you have learned about how to take care of a plant, about types of plants, and photosynthesis. Those are great  facts to learn to start caring for a plant of your own, or just for fun. Plants are very important to our planet and to our surroundings. They give food and filter our air. Because when we breathe out air, it becomes carbon dioxide which might be deadly if you breathe it in again, and plants filter that air and make it into oxygen again. I hope that now you know more about plants and perhaps start growing one of your own!	 	

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 Plants                                        By Amelia                                                               When I say, “Think of something super helpful that we wouldn't be able to live without,” you would probably say something like a phone, or whatever else. But something else has been living with us on this planet for billions of years, ( I think even more). And that something is plants. Ever wonder where you get oxygen? Well, plants. Ever wonder where most of your food comes? Plants. So plants are something you don’t really think about often, but they help you and me live. Right now I am going to explain how plants even live. I mean, they don’t even have mouths! Simple, plants use something called photosynthesis ( it may be tricky to pronounce it at first ) . Photosynthesis is a process in which a plant uses the sun, air, and water to make food. Firstly, the plant takes oxygen and water from the soil using its roots. Then, it uses its cells in leaves called chloroplast which contain the energy from the sun to make glucose. Glucose is a sugary like substance. Then, the stem takes it to the plant cells which then “eat” the glucose. Plus, during photosynthesis, the plant gives off oxygen which helps other living things breathe. Now you know how Photosynthesis works!So now that you know how plants live, I will tell you about very weird plants that you may or may not see everyday. For example the Tillandsia Tectorum  is an air plant. Air plants don’t need soil to grow! They  work a bit differently than other plants. They only need water, sun, and air to grow. The leaves suck in oxygen and other nutrients they need from the air. Considering that they can survive long periods of time without water, they do need to be watered. Another very weird plant is the Venus Flytrap.It lives in South Carolina where it hunts. Yes! The Venus Fly Trap got its name from hunting flies, small frogs, and other small insects.  Finally, the last weird plant is the Victoria Plant. It is a very large lily pad. How large? Large enough to hold you!  And those are only some of the weirdest plants yet.	                                 	Plants are usually considered as outdoor objects. But most can also be grown in a house,apartment, or in any type of building. Though some may have other needs than others. For example succulents don’t need much water but LOTS of sunlight. And air plants don’t need soil and very little water. While the spider plant doesn’t ask for much sunlight but to be watered once per week. And you will have to be super rich if you want to own the victorian lily pad! It needs a natural pond or river and a hot and damp environment. So it depends under what circumstances you live in , and what type of plant you have.	I hope while reading this essay, you have learned about how to take care of a plant, about types of plants, and photosynthesis. Those are great  facts to learn to start caring for a plant of your own, or just for fun. Plants are very important to our planet and to our surroundings. They give food and filter our air. Because when we breathe out air, it becomes carbon dioxide which might be deadly if you breathe it in again, and plants filter that air and make it into oxygen again. I hope that now you know more about plants and perhaps start growing one of your own!	 	

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Gymnastics

Do you know what gymnastics is? Well it is a sport that is very popular in the olmpicys. It involves 4 events, bar, beam , vault and floor and when you go to the gym you need an outfit . Girls wear leotards and boys wear tank tops and pants but this writing is about the girls events . Also we will be talking about Simon Biles, an  Olympic gymnast. She has her own moves that only she can do that aren't that crazy. I think she is a very good role model for gymnasts. If you look at the very end you will see some pictures of what the events look like and how you do them and do not try moves you are scared to try.  because you do not want to hurt yourself and that is for safety reasons if you want to learn hard moves you should sign up for gymnastics and if you are a self taught gymnast like me and you are not scared just don't do anything you are scared to do.   I hope that you have chosen gymnastics and if not that is fine. also gym makes you very very strong jus of all the weight when you do a handstand your arm get stronger and when you do a bake bend your arms become and your back become really strong a thing that i think is odd is that gymnasts are very short and you don't need to be short to become a gymnast it doesn't matter.

bar - an event where you have two bars one high and low some of  the trixes. are sole circle  dismount, fly away tuced, flyaway piked, flyaway stretched and fly away tuck ½ and these are not all when you do bar you put your handles in calck so the stick to the bar and you don't slip  you jump and swing on the bar and then you go into a routine and then you dismount back on to a matt that was placed under the bars and that is the bar event

Beam- beam is a event that takes balens and lots of grace and the beam tricks may seem the same as te floor one s but you have to cup your hands around the side of the long skinny beam some of the moves are back handspring front handspring back bend kick over splits jumps and so much more and to get good at beam you should start by walking across it an gaming balance so the you can do a lot of cool stuff on the beam event and some people best event is beam and some are not it just depends on what you like and then you will become a good gymnast on beam if you want to

Vault - vault is a gymnastics event that includes a vault which is a v shaped thing with springs and leather on the top and that keeps you hands from not hurting and you need to have a lot of balance  and this is something common people tend to like floor and vault more then beam and bar  i also think people like me like floor because when you do bar you need to swing to get the momentum to do your tricks which can be hard and tiring if you have other events to go to

The gear you wear boys and girls all wear certain outfits girls wear leotards and boys wear pants and tight t shirts or tank tops girls leotards can be long or short sleeved and the can have all sorts of colors and designs to them  boy namely were a white tank top or t shit and they were black pants and that is what the boys were also when you do bar you get this call that stops you from sleeping of the bars so you get a good score and for floor you just need a big mat so if you fall you fall on a nice soft mat and i think that before you try and hard moves you learn the basics and get a cartwheel a back bead and a handstand and then you should go to lessons to learn harder moves like a handspring a front flip and a backflip and back hand spring so then you won't hurt yourself and you have some wone to help and spot you if you need the extra help to get some moves done and if you want to be a gymnast you can paratis and soon you will be very talented.

Can I tell you about someone her name is simon  biles and she is a olympic gymnast  she has 4 gold medals and she has 5 in all and that is just showing that one out of five is gold salmon bills is very talented and she has two moves that she can only do and here they are  this is her moves and they are very impressed

Click on the link to see a video of here doing her moves they are very impressive  in conclusion you can see that simon biles has her own moves and that she is very good because she has practice a lot and she has become the 1 gymnast in the usa and she is only 24 years old that is uong  and that shows that you can put a lot of effort and you can come up on the top

Now that you have learned about simon biles and bar beam and vault and floor and bar and the gear that they wear and now. i hope that you will either watch gym or learn gym and that it is nice and doing gym. will impress your friends and that is a good thing and they will be impressed. then they will be taught by you and then they will probably teach their friends and it all happened because you decided to and me and my friend perform so you could do that if you wanted to share your gym with other people and that. will be it and if you want to watch the olympics watch the summer one not the winter one and then you might see simon bileds and she is a very good gymnast

This is what a regular gym would look like

Glossary

beam - a gymnastics event that has a lot of grace and balance

Valt - a event where you run and do a very fast move

Floor - where you do some of weller known gymnastics moves

Bar - an even that takes a strong's arms to get the momentum to get you going

Events - a thing you can do in gymnastics like bar beam and vault

these are what the uneven bar look like as you can see they are uneven

this is what a valt looks like and there is always something you run on and spring up on to and valt looks like your flying when people watch you

this is what a beam looks like you need a lot of grace and balance to master it

this is what the floof looks like for gymnastics and it is a little bouncy so the gymnast can get a little jump so they can go high but the mosty run to get momentum

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Service Dogs

There are so many different types of service dogs, and there are many different reasons that you may need one. To be qualified to have a service dog you must have a disability that affects your day-to-day life. It can be Anxiety, Depression, Epilepsy (seizures), Blindness, Hearing, Autism, diabetes, or any other psychiatric disability. There are 5 things you need to know about service dogs, Types of Breeds, ESA’s vs Service dogs, Training, Tasks They Can Do, and lastly Uses.

Types of Breeds

Here are 5 types of dog breeds that are the best out of them all. Number 1, Labrador Retriever, they are kind, trusting, outgoing, and intelligent. Number 2, Golden Retriever,  they are friendly (but that could be bad in some cases), confident, reliable, and trustworthy. Number 3, German Shepherds, they are obedient, watchful, curious, and loyal. Number 4, Border Collie, they are energetic, keen, responsive, and alert. Number 5, Poodles, they are trainable, faithful, and active. A lot of these breeds have much in common because they are used for the same purpose, but some are better than others, in my opinion, Labrador Retrievers are the best service breed so far.

ESA’s vs Service Dogs

So you would think that there are just service dogs, but there are 2 more kinds of dogs that help people do different things. There are ESA’s (emotional support animals) and therapy dogs, ESA’s are supposed to be at home and are not allowed into stores and now not allowed onto planes because their handlers (their owners) claimed that they were service dogs to have extra attention, and to get onto the plane early, so ESA’s are now banned from planes. Secondly, there are therapy dogs, therapy dogs are for people’s comfort only and have been seen only in therapy appointments, and sometimes at hospitals. It is clear that there are a few different types of dogs that assist people and all of them do different things to help out.

