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The Irish language is somewhere between synthetic and analytic. Many Irish verbs and nouns add a few morphemes onto a word to convey more meaning, which leads one to believe that it is a synthetic language. However, Irish still has separate words for prepositions, determiners, and other lexical features. So, Irish is a mix of both.

Suigh- To sit

Suím- I sit

Suíimid- We sit

Cathaoir= A chair

I gcathaoir= In a chair

Suím i gcathaoir= I sit in a chair

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In the 5th century, Irish converted to the Latin alphabet, but there's only contains 18 letters.

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There are synthetic and analytic verb forms in Irish, which is much different from English.

Synthetic:
-Expresses information about person or number in the ending

Molaim (I praise)
Molann (praise) - ann + aim( first person singular)= Molaim (I praise)

Analytic:
-Ending contains no information about person or number
-Requires pronoun

Molann sibh (you praise)
Molann (praise) + sibh (you)

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1922 the Republic of Ireland was established, and Irish was the official language along with English.
Between the 17th and early 20th centuries Irish was largely replaced with English.

There has been a concern about the failure of most students in English-medium schools to achieve competence in Irish, even after 14 years of formal instruction in school. People are concerned about the decline of the number of traditional speakers (Wikipedia).

There has been a recent revival with the foundation of new publications, a radio service, a TV station and a growth of Irish-medium education (Omniglot).

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Before the 5th century CE, Irish was written in Ogham, pictured below. During this era, it was primarily used to inscribe stone monuments.
[lie lugnaedon maki menueh] " The stone of Lugnaedon son of Limenueh"

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Political Considerations - The Troubles in the late 20th century led to a divide between the people of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Protestants were primarily Unionists who wanted Northern Ireland to stay with the UK, while Catholics were primarily the republicans who wanted Northern Ireland to leave the UK and join Ireland. It ended with a peace treaty stating that Northern Ireland would remain a part of the UK unless a majority in Northern Ireland vote otherwise. The use of Irish in Northern Ireland is politically sensitive because it is seen as aligning with the Republic of Ireland. Irish is considered a minority language in Northern Ireland. There are some areas where it is actively promoted, such as in the Gaeltacht Quarter in Belfast (Wikipedia).

Status - Threatened, statutory language of national identity (Ethnologue).
National and first official language of the Republic of Ireland. English is the other official language (Wikipedia).

Official Status - Irish is considered an official language in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (Omniglot).

Majority or Minority Language? - Minority. --> 99% of people in Ireland speak English, while only 36% can speak Irish. A large majority claim to be able to use Irish, but it is only the first language of a small percentage (Wikipedia).

Education in Irish - Irish is taught as an official language in all schools and also encouraged by the government (Ethnologue).
Gaelscoil = Irish-medium school. 50,000 attend in Ireland, and over 13,000 attend in the Gaeltacht area.
Irish is required in English-medium schools from primary through secondary education, but students often do not become fluent (Wikipedia).

Government Documents - In accordance with the Official Languages Act of 2003, the most important official documents are required to be printed in both Irish and English, or Irish alone (Wikipedia).
"Parliamentary legislation is supposed to be available in both Irish and English, but its frequently only available in English" (Wikipedia).
"Constitution of Ireland requires that an 'official translation' of any law in one official language must be provided immediately in the other language, if not already passed in both official languages" (Wikipedia).

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Which vowels are used in Irish varies based on dialect, but they all agree on using the following.

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Irish is spoken mainly in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, but it is also spoken in the UK, USA, Canada, and Australia.
Gaeltacht - "Irish language word for any primarily Irish-speaking region. In Ireland, the term Gaeltacht refers individually to any, or collectively all, of the districts where the governement recognizes that the Irish language is the predominant vernacular, or language of the home" (Wikipedia).
Gaeltacht population in the Republic of Ireland = 96,090

1.76 million people in Ireland speak Irish
73,803 speak it daily
111,473 speak it weekly
585,535 speak less frequently
The rest rarely speak it

Irish is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages (Q-Celtic).
It is related to Manx (Isle of Man) and Scottish Gaelic which are other Goidelic languages.
There is mutual intelligibility between the Q-Celtic languages.
The grammar and vocab are quite similar, but spelling and pronunciation are different.
Distantly related to P-Celtic languages (Welsh, Cornish, and Breton).
"Celtic languages all have similar grammatical structure, but have relatively little vocabulary in common" (Omniglot).

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VSO (Verb/Subject/Object)

English: Dogs drink water

Irish: Ólann madraí uisce
English: Drink dogs water
VSO

Subject: Dogs= madraí

Verb: Drink (plural)= ólann
Object: Water= uisce

English: She draws pretty pictures

Irish: Tarraingíonn sí pictiúir deasa
English: Draws she pictures pretty

VSO

Subject: She= sí

Verb: Draws= tarraingíonn

Adjective: Pretty= desea

Objects: Pictures= pictiúir

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One of the major differences between Irish and English phonology is that Irish uses a lot of palatal consonants, such as [c], [ɟ], and [ʎ], that aren't present in English. It doesn't have interdental fricatives that English has, though.

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There are no words for "yes" or "no" in Irish, but that doesn't mean there's no way to answer a question. You communicate "yes" and "no" with a verb form. The answer to "did they sell the house?" would be "(they) sold " or "(they) didn't sell." In Irish:

Ar dhíol sian an teach?

Dhíol.

Níor dhíol.

Did the house sell?
It did sell.
It did not sell.

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aduantas [ adʊəntas ] - the unease or anxiety caused by being somewhere new or being surrounded by people you don’t know

amainiris  [ amanɪrɪʃ ] - the second day after tomorrow

beocaoineadh [ bjo:ki:næɣ ] - an “elegy for the living”—in other words, a sad lament for someone who has gone away, but who has not died

ladhar [ laɣar ]- the gap between your fingers or your toes, a ladhar bóthairis [ bo:harɪʃ ]a fork in the road

pocléimnigh [ pɔcle:mnɪj ] - an energetic, excitable leap into the air, or a jump for joy

ragaire [ raɡarɛ ] - someone who enjoys late-night wandering, or sitting up talking long into the early hours

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28 Weird and Wonderful Irish Words. (2019, March 12). Retrieved from http://mentalfloss.com/article/62243/28-weird-and-wonderful-irish-words

Irish (Gaeilge). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.omniglot.com/writing/irish.htm

IPA Chart. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Irish.html

Gaelscoil. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelscoil

Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2019. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Twenty-second edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.

Irish Language Current Status. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_language#Current_status

Ogham. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ogham.htm

Irish Alphabet. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Irish.html

Northern Ireland. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Languages

The Troubles. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Troubles#Social_repercussions

Gaeltacht. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht

Lee, X. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://wordyenglish.com/lit/analytic_languages_vs_synthetic_languages.html

Irish conjugation. (2019, January 25). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_conjugation