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Subconscious knowledge-a natural part of oral language.

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Subconscious knowledge-a natural part of oral language.

Knowing through language:
Picking up words
Conversations

Acquisition
*Children acquire phonology in the process of comprehending oral language. Students focus on constructing meaning. Students acquire phonology in process of communicating new language.

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Freeman, D. E., & Freeman, Y. S. (2014). Essential linguistics: what teachers need to know to teach Esl, reading, spelling, grammar. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

Shapiro, L. R., & Solity, J. (2008). Delivering phonological and phonics training within whole-class teaching. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(4), 597–620. doi: 10.1348/000709908x293850

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To acquire a second language, students need to develop the ability to perceive differences in meaning based on phonemic differences in words. Teachers need to strive to give comprehensible input to the students and they focus on constructing meaning as they use the language.

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Readers need to understand that words in oral language are made up of individual sounds known as phonemes.  This knowledge is known as phonemic awareness.  Also, readers need to be aware of how sounds correspond to marks in writing.

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Conscious knowledge-something that can be taught and learned.

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Conscious knowledge-something that can be taught and learned.

Knowing about language:
Learning rules
Grammar instruction
Error correction

*Children use knowledge to learn to read.
Students learn language through drills and exercises. Grammar and vocabulary with meaning as secondary.