Training

Usually, the dog is pretty young when they are trained and they are about 6 or 7 months old when the dog is brought to the training center to get trained to be a service dog.  All of the training is hard because the dog needs to not be bothered by any distractions, and/or people trying to pet the dog. Puppies in training use badges to tell people that they are in training and can not be touched. When the dog is grown and is fully trained, they get a service dog vest and a leash, the training can be up to 4 years and can be a minimum of 2 years. When the dogs are a puppy, they get to see their owners for the first time just before they get trained, they get to see the puppy, and they get to see their future handler because they need to get to know you and trust you. They enjoy seeing you and just getting to know and trust you before they are trained, so when in a few years, they will already know you and remember you

Tasks They Can Do

The most helpful thing that a service dog can do is some tasks to assist you during your daily life. To begin, one of their tasks is to get your medicine for you if you can’t get it yourself. Another task is crowd control, that task is where the dog either circles around you and pushes people from being too close to you, or they lay in between your legs and make themselves as long as possible, so that people back off of you. If you have a dog, you would know that you need to walk them and feed them, to have a daily routine. This is important to your health too because you need to get outside and some people with different psychiatric disabilities don’t want to get out of bed or they can’t keep a routine, so the dog will make you get out of bed and feed them to keep a pretty good routine.

Uses

So there are many different uses and needs for a service dog, but there are so many more than you think, there are dogs for hearing, where if someone is talking to you,  the dog will look at you and then you know that someone is talking to you. Another one is blindness, whereas, your dog will look out for you and help you avoid people so you don’t bother them while you are walking. Also, there is anxiety, the dog keeps you from having an anxiety attack, or panic attack.  For epilepsy (seizures) the dogs alert you when you are going to have a seizure or faint, so they either paw at you or nudge your leg or anywhere that you choose. There is autism, where the dog helps calm you down, and the dog is always there. Lastly for diabetes, the dog alerts you if you have really high or really low blood sugar that could save your life. If you see a service dog that either says it’s for diabetes, seizures, or really any kind, don't just go and try and pet it because that dog is working and you distract them, they could  miss an alert and that could be life threatening to their handler’s life.

So now that you know why service dogs are so important, the types of breeds, ESA’s vs service dogs, their training, the tasks they can do, and the uses, you have a newfound appreciation for service dogs, and why they are so important to so many people. I hope that the next time that you see a service dog, you know that the dog is important to the handler, and that they are working hard and may be saving a life.

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Cats
      By Luke Callan :D
Cats are a very important type of animal for living in peoples houses, to make the owner smile and not feel lonely! Anyways, this is a documentary about Cats, so you can learn more about your cat! :D

Subtopic 1. What Cats Eat:	Cats eat a huge variety of different food, but most of the time they can only eat certain Human food, and Cat food. So for this list, I’m Just gonna name a few foods that cats can eat. To begin with, there’s Tuna, Mackerel, sardines,Turkey, Cooked beef, Chicken, Bread, Blueberries, Raspberries, Broccoli, and ect. In conclusion, there are some foods that you can feed to your cat! :D

Subtopic #2 Types of Bengal cats:  for this short subtopic, I’m just gonna talk about a few types of bengal cats! some other types of cats that look just like Bengal cats! toi  begin with, there’s The Savannah Cat, The Egyptian Mau, The American Curl, And The Ocicat! :D

Subtopic #3 Things to buy for your cat:	this subtopic is just gonna be about a few things to buy for your cat! To begin with, There's cat food, cat toys, bowls and plates for water in the bowl, and food on the plate! A leash, a cat tree if affordable, a spray bottle incase if your cat is being pretty naghty, a scratch pad, and if you would like, a cat christmas hat for the winter holidays, or whenever you would like! And as a result,those were a list of things to buy for your cat! :D

Conclusion:	Thank you for reading my essay about cats! Now you should know a lot more things about taking care of a cat! I really hope that when you walk away from this story, you will have learned at least one more thing about cats that you didn't know before reading this essay! Ok! Bye!

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By Blake

The Best of the best

By Blake

Introduction: This is an essay about The three best NBA players ever, 1 Michael Jordan, 2 Kobe Bryant, 3 Kevin Durant.If you have never heard of these you’ve got a lot to learn.The all mention their birthday, high school/college, fun facts, and draft year and overall pick. There are 2 Different parts of basketball, Offense and Defence all though basketball is the sport I know that you play offense and defence. Defence is where  you have to guard your opponent and stop them from scoring. Offense Is where you have to try to score, ok so in basketball there is a hoop that is normally 10ft tall and a basketball. There are 3 different sizes of balls, 29.5 for 6th grade and up, 28.5 for 3rd to 5th grade, and 27.5 for second and under. In the NBA draft there are two rounds in the draft, 30 players in each round of the draft. There is also a WNBA ( Women's National Basketball Association ).

1. Michael Jordan was the best player to ever play in the NBA  [National Basketball Association].

Michael was born on February 17,1963, he was born in Brooklyn,Ny. Michael went to Laney high school and for college he went to The University of North Carolina. He has 5 kids and 4 siblings. Michael and the Chicago bulls have five championships, Jordan has 5 regular season MVPs, and three all-star MVPs. Jordan stands at the height  of 6’6. His zodiac sign is Aquarius. Jordans estimated net worth is more than 1 billion dollars. Michael now works for the Charlotte Hornets and is 58 years-old, He recently made a show called the [ The Last Dance ]   It is about him and the Chicago Bulls. Every player has an on and off switch but Jordan was never off, We know this because in the 1997 NBA finals Michael played with the flu and scored 38 points. So that is why he is number one on the best 3 players. Clips from Michael Jordan's FLU game. Michael has released 35 shoes not including the retro and colorways.

Kobe is Number 2 on this list. He was born on August 23,1978 In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sadly on January 26, 2020 the legend and his daughter Gianna Bryant died in a helicopter crash on their way to a basketball game. This tragedy happened in Calabasas, California. He went to high school at Lower Merion high school and after that he went straight to The NBA draft. He was drafted in the 1997 draft in the first round he was picked #13 to the Charlotte Hornets but later that night got traded to the Las Angeles  Lakers. He wore the number 8 then later changed it to 24. In his farewell game he scored 60 points to win the game against the Utah Jazz, Kobe was one of the only players to stay with one team. His full name is Kobe Bean Bryant. Here is the link to his top 100 plays. Kobe has released 22 basketball shoes.

3. Kevin Durant is number 3 on this list for his amazing talent. Kevin grew up in Washington DC, United States of America. He is known for his amazing ability to score, and play defence. He went to Oak Hill Academy for high school and Kevin went to college at the University Of Texas, In 2007 he was drafted to the Seattle SuperSonics In the first round he was 2nd pick.  Later the SuperSonics went to Oklahoma and their name changed to the Oklahoma City Thunder. In the summer of 2016 Kevin was traded to the Golden State Warriors, with Kevin the won 2 finals and won two finals MVP. Kevin was number 35  because  his youth Coach died at 35. Kevin Durant's First NBA Game! (IMPRESSIVE, These are some clips of his first game in seattle. He was born in Suitland,Maryland on September 29, 1988 he is 32 years old, his zodiac sign is Libra. His full name is Kevin Wayne Durant. Kevin a.k.a (KD) has released 12 different shoes.

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The Human Brain
By, Takira White
Introduction:
Has anyone ever said you have a big brain??? I know that my parents have said that to me on occasion. Anyways, the reason why I am bringing this up is because, just in case you were really wondering about if that was a fact, I have looked it up, but before I did that, I made a prediction about it. I predicted that it would be false. That was my prediction because, from my past research, my resources said that your brain triples after the first year of its life, it didn’t say that every year it triples, or that it grows in size when you get smarter. So, when I googled it, google said that your brain doesn’t physically grow in size but...the more you use your brain the more advanced it’ll get. Now, I will be teaching you about many things but just to wrap this up, I am just going to say that you will be reading about a paragraph that covers the science behind, some did you know facts and a paragraph call right & left. Many would agree that these topics may not sound so sophisticated, but the human brain is. The human brain is so sophisticated and detailed. What matters is what I wrote in the paragraphs, not what the paragraphs are called.
Science Behind:
The human brain is super interesting, and that is a fact. Many people including myself for a while didn’t realize it until i started to research, read and study about it. If you are the one reading this and you are not interested in the human brain, then that just means you have to dig a little deeper to understand the science behind the human brain, that goes without saying. I am going to tell you a little bit about the bit about the human brain, like the parts of the brain, how many there are, and I am even going to teach you about what a couple of the parts do. Now, there are three main parts: Cerebrum. Cerebellum. Brain stem. “Positioned below the cortex and behind the brainstem, the cerebellum is finely folded into a series of gyri and sulci similar to the cortex. Primarily responsible for motor control, the cerebellum controls balance and movement.” Information was provided by www.healthline.com. And now, the coolest part of the brain, “The cerebrum, the large, outer part of the brain, controls reading, thinking, learning, speech, emotions and planned muscle movements like walking. It also controls vision, hearing and other senses.” Information provided by www.hopkinsmedicine.org. And finally, The brain stem. “The brain stem integrative functions, including cardiovascular system control, respiratory control, pain sensitivity control, alertness, awareness, and consciousness.” Information provided by https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/the-brain-stem/. As you can see, the brain is not a small body part. Without the brain, we would be considered animals. The difference between us and animals is that we can make decisions. In other words, we can use our brains to make decisions, so can a dog, or a cat, or even a parrot, but we can make an educated guess that won't involve treats.
Did you know:
Just to begin with, I am going to tell you 5 interesting facts about the human brain. 1. Multitasking is impossible. 2. An adult brain weighs about 3 pounds. 3, 75percent of the brain is made up of water. 4, The human brain triples its size after the first year of its life. And 5. The human brain carries about one hundred billion neurons. And just for fun, 6. Headaches are caused by chemical reactions. Just in-case you don’t know what a neuron is, I am just going to tell you that a neuron is the part of your brain that sends out signals. Finally, I know that the first part of this topic might have been dry as a bone and as boring as when my 3rd grade brother starts to talk about his toy cars, so just for fun, I am going to add a little Q&A section . 1. Do humans share the same DNA as bananas? Humans share 50% of our DNA with our parents, but 50 percent of our genes with bananas, which equals about 1 percent of our DNA, so in other words, YES, but only 1 percent. Now, question 2 of 4. Can brain activity light up a small light bulb? When you are awake, your brain generates about 12-25 watts of electricity which is enough to light up a small light bulb, or in simple words, YES!!! Question 3 of 4, Can the human brain physically get smaller. The answer is yes!!! Your brain keeps on developing until you are in your late 40’s! In other words, the older you get, the smaller your brain gets. In my opinion, that is just crazy!!! Finally, question 4 of 4, Do humans use only 10 percent of their brain??? That is...
FALSE!!!!!!!!!!! Us humans actually use all of our brain, even when we are sleeping we use more than 10 percent of it.

