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Also known as the French and Indian war, it was a war between France and England from 1756-1763. In the end, Britain was given most of the land east of the Mississippi River. Spain also got Louisiana and Port of New Orleans

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Ben Franklin's idea to establish a centralized colonial government to oversee the colonies and to raise defense prior to French-Indian War. It did not work.

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Proclamation which banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachians. It was intended to soothe relations with the Native Americans

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Act requiring colonists to purchase special stamped paper for all legal documents. In response, the colonists boycotted, held the Stamp Act Congress, and formed the Sons of Liberty. It was quickly repealed.

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Along with the repeal of the Stamp Act, the Parliament passed this act, which stated that they could tax and pass laws in all cases whatsoever.

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Founded by John Hancock and Samuel Adams. It was a secret organization that was formed to fight against the unjust treatment of the British and fight for the liberty of the colonists.

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Tax on imported materials (including tea). As part of this, there was the Writs of Assistance, which stated that if a British officer believed someone was smuggling, they could search property without warrant. As a result there were more boycotts, and even women began to boycott.

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Created to exchange information about injustices suffered by the colonists.

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Tax on tea was restructured to give the British East India Company an advantage. Colonial merchants would lose business. The reaction the colonists had to this was based mainly on principle.

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March 5, 1770- and angry mob of colonists confronted a group of soldiers, who were a constant presence and taking jobs. In the end, 5 colonists were killed. It is known in England as the Boston Riot, but in the colonies as the Boston Massacre.

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Also known as the Coercive Acts, they were a series of acts meant to punish the colonists (especially Massachusetts). In response, the Continental Congress was held.

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The Enlightenment was a period that began in Europe, which focused on reason, science, and logic. It spread to America via the trans-Atlantic print. It brought ideas of freedom.

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His Common Sense encouraged people to fight and was used in the Declaration of Independence

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His Two Treaties of Government brought up ground breaking idea of natural rights, the social contract, and the right to revolt. Thomas Jefferson heavily lifted from this for the Declaration of Independence

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Attributed to Locke, yet written by Rousseau, states that people consent to be governed for benefit of the greater good

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People have natural rights that cannot be taken away by any government.

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People should be able to determine the nature of their government.

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The belief in the equality of all people; ability, effort, and virtue defined a person's worth- not money or family

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September/October 1777, the turning point in the war. Th victory here proved to France that the Americans could win, and thus they became great allies for the Americans.

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Women should serve to educate young men. It was the first form of a feminist movement.

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People who believed the colonists should govern themselves and have independence.

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Also known as tories, were people who believed the colonists should follow the King's laws and rules.

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September 1781, the British surrendered and thus ended the war

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Signed in 1783. Ended the war and the British promised to recognize the sovereignty of America

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Created in 1777, but not ratified until March 1781. They were the first ruling document of the new nation, with the goal of "a league of friendship and perpetual union." Consisted of 13 independent states linked together for joint action in dealing with problems. There was a unicameral Congress, no executive branch, and the judicial branch was left to the states. The success consisted of it being the government that held the colonies together during the revolution, instituting the Northwest Ordinance, and it was a stepping stone to the Constitution. The setbacks were that there was no national unity, there was no way of raising money because Congress could not tax, states had their own currencies, and congress could not enforce treaties or raise armies.

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outlined the procedure for admitting new territories as states, setting the precedent for westward expansion. It outlawed slavery in the new territories, but allowed new states to vote upon issue

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Rebel farmers led by Daniel Shays, were upset due to aggressive tax and debt collections. As a result they revolted from 1786-1787. This rebellion proved that the Articles of Confederation were weak because the government was not able to properly stop the rebellion.

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resolutions proposed by James Madison, which proposed a bicameral legislature, in which the house's members would be elected in proportion to state population, large states wanted this

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called for a one house Congress in which each state had equal representation, small states wanted this

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agreement to establish a 2-house legislature, with all states having equal representation in one house (Senate) and each state having representation based on its population in another house (House of Representatives)

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agreement to count 3/5 of a state's slaves as population for purposes of representation and taxation

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Opposed ratification of the Constitution. Tended to be middle-class, farmers, and those who favored civil liberties over strong government. Included Patrick Henry, George Clinton, and Mercy Otis Warren

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In favor of ratification of the Constitution. Favored government by the "rich and well born." Most of their support from coastal areas and cities. Its largest proponents were Alexander Hamilton and James Madison

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Collection of 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay, which explained and supported ratification of the Constitution

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The idea that governmental authority lies both in national and state governments

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government in which the powers of sovereignty are vested in the people and are exercised by the people, either directly, or through representatives chosen by the people, to whom those powers are specially delegated.

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A model of the government in which there are three branches with designated roles and powers

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a system that allows each branch of a government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power.

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enforces laws. President, Vice President, Cabinet members

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interprets the law. Supreme Court

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makes laws. Senate and the House

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An announcement issued by President Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. The law threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war

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Hamilton's economic plan which proved to be controversial and  consisted of four key points:
1. Pay off the national debt
2. Create a national bank
3. Place a Tax on Whiskey
4. Tax on foreign goods

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Under Hamilton's financial plan, a tax on whiskey was passed in 1794 in order to generate revenue. As a result, western Pennsylvania farmers, who were mainly affected, decided to revolt on the premise that the tax was much like the Stamp Act. Washington called up 15,000 federal troops, who stopped the rebellion. This showed the power of the federal government under the new Constitution and proved that they were able and competent

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Washington's address when leaving office in which he set the premise of serving only two terms, warned against forming parties, and warned against getting involved in foreign affairs.

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a diplomatic incident between US and France, in which French ministers, XYZ, infuriated American by wanting bribes. Adams handled it peacefully by simply sending new ministers to Paris

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As the majority, the Federalists attempted to limit the Democratic Republicans.
Alien Acts- allowed government to deport and detain enemy aliens of war
Sedition Acts- editors can't criticize the president or congress, and if they do they will be fined or imprisoned

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authored by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. They stated that the federal government had no authority to exercise power not specifically delegated to it in the Constitution; therefore, declaring the acts unconstitutional