Right & left:
Right and left, right and left? When you say the words, right and left, I don’t think of the brain, well I use to not, until the day that I learned a new cool fact, that fact was, the more you use your right hand, the smarter the left side of your brain is and the more you use your left hand, the smarter the right side of your brain will get. This fact is interesting to me because I found it weird that half your brain could be totally stupid while the other could be a math prodogy. This is true because the left side is connected to your right brain and your right side is connected to your left brain, so in other words, the more you use one side, the smarter the opposite side of the brain gets. So, just think about your brain, are you a righty, a lefty, or ambidextrous. I know that I am ambidextrous, but I use my right hand a bit more often, so you could say that my left side of my brain is a bit smarter than my right side. Just to wrap up the paragraph, I just wanted to tell you that the human brain is very complex. Scientists are still learning about the human brain, so that just shows the human brain is VERY complex and complicated!
Conclusions:
In conclusion, you have finally made it to the end of my essay. The essay which is focused on the topic, the human brain. Quick tip, when, or if you ever bec9me a Neuroscientist , Ihope that when you are researching about the human brain, testing and studying about it, you don’t jump to conclusions. I am saying this because the human brain is different from something that is so called, a normal thing. And just so you know, if you thought my essay was dry as a bone, just google a whole bunch of weird stuff about the human brain, like i did with a banana . The human brain can be weird, funny, confusing, complicated, maybe all of them at once but that shouldn’t stop you from learning about the human brain. I hope that you enjoyed my Human brain essay. Thanks for reading!!!
Glossary:
Brain:
The human brain is the command center for the human nervous system. Human Brain: Facts, Functions & Anatomy | Live Science
Cerebrum:
(seh-REE-brum) The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres.
https://www.cancer.gov
Cerebellum
(SAYR-eh-BEH-lum) The portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the brain stem. Definition of cerebellum - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms - National ...
Brain stem
: the part of the brain composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata and connecting the spinal cord with the forebrain and cerebrum.
https://www.merriam-webster.com
cortex
when used generally, the term cortex (which is Latin for "bark") refers to the outermost layer of a structure.
Cerebral cortex - definition — Neuroscientifically Challenged
cardiovascular
of, relating to, or involving the heart and blood vessels
https://www.merriam-webster.com
DNA
DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code. Like a recipe book it holds the instructions for making all the proteins in our bodies What is DNA? | Facts | yourgenome.org

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Introduction

Do you like huskies well if you do then this article is for you. Huskies are very unique and do many things. There are three main things that are unique about huskies. Types of huskies, their habitats and just why in general. Huskies are very unique and there are many things that make them unique but these three things make them very unique and very special.

Types of Huskies

Huskies have many types like the siberien husky, alackin husky, and akita husky. The siberien husky is probably best known for their dog sledding but they were originally bred for Chukchi people of Siberia to hunt more efficiently. Even so they are still sweet, cuddly, and loyal. The alaskin husky is larger, more lean, and has more endurance  than siberien huskies. These dogs are very intelligent, need lots of exercise, and hate to be alone. This makes them constantly socialize. The akita huskies on the other hand are very traditional japanese dogs. They are even known as a symbol of good health, happiness, and a long life. They also have a very protective nature and are even compared to pitbulls and other very protective dogs.

Huskies Habitats

You might be wondering right now where these special dogs originated from? Well these dogs actually originate from siberia where the chukkia people bred to help them hunt. But it was brought to Alaska for sled racing. These dogs were so good at it that they became an established and constant winner. But huskies can live anywhere and have an amazing life anywhere they want.

Why Huskies Are Unique

Huskies are a very unique breed like how most huskies have blue eyes. This is only one of the unique characteristics of huskies.  These dogs also have very friendly personalities. For example when my dog is sleeping somewhere and there is no one else around her  she would move to where everyone else is. Also huskies can come in many different colors. They can be white, gray and white, and even red and white. These dogs are very unique as you can see.

Ending

I think that huskies are amazing and unique dogs for many things but manly for their types, habitats and just mainly why they are unique. These dogs are really amazing  and are great companies and are very lovable. Huskies are very unique. I hope you learned something new and maybe liked huskies more.

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Tropical Rainforests					   By Alexandre Lavoie												        Introduction	What do you think tropical rainforests are? Tropical rainforests are lush green vegetation spreading out for miles and miles and miles in all directions. They’re one of the biggest ecosystems on land and on the planet. You can find them almost anywhere in the world. Three important things you must know about the tropical rainforests are: What they are and the Most Popular one, Why They’re Important, and finally, Why are they Endangered. I hope from these topics that you will be able to learn more than a couple things about the tropical rainforests.					         					   What They Are and the Most Popular One	Tropical rainforests are the largest and oldest living ecosystems in the world. They are most commonly found near the equator. They consist of mostly evergreen trees and vegetation. They are home to 50% of the animals in the world. Rainforests cover less than 3% of the world's land, though it used to be 15%. Tropical rainforests help control global rain and weather patterns. Removing them can change the natural weather patterns and contribute to climate change. Tropical rainforests are known as the lungs of the earth. Without them the air would become unhealthy for us to breathe. Tropical rainforests include the most vegetation in the world. Tropical rainforests don’t have nutrient rich soil because the rain washes most of the nutrients away. It is also important to note that there are layers in every tropical rainforest. To begin with, the first and the lowest layer is the forest floor. Where you can find predators, herbivores, omnivores, and insects and other bugs.The next is the understory. This is like in the middle of the medium high trees. You can find other animals in there as well.The third is the canopy. This is like the top of 50 foot tall trees. You can find birds and monkeys. These are mostly the only things that live in the canopy.The final and highest layer is the emergent layer. The highest of the highest trees in the rainforest. You can find bats, birds, and bird nests. Only flying things live up here in the emergent layer.It is important to know that rainforests are mostly found near the equator. The biggest and most known rainforest is the Amazon Rainforest. Found in South America and is part of many different countries. As you can see rainforests are extremely important for the world.							          The green represents how big the amazon rainforest is.            Why Are they importantAn important part of the rainforests is that they produce oxygen for us to breathe in. The reason why they produce oxygen for us to live and breathe is through a process called photosynthesis. This process begins when the plant absorbs sunlight, the next step is by getting water into the roots, after that it absorbs carbon dioxide, which we breathe out. With this it creates sugar that the plants feed on and then release oxygen. Since tropical rainforests contain so much vegetation they produce huge amounts of oxygen for humans and animals to breathe in. Rainforests are extremely important because they produce ⅓ of the world’s oxygen, allowing us to breathe in healthy air. Without the plants and their process of photosynthesis we wouldn’t be breathing and same with the animals. As a result we probably wouldn’t be alive. An important thing to know about the rainforest is that they are a habitat for many species of animals. It is attractive to herbivores (eat plants) because there is a lot of vegetation to eat as a good source of food. There are also fresh streams of water in rainforests for animals to stay hydrated. It is an attractive place for carnivores (eat meat) to live in because there are many animals to eat for a great source of food and a stream of fresh water. If I were an animal I would definitely want to live there.Tropical rainforests are important because of the diversity of plants. To begin with, plants are a very good source of food for many herbivores. Different plants contain different nutrients, minerals, and vitamins. These ingredients help you stay healthy for animals and humans. Plants are extremely important for humans because most of the common medicine found around the world comes from plants. Medicine can help a wound heal, it can cure a disease, and it can also save a life. In addition, plants help steady the climate around the world by absorbing carbon dioxide, a harmful gas to the Earth contributing to global warming. Plants are important because they provide good shelter for animals to protect them from weather, animals, and all sorts of things. Many would agree that the diversity of plants is a very important part of the rainforest.	Lastly, rainforests aren’t just important for the planet, but for tribes that use the rainforest to their advantage so they can have a home. If we keep cutting down the rainforests then some indigenous tribes that live in the rainforest will not have a home to live in. Then they might die before they adapt. Or worse, they can rage war on us and fight for the rainforest. Many would agree this would be a bad result.   Kids running away from a burning forestThese kids used to live in that forest  	    Why Tropical Rainforests are EndangeredA threat to tropical rainforests is that they are being cut down and burned. If tropical rainforests are cut down and burned until nothing is left, then animals who live in the rainforests won’t have a place to live anymore. Also tropical rainforests are filled to the brim with plants that absorb carbon dioxide. In the article, Rainforests- what are the threats to the rainforests, it says, “burning the rainforest is like creating a huge bonfire, throwing massive amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.” This will severely hurt the environment and put a change in the climate. Another threat to tropical rainforests is mineral exploration. In some rainforests there are some very valuable minerals such as gold and other minerals. People who want these minerals for themselves need to cut down the rainforests to get them, destroying the rainforest.Finally, tropical rainforests are endangered because of cattle grazing, and overpopulation. Brazil is an example, it has the largest export of beef around the world. As this population of cattle grows greater, people cut and burn down the rainforest for cattle to graze. This is destroying the rainforests. In addition, over population has had it’s demand to cut down the rainforests and build houses. Many would agree that this is destroying the rainforest. 								 	ConclusionI hope from reading the paragraphs of my essay, What they Are and the Most popular ones, Why are they important, and lastly, Why Tropical Rainforests are Endangered. I think these subtopics are important throughout my essay because you get to no more about the biggest ecosystems in the world that are extremely important for living things and nonliving things. Now I hope that you are a tiny bit more comfortable exploring the rainforests. I hope that you enjoyed reading my essay.									 				  						  						   			            						  

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Tropical Rainforests					   By Alexandre Lavoie												        Introduction	What do you think tropical rainforests are? Tropical rainforests are lush green vegetation spreading out for miles and miles and miles in all directions. They’re one of the biggest ecosystems on land and on the planet. You can find them almost anywhere in the world. Three important things you must know about the tropical rainforests are: What they are and the Most Popular one, Why They’re Important, and finally, Why are they Endangered. I hope from these topics that you will be able to learn more than a couple things about the tropical rainforests.					         					   What They Are and the Most Popular One	Tropical rainforests are the largest and oldest living ecosystems in the world. They are most commonly found near the equator. They consist of mostly evergreen trees and vegetation. They are home to 50% of the animals in the world. Rainforests cover less than 3% of the world's land, though it used to be 15%. Tropical rainforests help control global rain and weather patterns. Removing them can change the natural weather patterns and contribute to climate change. Tropical rainforests are known as the lungs of the earth. Without them the air would become unhealthy for us to breathe. Tropical rainforests include the most vegetation in the world. Tropical rainforests don’t have nutrient rich soil because the rain washes most of the nutrients away. It is also important to note that there are layers in every tropical rainforest. To begin with, the first and the lowest layer is the forest floor. Where you can find predators, herbivores, omnivores, and insects and other bugs.The next is the understory. This is like in the middle of the medium high trees. You can find other animals in there as well.The third is the canopy. This is like the top of 50 foot tall trees. You can find birds and monkeys. These are mostly the only things that live in the canopy.The final and highest layer is the emergent layer. The highest of the highest trees in the rainforest. You can find bats, birds, and bird nests. Only flying things live up here in the emergent layer.It is important to know that rainforests are mostly found near the equator. The biggest and most known rainforest is the Amazon Rainforest. Found in South America and is part of many different countries. As you can see rainforests are extremely important for the world.							          The green represents how big the amazon rainforest is.            Why Are they importantAn important part of the rainforests is that they produce oxygen for us to breathe in. The reason why they produce oxygen for us to live and breathe is through a process called photosynthesis. This process begins when the plant absorbs sunlight, the next step is by getting water into the roots, after that it absorbs carbon dioxide, which we breathe out. With this it creates sugar that the plants feed on and then release oxygen. Since tropical rainforests contain so much vegetation they produce huge amounts of oxygen for humans and animals to breathe in. Rainforests are extremely important because they produce ⅓ of the world’s oxygen, allowing us to breathe in healthy air. Without the plants and their process of photosynthesis we wouldn’t be breathing and same with the animals. As a result we probably wouldn’t be alive. An important thing to know about the rainforest is that they are a habitat for many species of animals. It is attractive to herbivores (eat plants) because there is a lot of vegetation to eat as a good source of food. There are also fresh streams of water in rainforests for animals to stay hydrated. It is an attractive place for carnivores (eat meat) to live in because there are many animals to eat for a great source of food and a stream of fresh water. If I were an animal I would definitely want to live there.Tropical rainforests are important because of the diversity of plants. To begin with, plants are a very good source of food for many herbivores. Different plants contain different nutrients, minerals, and vitamins. These ingredients help you stay healthy for animals and humans. Plants are extremely important for humans because most of the common medicine found around the world comes from plants. Medicine can help a wound heal, it can cure a disease, and it can also save a life. In addition, plants help steady the climate around the world by absorbing carbon dioxide, a harmful gas to the Earth contributing to global warming. Plants are important because they provide good shelter for animals to protect them from weather, animals, and all sorts of things. Many would agree that the diversity of plants is a very important part of the rainforest.	Lastly, rainforests aren’t just important for the planet, but for tribes that use the rainforest to their advantage so they can have a home. If we keep cutting down the rainforests then some indigenous tribes that live in the rainforest will not have a home to live in. Then they might die before they adapt. Or worse, they can rage war on us and fight for the rainforest. Many would agree this would be a bad result.   Kids running away from a burning forestThese kids used to live in that forest  	    Why Tropical Rainforests are EndangeredA threat to tropical rainforests is that they are being cut down and burned. If tropical rainforests are cut down and burned until nothing is left, then animals who live in the rainforests won’t have a place to live anymore. Also tropical rainforests are filled to the brim with plants that absorb carbon dioxide. In the article, Rainforests- what are the threats to the rainforests, it says, “burning the rainforest is like creating a huge bonfire, throwing massive amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.” This will severely hurt the environment and put a change in the climate. Another threat to tropical rainforests is mineral exploration. In some rainforests there are some very valuable minerals such as gold and other minerals. People who want these minerals for themselves need to cut down the rainforests to get them, destroying the rainforest.Finally, tropical rainforests are endangered because of cattle grazing, and overpopulation. Brazil is an example, it has the largest export of beef around the world. As this population of cattle grows greater, people cut and burn down the rainforest for cattle to graze. This is destroying the rainforests. In addition, over population has had it’s demand to cut down the rainforests and build houses. Many would agree that this is destroying the rainforest. 								 	ConclusionI hope from reading the paragraphs of my essay, What they Are and the Most popular ones, Why are they important, and lastly, Why Tropical Rainforests are Endangered. I think these subtopics are important throughout my essay because you get to no more about the biggest ecosystems in the world that are extremely important for living things and nonliving things. Now I hope that you are a tiny bit more comfortable exploring the rainforests. I hope that you enjoyed reading my essay.									 				  						  						   			            						  

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Intro

Have you always wanted a dog? But you're not sure which one to get? Do you wonder why wont your parents let you get a dog but your older siblings can have one? I suggest reading this little article about dogs. But what about taking care of them? What food should I buy? How much water should they drink? Should I buy my dog a lot or just 1 or 2 toys? How do I know when my dog needs a bath? All of these questions you might ask will be answered in this article.  I have 3 topics for you today. One is like a guide of how to take care of your dog. The second one is about Tricks & Entertainment where I teach you ways to teach your dog tricks,and what to buy for your dog that they can play with. The last paragraph will be about different types of dogs. If you want to get a dog but you're not sure which one. Read that paragraph and that should hopefully help you choose!

Taking Care of your dog

Before you adopt a dog you need to learn how to take care of them. We will start with food. Your dog needs food of course. First get him/her a feeder. A bowl works too then buy some dog food. When you get home set the food bowl up. You're also going to need to buy a water bowl as well. If you already have your dog then you should be almost ready to take care of it. But like any human you're going to need to shower it. I would recommend every 1-2 weeks. Depending on your dog. If you´ve got an untrained dog then you're going to have to potty train it. Look at the store you're at for some pee pads. Make sure to teach your dog to pee on the pads. Then eventually start to take it out to pee. Make sure your dog learns that they need to start peeing outside instead of the pads. When your dog learns this they should be fully potty trained! If your dog is still in training then make sure to take it out for a walk every now and then. I recommend getting some spray so your house doesn't smell as well. Also, make sure to play with your dog so it can feel loved. Make sure to spend lots of time with it.

Tricks & Entertainment!

Teaching your dog tricks can sometimes be harder than you think. First, buy some dog treats. Then tell your dog he's not going to get a treat until he does the trick of your choice. Make sure not to teach your dog a trick that is too hard or complicated. Start with the basics like Jump, roll over, shake and sit. When your dog seems to follow your commands then you can start teaching them more complicated things if you like. If you don't want your dog to become a goldfish and just circle around the house then get them some toys! Toys are just the thing your dog needs to be entertained. You can buy any dog toy you want. BUT don't buy things you like, think about things your dog might like. Think of what your dog might prefer. Does your dog like to bite? Get them a squeaky toy! Does your dog like to hold on to his toys? Maybe consider getting him a rope toy. Whatever your dog is like, consider what toys might fit them best. But make sure to get them a variety of toys as well.

Types of dogs

There are many different types of dogs. If you're looking to buy a dog first you need to know which dog you want. This paragraph will teach you about different types of dogs you can get. I will be showing you 5 kinds of dogs. And a little information about those dogs as well. This should help you think about what dog you want. Maybe you want a small or big dog. Maybe you want a cute or scary dog. It's your choice! Here are some suggestions on what dog you might want to get.

This cute puppy is called a pug. Pugs come in different shapes and sizes. They come in 4 different colors. Silver, Fawn, Apricot and black. Pugs are usually very small dogs. Pugs will have LOTS of wrinkles even when they are barely a couple months old. It doesn't mean they're old, it's just how they look.

This dog is called a Shiba inu. Yes it's also called a doge. This dog could be found around the internet thanks to their very popular memes. I have no idea what's the big deal with the doge memes. Somebody pls tell me but anyways they are about medium in height. I wouldn't say they were small, but they're  not super tall either. I would say a poodle is taller by a few inches.

This Medium sized dog is called a poodle. Poodles are known to be very fancy dogs. I don't think they are that fancy though. I have a feeling a meme started about the whole poodles being a fancy dog’s thing. But they can be tall dogs. On the height scale I would say almost a big but not yet.

This cute puppy in the grass is known as a golden retriever. Golden Retrievers are for some reason a very popular dog. These dogs can be in some movies. Like Howard Bound a movie about 2 dogs and 1 cat wandering off to find where their owners went. They go through many challenges like living in the woods. Although that doest seem bad it is for them because they're used to being fed when they're hungry and having a nice place to rest.

This cute wrinkly dog is called a bulldog. No they aren't Aggressive like bulls. Some of them ARE aggressive but not all of them. Same as a pug, these dogs have wrinkles. Like a pug it doesn't mean they're old. It's just the way they look. These cute dogs can come in 8 different colors.

Conclusion

Now that I have told you about different types of dogs, Keeping them entertained and how to take care of them. You should be all set for your dog journey. I wish you luck for convincing your parents to let you get a dog. Tell your parents that you're fully capable of taking care of them. And that you're ok with taking them on walks and feeding them daily etc .Or if you already have one then have fun! Taking care of a dog can be fun but it takes a lot of work. I hope all the information I gave you could help you decide which breed to get. But you now know everything about taking care of them, keeping them entertained and different types of dogs. Good luck with your dog journey!

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How to Take Care of Chickens The Right Way      Adult chicken Edition

Have you wondered how to get delicious eggs from  your backyard? I will be teaching you how to take care of chickens if you decide to raise adult chickens. The three important things of taking care of your chickens is shelter, food & water and making your chickens feel at home.

Before you start taking care of chickens, you need to know the fundamentals. First, you will need a structure for your chickens;you can keep them caged or open to your yard. I am here to teach you how to take care of chickens without a cage. First, you will need a shelter for your chickens to do anything from eating to laying eggs. The easiest approach is to buy a pre-made home for your chickens. Making one is too hard;it takes

hard and cautious work if you want to construct it right

Now, you have your chickens home. Your chickens need food to fill their stomachs and water to keep them hydrated. Chickens do find food on their own. They find worms, grass and seeds. Although they find food by themselves, that is not enough to keep them satisfied. You will need to buy some chicken feed. Take note that it does depend on how many chickens you own. If you have around 1-6 chickens you should buy around 3 or 4 bags of  feed every 2 weeks. If you have 7-16 chickens buy 7-12 bags of feed every 2 weeks. There are different ways of feeding your chickens. The way I feed my chickens is with a simple metal bowl on the floor. Chickens eat almost anything, from your leftover bread to food that has expired. Chickens should be vegetarian. It is your choice whether they should be omnivorous.

You have your shelter for your chickens and your food. Now, you need to make your chickens feel at home. Some simple things to make your chickens comfortable is a place for your chickens to lay eggs. When making a place for your chickens to lay eggs, use some cushioning and some artificial eggs so your chickens know where to lay their eggs. I also recommend uneven ground so your chickens can get some exercise. Making lower roofs in appropriate places in your coop can add some fun for your chickens too.

Thanks for reading how to take care of chickens. It is important to make shelter for your chickens, keep them hydrated and satisfied and make them feel at home. I hope you feel comfortable raising chickens. Remember, when taking care of chickens, be caring!

Glossary:

Fundamentals: The basics of an activity/ Example: In the sport tennis, the general Fundamentals are you backhand and your forehand

Omnivor: A living thing that eats both plants and animals/ Example: There were some dinosaurs that were omnivores

Artificial: A natural food that is fake/  Example: Bananas are a natural food. There also is gummi bananas which are artificial

Coop: The way of saying a chickens home/ Example: Your chicken Coop is one of the many things your chickens do

Credits: yewphotography.com

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Including: Things to know,Events,Safety and levels

Hi! My name is Ary and I am 10 years old and a level 9 gymnast and I have been doing gymnastics since I could walk! I am here to give you a little knowledge on gymnastics! If you are new and know nothing about gymnastics jeep reading and you might learn a thing or two! Here are some things to know before you move on. Gymnastics is hard to understand if you have never watched a competition before or you have never been to a gymnasium. There are sections in gymnastics. There are Bars,Beam,Vault,and floor. Bars are mostly people’s favorite events to watch. But most gymnasts like the floor event and I personally love the floor event. Gymnastics is a sport that requires a lot of flexibility and you have to commit to doing things you are scared of. You will most likely get hurt a lot over and over but you have to keep getting up and trying again. If you ever hear the word leotard that is an outfit gymnasts have to wear and it is a tight one piece clothing that most people wear shorts over. If you were to wear baggy clothes to practice it would get in your face and you wouldn’t know where you are going and you will most likely have a blind landing and that's no fun if you fall. Yes gymnastics is a very hard sport and anybody can learn boys,girls,men,and women. Mostly girls learn gymnastics because they are more flexible but boys can learn to! There are 11 levels in gymnastics. Simone Biles is the best gymnast in the world and she is a level 11.

Things to know: Scientists say that it's better to start gymnastics around the age of 7-8 because you're more flexible and have a lot of energy, but the age most people don’t start learning is 21+ because you aren’t as stretchable as you used to be and you sometimes have lack of energy. I started gymnastics when I could walk,and I am now 10 and a level 9. Gymnastics is the 7th most hardest sport in history and people are known for getting hurt a lot. The best elite gymnast in the world is Simone Biles, she has won 30 olympic medals. Simone is only 24 years old and is 4’8 inches tall. She has had two skills named after something nobody has ever done before, isn’t that crazy! If you want to start gymnastics you have to have passion and confidence. You have to have your mind set on what you want to do. If you're young and want to start learning gymnastics you will have to know that it stunt your growth depending on how much you do it. If you're not ready to learn something or try a skill for the first time and you just feel like you can’t do it, don’t do it because you will feel ready when you are ready. The most liked events are bars and floors. Most people’s least favorite is beam because you can get hurt a lot more than you would expect. Vault is also sometimes common and uncommon because sometimes in the olympics they don’t show it and,during vault you don’t get hurt a lot. You will have to wear a certain leotard according to what your team's colors are. A leotard is a certain one piece outfit that a gymnast has to wear when she is practicing and competing. A leotard is very tight because it's meant to stay out of your way while you're practicing, if you wear loose clothing it will fall in your face if you're upside down and it could get caught on something.

Sections in the gymnasium: Most people may know the sections but if you don’t there is a vault, beam, bars, and floor.  For vault it isn’t the hardest and you don’t get hurt very much.But it is hard to stick your landing sometimes depending on what skill you are going off of the vault on. For beams you get hurt a lot if your foot slips in the wrong place on the balance beam you could break a bone or two and when you're doing a backflip or something on the beam you are going to have a blind landing which can lead to serious injury. Bars, bars are one of the most common events, but it is one of the hardest. You might not stick your landing, or your hands might have lost grip, or you might have accidentally fell off. Floor is one of my favorite events and yes you could possibly get very hurt. When it's your turn to go out and do your moves you will have three free cross tumbling passes. You can choose whatever stunts you want but you also have to have dance mixed with it. If you have ever watched the olympics then you will know how the gymnasts have danced in between their free passes. If you don’t know what a cross tumbling pass is, it's Where you are on a really big floor where you will do your rehearsal and you are on one corner of the floor and you do your gymnastics passes across the floor and you can choose whatever moves you want but you have to remember them. You want to try to get high scores because there is more of a chance of you and your team getting on the big leaderboard and you and your team get a bigger chance of winning the competition.

Safety and Levels: If you're ready to try a new trick without a spot (a spot is where somebody helps you with the trick) and you feel ready and hyped up and confident go for it but it's always normal to be nervous. If you are really nervous and don’t feel like you can do it, don't listen to what your body is trying to tell you because if you psych-yourself out you can get hurt very badly. When you're about to do something without help make sure somebody is there just in case something could go wrong they can catch you before your landing. All gymnasts should have wrist grips, wrist grips are for when you're doing bar so your hands won’t be sweaty and sticky that you can barely move them across the smooth bar. Levels. If you're a beginner and never have done gymnastics before then you would be a level one. In level one you learn how to do a perfect cartwheel, handstand, walk across a beam, and various jumps across the floor. If you have a very small amount of experience then you would be a level two-three where you start doing jumps on beams, you learn small tricks on bars and you start doing cartwheels and handstands across the floor and you start learning small routines. Level four is a big stepping stone and you start learning front handsprings and you might learn how to use a tumble track. Tumble track is a trampoline but it's more stiffer and meant for things when you're almost ready to do it on the floor. Level five is the level where you start slowly learning backbends and slowly starting to go into cartwheels on beam. On bars you will start leaving cip-ups and those are where you learn how to stand on a bar but get up a certain way. Level six-seven-eight is where you're slowly getting advanced and you will start learning backflips on floor and back walkovers on a beam and you learn how to use uneven bars. Level 9-10 is really hard and competitive and you want to start learning flips with no hands and you fall down alot but you have to get back up. A saying my coach used to tell me all the time when i would fall and get hurt he would say “practice makes perfect” and my dad would always tell me when i get hurt “it is what it is” and i know they are right because you have to stand back up and try again and again.

After reading this essay on gymnastics i hope you have a better understanding about the olympics and maybe after knowing all this information you might want to try it out! Most people might say gymnastics isn’t a sport but it really is! Gymnastics is a full body workout so it is a sport. I hope you enjoyed reading this essay and have more knowledge about gymnastics!

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By: Ryma Chellihi
Did you know that every giraffe has a different pattern on their bodies? Giraffes are the tallest mammals on earth. Giraffes are about fifteen to twenty feet tall. Three things you need to know about giraffes are, where do giraffes live, what do giraffes eat, and baby giraffes.

Something you need to know about giraffes is where they live. Giraffes live in East Africa. Some giraffes live in South Africa. According to the article, “Giraffe Facts & Photos”, says that, “The tall creatures are native to Kenya, Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Uganda, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, Angola and South Africa.” Giraffes live in savannahs, grasslands, forests, and open woodlands in East Africa. According to the “Where Do Giraffes Live? Habitat and Distribution” it says that, “Giraffes thrive in areas where the temperature is high.” Giraffes love wide spaces that let them see at a large distance. According to the article, “Where Do Giraffes Live? Habitat and Distribution” it says that, “Giraffes graze for food in a gradual way, although they can also move quickly if they require.” This shows that most giraffes live in East Africa, and some giraffes live in South Africa.

Another important part of giraffes is what they eat. Giraffes are herbivores. Herbivores are animals that mostly eat plants. Giraffes also drink water. According to the article, “11 Facts About Giraffes”, it says, “A giraffe's neck is too short to reach the ground. As a result, it has to awkwardly spread its front legs or kneel to reach the ground for a drink of water.” Giraffes only need to drink water every couple of days, because most of the water they drink comes from the plants they eat. Giraffes eat leaves off of trees, shrubs, twigs off of acacia, apricot, and mimosa trees, seeds, grass, flowers, herbs, buds of trees, bark of acacia trees, hay, and carrots. Giraffe’s favorite trees are acacia trees. According to the article, “Giraffe Facts & Photos”, it says that, “Their long necks allow them to reach leaves, seeds, fruits, buds and branches high up in mimosa and acacia trees.” This shows that giraffes eat many different kinds of foods and giraffes only need to drink water every couple of days.

Finally you need to know about baby giraffes. Female giraffes are 15 months pregnant before giving birth to a calve. Baby giraffes are called calves. Giraffes are born inside their mothers bellies. Sometimes there are twins! When female giraffes are pregnant their bellies get rounder. Mother giraffes give birth standing up.  According to the book, “Giraffe” it says that, “The baby slips slowly out of the birth canal head and feet first, dropping about 6 feet (1.8 meters) to the ground.” The calve lies queltily, while the mother licks the clave clean. Then the calf drinks milk. A mother giraffe feeds her baby milk. According to the book, “Giraffe” it says that, “When the baby is hungry, it sucks the milk from one of the four teats on its mother's underside. Giraffes are able to walk the day they are born. The calves have to stay with the tower. For the first four to six months, baby giraffes only drink milk from their mother. After four to six months, baby giraffes start to eat leaves. According to the article, “Facts About Baby Giraffes”, it says that, “If babies cannot reach trees, with available leaves, mothers will pull leaves off and feed them to babies.” According to the book, “Giraffe” it says that, “When they are born, they are 6 feet (1.8 meters) tall and weigh 150 pounds (68 kilograms).” Giraffes grow quickly in their first couple months there alive. A mother giraffe feeds her baby milk. Mother giraffes take turns babysitting. This shows how baby giraffes are born.

Three things you should know about giraffes to be an expert, is where do giraffes live, what do giraffes eat, and baby giraffes. These are important things you need to know about giraffes, because it is basically everything you need to know about giraffes. You should read this, because you will learn a lot about giraffes. I hope you learned a lot about giraffes. I hope you are now an expert of giraffes.

Glossary

1. Herbivor: An animal that only eats plants

2. Calves: A baby giraffe

3. Tower: A group of giraffes that stay together

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Introduction

Did you know that there are over 200 types of dog breeds in the world!? The FCI lists 360 dog breeds, and the AKCs dog breeds list 190! Dog’s scientific name is”Canis Lupus familiaris” and most dogs can live up to the age of 13! Usually dogs live from 10-13 years old but some can pass when they are younger if they don't have proper care. Three popular dog breeds that you will learn about are Pomerainian, Siberian Husky, and American Eskimo Dog.

Pomeranians

Pomeranians are usually calm and chill dogs, but if they don't exercise or aren't taken care of properly then these dogs will get very energetic and hyper. But if you are trying to calm a pomeranian down, then you will want to put some blankets down and make a dog bed. You might also want to encourage your pomeranian with treats, food, or toys if they have any special ones. Pomeranians like to eat livers and kidneys from animals, lean meats such as chicken, fish, starches like pasta and rice. Also vegetables similar to baby carrots, potatoes, zucchini and spinach.

Siberian Huskies

One very important part about huskies is that they have a ton of energy and are very talkative, so they make great jogging buddies! Plus they have built in winter wear. Huskies love to run so they would love to do running with you! They love to get exercise and to be wild. If you ever do get a husky, then make sure that you run it and exercise it. Also huskies love the nature and being outside, they love any climate but they shed more during summer or warmer climates because they have such a thick coat. Huskies like to eat things like chicken, fish, lamb, and veggies. Sometimes they will eat fruits, but they should not eat grapes,raisins, or prunes.

American Eskimo Dogs

American Eskimo Dogs first originated in Germany, they also were the first dog to walk on a tightrope. Stout's pal Pierre was a american eskimo dog and was the first dog to walk a tightrope. Many other dogs like police dogs, pomeranians, huskies, pugs, and even blindfolded dogs do walking on tightropes tricks! These dogs usually are white, but sometimes they can be a sort of biscuit color. This type of dog likes to go on 30-45 minute walks, but for older dogs they need to be exercised by their stamina and tempo. American Eskimo dogs like to eat dry food instead of fruits or vegetables.

Conclusion

Now that you know some things about Pomeraniens, Siberian huskies, and American Eskimo dogs, maybe you'll want to get one of these dogs. I hope you learned something about these dog breeds and what their needs are. If you get one of these dogs then you keep it healthy and you make sure to keep it happy

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By:Julian H.                                             Fortnite

Hello today I will be talking about fortnite. We will go through 3 different categories of randomness and hope this helps you learn some more about fortnite.

How to play: you need to first of all go on your computer or mobile phone and search epic games. You must download the epic games app and launcher then download fortnite from there, when you finish downloading you will see the launch button. When you're in the lobby waiting to go into a game it says press __ button to ready up. Once you press that you are ready to play you will be greeted into a pregame lobby where you wait for your battle bus to take off. When it launches it tells you which button to press to jump off the bus, when you do that go forward to go down faster and  aim towards where you want to land the goal is to run away from the purple storm and kill everyone until you are the last player alive, it's not violent or anything you are a hologram and your projector stops working so you turn into blue pieces and die. Once you land you have to pick up a gun and make your arrow on the map face the line and go in that direction where you will most likely find enemies and definitely be safe from storm when you are in the circle. And that's how to play but you can also build but that's a lot of explaining.

Weapons: you have 5 inventory slots one of them should be filled with an ar which is used in long and medium range , another slot should be a shotgun used for close range only, if you're new and don't feel confident enough you can use an smg for close range. It depends witch season your playing this in because you could use a sniper for long range there are things called shield potions which one is called a small shield potion and the other is called a shield potion use two small potins witch are a green rarity and shield potion which is a blue rarity. Then you will have full shield. Now health, you can use a med kit when on low of the green bar use a medkit which will take ten seconds but heal your green bar fully. If your green bar goes all the way down you will die. There are also bandages which are worse than a med kit but still do the job. It takes three seconds but it only heals fifteen health.

Strategys: best part are strategies when you get shot at you will need to quickly swap to your builds and build a wall if not it gives the enemy more time to shoot at you. You should build a ramp up to high ground but not too high because you can die from falling or just take damage. When you have the high ground you have the upper advantage because it's easier for you to shoot the enemy but harder for the enemy to shoot you. Now here are some things you can try to accomplish, building towers quickly, building floors then walls then ramps quickly to add a lot of protection to your ramps, getting better accuracy aka aim, and editing builds which is very important. And that's how to play fortnite.

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By Wesley T. Wang

Introduction

Mars base’s have been considered fictional and too sci-fi for a long time. But with challenges like global warming, overpopulation, and the destruction of earth’s ecosystems, this now seems like a solution. It is also in human nature to expand to the farthest reaches possible. Mars has fascinated humans for thousands of years. And today all sorts of people from businessmen to scientists have been working on going to mars. We already have completed missions on Mars and understand the hardships that astronauts would face. But we haven’t built a mars base with a steady food source. And many scientists and corporations like Nasa and Spacex have been testing models and experimenting with Mars base’s to try to build one soon. And today we could build one if we get enough of the government's attention. So, how do we build one?

Earlier preparations

Before we can colonize Mars, there is going to be earlier preparations. First, there will be scouting missions and rovers that study mars and find the best place to set up a base. And there will probably be a moon base. There are a few reasons that we need to set up a moon base, for starters the moon has no atmosphere and has a weak gravitational pull, so it will be easier and cheaper to send stuff from the moon. The second is that because they will be staying on mars for a long time so the moon is a way for astronauts to prepare. They would be put under tests for long periods of time similar to submarine staff so they know what's ahead of them and if they're ready. And to set up a base lots of small robots will be sent to build the base. The reason for small robots is because if a large robot broke, They could not have a replacement part. But if there were lots of small robots that could work together and if some break the mars base will still be finished. For example Xavier De Kestelier compared it to a ants nest saying “If I were to take half the ants away, the ants nest would still get built, maybe a bit slower.” That example shows that smaller robots are better than bigger robots in this case. Now Mars is ready for a bigger human presence.

Hardships

At a glance Mars sems similar with moons (Phobos and Deimos), a day barely longer than earth, ice at the poles, and mountains and valleys. But actually Mars is a radioactive planet where the ground is poisonous, breathing is impossible, and an average temperature is -81 degrees fahrenheit. That's because Mars only has 1% of earth's atmosphere. A person on mars is hit with 50 times as much radiation as a person on earth. And 3 years on Mars is more radiation than the radiation limits on nasa astronauts. Radiation can increase chances of many illnesses such as cancer. And supplying the base is another problem. Because of mars’s distance from the sun and mars’s speed mars's year is 687 earth days to earth’s 365 days. This leads to a short travel window for every 2 earth years, so if an emergency happens in the base they would have to wait until the next travel window and they might arrive in a colony filled with dead bodies. And because mars has no atmosphere and is 142,000,000 miles away from the sun compared to earth’s 93,000,000 miles from the sun, energy is limited to a few options. Mars also has huge dust storms, and it’s much finer than dust on earth. It also sticks to everything and it will be hard not to bring lots of it into our habitats. Also it contains very toxic perchlorate salts and lots of exposure can be deadly. And because of Mars's size it’s gravity is only 38 percent of earth's. which can cause problems like bone loss, muscle wasting, and cardiovascular problems.

Shelters and ways to be safe

The base will be stationed at Mars's poles where there are ice caps. The shelters will probably be inflatables because space travel is expensive. The inflatables will have no corners and will be rounded and smooth to handle pressure differences from the inside and outside. Because Mars's atmosphere is only 1% of earth's half of all radiation from space hits the ground. A person on the surface of mars’s gets hit with 50 times more radiation than a person on earth. That can lead to health risks like cancer. A way to protect astronauts inside the shelters is to cover the base in a layer of frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice) that could be gotten from the atmosphere. And that would probably be covered in about a meter of mars rock to lessen radiation until it’s livable. Ways to power the base are limited, solar power is only 40 percent as effective as on earth but even this little amount is blocked for days by huge dust storms. Wind wouldn’t be effective because Mars barely has an atmosphere. Geothermal energy wouldn’t work because mars’s interior is too cold. Nuclear fuel would be one of the only options, but because there are no natural radioactive elements on mars the reactor and fuel would have to come from earth. To make the air inside of the shelter breathable it will be pressurized and an artificial atmosphere made of nitrogen and oxygen will be pumped into it. With a proper energy source and shelter people inside would be pretty safe, but anyone who goes outside will be not. Because of this robots will be used for work outside. And staying inside is good for other reasons, one is because mars has toxic dust that sticks to everything. So it will be hard to not carry it into our base. So to stop carrying lots of dust into our base the space suits will be designed in a way that they don't enter the base but have a hatch on the back that connects to a place in the door that can be opened and the astronauts can just squeeze through. And because mars only has 38% of earth’s gravity it can lead to problems. In the future this might be solved by living spaces that spin but for now astronauts will have to exercise a lot to slow the effects down. It is also expensive to send stuff to space so we will reuse waste by 3D printing. We can also use stuff like parachutes to make close. But food is a different problem.

Food

Water is easy to get if a base is set up at the poles it just has to be decontaminated and filtered. But food on the other hand is hard. Mars’s soil is alkaline and doesn’t have nitrogen which plants need to grow. And to grow plants they would need to decontaminate the soil which is hard and expensive. But bad harvist can lead to food shortages and if that happens the colony will be starved so to have good harvests the soil will be fertilized with biological waste (poop). Farming will be hard and take a long time, so another idea is to raise fish and plant together in aquaponics. This would give a more varied diet of fish and plants and give a boost of morale for the crew.

Conclusion

Mars is extreme, but with a group of determined people and the right funding and resources it can be colonized. Once the second step is finished Mars will be habitable. Cites illuminating the dark surface, businesses getting mars’s materials, and the Terraforming of mars, a second earth. This will be the first step of our species becoming a type 2 civilization on the Kardashev scale (made by Nikolai Kardashav). And once we go through that our solar system becomes in humans reach there will be, floating cities on Venus, mines in asteroids, and technologies unimaginable today. And Mars is just the beginning.

Sources

:Kurzgesagt-in a nutshell

:Xavier De Kestelier’s moving to mars exhibition.

:Nasa science Mars exploration program.

p.s. There is more but I forgot the titles of the articles over the years.

p.s.s sorry for my bad spelling

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By: Lucas Shreve

Introduction

The Chiefs are a football team located in Kansas City, Missouri. At the moment, they are the ex Super Bowl champions. The three most important things to learn is the Offense, Defense, and History.

Offense

They lost the last Super Bowl, but they also have the MVP( Most Valuable Player) quarterback #15 Patrick Mahomes.A Quarterback is someone who throws the ball to the receivers. They also have a star wide receiver(Someone who catches the the ball) #10 Tyreek Hill. Those two players are the key offense players. The Chiefs had a 14-2 record due to good defence and offense .In the 2020 season they had the number one rated offense in the whole NFL. Some consider quarterback Patrick Mahomes to be the best quarterback ever. And some say the same thing about Receiver Tyreek Hill. The Chiefs Offense is usually the thing that will get them to the Super Bowl or on the highlights of Sports Center. The Chiefs offense has been decaying over the last year because of lost players going to different teams. But one of the all time greats of the chiefs offense is Len Dawson who played for the chiefs in the 60s and early 70s. He led the Chiefs to 3 AFL ( American Football league) Championships. He also led them to the Chiefs first Super Bowl win ( Which he got MVP).

Defence

The key defensive players are Tyrann Mathieu, Frank Clark, Daniel Sorenson, and Emmanuel Ogbah. The Chiefs best game so far has been a win against the Raiders. The score was 40-9 with 4 interceptions and 6 sacks. Due to the offense performing well and the defence performing exceptionally well the Chiefs clinched the playoffs and were automatically in the playoffs. The Chiefs have had some really good players in the past too. For example super star linebacker Derrick Thomas, Lajairius Sneed, Justin Houstin, and Eric Berry who came back from having cancer and was on the field again only one season after he was diagnosed with Cancer!

The History Of The Chiefs

Today known as the Chiefs, back in 1963 the Texans owner Lamar Hunt moved the Dallas Texans to Kansas City, Missouri because the city of Dallas already had a team named the Dallas Cowboys. When they moved to Kansas City the name was changed to the Chiefs.  The first year the Chiefs were in Kansas City , head coach Hank Stram led the team to a playoff clinch (Automatic playoff spot). Now the team known as the The Kansas City Chiefs were well known across the country as a really good team. The first Super Bowl actually had the Chiefs vs Packers, So the Chiefs have been a great team dating back to  1967! The Chiefs are also known for their loud fan base and stadium. The Chiefs Stadium is Arrowhead stadium. The reason it's called Arrowhead is because, Native Americans used lots of arrows. But recently the Chiefs have gotten into a little problem because people got mad at them for using the name the Chiefs so the NFL is still deciding if they should change the name to something like the “Monarchs” because that was the Negro League Kansas City’s baseball team name. The coaches of the Chiefs have ranged from a lot of people. For example, Hank Stram, Marty Schottenheimer, Bob Sutton, and Andy Reid who is the current coach.

Conclusion

The Chiefs are one of the best teams or sometimes considered the best team in the entire NFL ( National Football League). So the next time you see them on tv watch as they zoom past the defense and score endless touchdowns.

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By : Julian Milojkovic
Most Common Breeds

The Yorkshire Terrier is the #9 most common breed in the US known for their confidence and courage especially for their size. #8 is Rottweiler, a medium sized dog well known to be powerful, protective, and loyal. #7 Poodle one of the smartest dog breeds. Their intelligence makes them great service dogs. #6 Beagle, although some beagles are still used individually or in packs for hunting, most beagles today are lovable house pets. #5 American Bulldog, despite the fact that they drool everywhere American Bulldogs can be very relaxing lovable dogs. #4 German Shepherd, they can be very protective dogs if trained properly and also can show lots of love. #3 Golden Retriever. They are serious workers at hunting and field work, as guides for the blind, and in search-and-rescue they also are very friendly. #2 French Bulldog, these dogs are very high maintenance dogs especially their noses but besides all the problems this breed has, they are very friendly and lovable dogs. #1 the most popular/common dog in the US today is the Labrador Retriever. Thanks to their intelligence and willingness to work hard these dogs can detect lots of things and are good therapy dogs and are lots of peoples favorites. I got all of this information off of Akc.org

Why These Breeds?

Reasons why people get the top 5 most popular dog breeds are for many reasons. This is my opinion on why I think people get these breeds of dogs. The American Bulldog I think many people get these lovable dogs because they are not the most high maintenance dogs and are really relaxing lovable dogs. I believe that the German Shepherd is really popular as well because of how protective this guard dog can be if trained properly. They can also be just as loving to the people they know. French Bulldogs are not much different than The American Bulldog except for the fact that French Bulldogs are very high maintenance dogs but are very loving and relaxing. Finally, The Labrador Retriever is a fan favorite dog because they are family dogs

How They Communicate

One of the first things that dogs do when they come up to each other is communicate just like humans. But they sniff each other, mostly their butts. After sniffing them they know what they eat and how old they are. Their voice communication includes barks, growls, howls, whines, whimpers, screams, pants and sighs. There are four ways dogs communicate with each other: voice, visual, touch, and smell. I got this information from Center for Shelter Dogs

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By: Maelynn Martinez

Introduction

Have you ever wanted to learn about the solar system or how it works? Then you have come to the right place!

The 9th planet

There are eight planets in our solar system but a long time ago there was actually 9! So you're probably wondering how come there are 8 instead of 9 planets? Well the 9th planet was called pluto. This planet was discovered in Febuary 18, 1930. Pluto was 738.38 mi in diameter. He was a dwarf planet so Pluto was not very big like all the other planets. Pluto was declared the 9th planet of the solar system until August 2006. At that time Pluto was no longer called a planet.. Why Isn't Pluto in the Solar System? It was because Pluto orbits the sun, but crossing Neptunes orbit! Being so small, it cannot clear its path and  has a very busy neighborhood, thereby violating the definition of a planet.

The Earth's Crust

You probaly know the word crust as in the bread crust and all, but what If I told you the earth actually had a crust of it’s own! It's true, the grass you're standing on, the concrete you walk on, and the roads you drive on underneath, is the earth's crust! The earth's crust is a thin coat of coolness to keep the earth at a good temperature. There are actually layers underneath the earth's crust! There are five layers on the earth. First there Is the Atmosphere, then the earth's crust, the Mantle, Outer core, and finally the inner core. The Atmosphere helps with asteroids and things falling from space so If an asteroid fell from the sky it would just burn away in the Atmosphere. The Earth's crust helps a lot too because all the layers underneath actually burn  and It's really super hot, so if we touched it well we would brun into a crisp.The earth's crust helps us keep the earth nice and cool. So let's thank our Earth's crust and atmosphere!

The Solar system and how it works

All the planets orbit around the sun In the solar system, but how do they do It? And how can they just go around the sun without spinning off? Well I'm going to teach you how the solar system works.

First 8 planets orbit around the sun; those eight planets are called Earth, Mars ,Venus ,Jupiter ,Neptune ,Saturn , Uranus ,And Mercury. They all orbit around the sun but how do they go around in a straight line? Well first the planets all form a spinning disk shaped cloud. Then they continue this rotating course around the Sun after they were formed. The gravity of the Sun keeps the planets in their orbits. They stay in their orbits because there is no other force in the Solar System that can stop them from spinning off or not being in order. The Planets still orbit around the sun still to this day and they will never stop orbiting around the sun.

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Chess

By: Vivienne Li

Introduction

I started playing chess about 3 years ago in an after school program and really enjoyed it. Soon after I started playing on weekends as well. The game of chess is a very old game and has a rich history, filled with interesting people and influential stories. Today chess is still being played around the world and remains as popular as ever. In this essay I will cover the history of chess, the different types of chess and the two players who inspired me.

What Is Chess?

Typical chess is a board game played by two people. There are many variations of chess but standard chess has 16 pieces: 8 pawns, 2 knights, 2 bishops, 2 rooks, 1 queen and 1 king. The board is 8 by 8 squares and checkered with black and white squares. One player plays white and the other plays black. White moves first and black goes second. One of the most played chess openings in a typical game is the e4 pawn. When you look at a chess board, the board has letters a-h and numbers 1-8. By placing a piece on a square you can determine which rank and line the piece is on. Chess can be played by more than just two people. There are many variations of chess and many ways to play chess. Bughouse is an example of chess that is played by 4 people on 2 different teams. Another example of chess is antichess (aka sacrifice city) where you give as many pieces as you can to your opponent.

When was chess created and how did it spread throughout the world?

The exact date that chess was created is unknown, but it is believed to have originated from India in the 6th century AD originally called Chaturanga. Chaturanga in Indian language means “army”. At that time, the Indian army was made of elephants, chariots and foot soldiers. From India chess spread to Persia, Arab, Asia and Europe through trade routes. Since chess is a very hard game and took a long time to play, it was a good game for these long journeys. In 1475 AD, chess became more standardized and resembles more of the game we play today. Between 2007 to 2018, chess websites and online games were invented, and chess became more and more popular. In 1749 François-André Danican Philidor published his famous book “Analyse du jeu des Échecs,” which translates to “Chess Analyse.” This book was considered the first official chess manual for it’s time, along with François being a chess master for over 50 years. In 1939, chess came to America. Emanuel Lasker (a German chess player) was considered the greatest chess player of modern times. He held the title of World Chess Champion for 28 years. His book “Manual Of Chess” is regarded as one of the most thorough studies on the game of chess, and was published in 1960.

Two Top Current Players To Watch

Queen of Katwe

Phiona Mutesi, or better known as The Queen of Katwe, is one of the most famous chess players who inspired the novel and movie, “Queen Of Katwe.” Phiona grew up in the slums of Katwe, Uganda and took interest in chess after joining a missionary program for kids. She was coached by Robert Katende, who was an engineer by trade. Robert soon found that Phiona was very good at chess and quickly beat him in a short amount of time. In 2007, at the age of 11, she won the Uganda Women's Junior Chess Championship, and in 2009, she helped Uganda win the Africa’s International Children's Chess Tournament. In 2010, she was selected to represent Africa In The World Chess Olympian. Currently Phiona is focusing on becoming a doctor but still hopes to become a chess *Grandmaster someday.

*A Grandmaster is a title given by The World Chess Organization. You must have a rating over 2600 to earn the title of a grandmaster. It is also the highest title granted to a chess player

Magnus Carlsen

Magnus was born November 30, 1990 in Norway. When Magnus was 13 he was already officially a Grandmaster, and at the age of 14, Magnus won the Norwegian Chess Championship. By the time Magnus was 18, he surpassed the rating of 2800 (the average rating for a professional master is between 2000-2600) becoming the youngest person to reach this achievement. At 19, Magnus was officially the number 1 chess player in the world and still keeps his title to this day. His rating is currently 2847. Magnus also has 2 mobile IOS apps for learning and exploring chess. Aside from being a grandmaster, he is also a chess magazine cover model in his pastime.

Conclusion

I chose chess for my topic because I also play this game myself. I've played chess for about 3 years now and I currently play every Friday and Sunday. The two chess games I normally play are standard chess and blitz (which is set on a 2-5 minute timer). I also play lesser known chess versions such as atomic chess (when you capture a piece it will “explode” and take the other pieces surrounding it) and antichess. I had the chance to meet Phiona Mutesi 2 years ago. She talked about her life story and gave me a signed copy of her book. All my chess teachers reference Magnus Carlson’s puzzles and tactics often throughout our lessons and matches. Both of these people continue to inspire me in my chess journey.