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A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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35mm film is the standard size of camera film, which is a reel of plastic film separated into one, two, or three dozen rectangular frames that measure 24mm x 36mm.

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A twin lens camera has two objective lenses of the same focal length.
Lens 1: photographic objective aka "taking lens", which is the lens that takes the picture.
Lens 2: used for the viewfinder system, as is viewed typically above waist level

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A large format camera is a camera that records images in a format larger than 4x5 inches. 4x5 inches is the most common large format but cameras have been produced that capture images up to 20x24 and beyond.

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The gelatin silver print or gelatin developing out paper (DOP) is a monochrome imaging process based on the light sensitivity of silver halides. The image is then made permanent by treatment in a photographic fixer, which removes the remaining light sensitive silver halides.

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Photo curators collect, exhibit, research and maintain the photo collection at a museum.

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A photography exhibition is a space in which photos are presented to an audience.

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Framing is part of the picture itself, using an object to highlight the main subject of the photograph.

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Copyright is the exclusive right, given to the creator of a creative work, to reproduce the work, usually for a limited time. One example would be the Eiffel Tour, which had it's copyright put into effect again when lights were added, which makes it technically illegal for photos of the Eiffel Tower to be taken at night (even though people do it anyways).
(photo is an example of copyright.)

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray. (I don't think this picture is really right, but this one confused me.)

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity. • Hue: name of color • Value: a hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value changes when white or black is added) • Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high intensity= color is strong and bright; low intensity= color is faint and dull)

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

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Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.

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Variety is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art. (in this photo: pattern & balance)

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Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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Proportion is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body

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Movement is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art.

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Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness. The stars aligned to take said photo.

(if you zoom in on this one, the bird was perfectly aligned with the middle in between the trees)

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Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

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Symmetry around a central axis

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Made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis; showing symmetry.

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Having parts which fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry.

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The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.
ie light/dark, sad/happy
In this example, it's life and nature vs death and destruction

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Containing or using only one color.

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Abstract photography, sometimes called non-objective, experimental, conceptual or concrete photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.

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Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space. For this reason, cool colors typically make a space seem larger. Examples of cool colors include green, blue, and violet.

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Warm colors are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming. Examples of warm colors include red, yellow and orange.

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Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out by producing a grayscale color like white or black. When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those two colors. Complementary colors may also be called "opposite colors."

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Neutral colors don't usually show up on the color wheel. Neutral colors include black, white, gray, and sometimes brown and beige. They are sometimes called “earth tones.”

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(of a person or their judgment) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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Constructive criticism is the process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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A trademark is a type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others, although trademarks used to identify services are usually called service marks.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.
I think that in reference to photography, this means what seems morally okay to take pictures of. For example, someone starving due to famine. It's important to spread the news, but should someone really be taking pictures instead of helping?

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Diffused light is a soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light. It is scattered and comes from all directions. Thus, it seems to wrap around objects. It is softer and does not cast harsh shadows.

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Ambient light means the light that is already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added. It usually refers to natural light, either outdoors or coming through windows etc. It can also mean artificial lights such as normal room lights.

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Chiaroscuro is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. It is also a technical term used by artists and art historians for the use of contrasts of light to achieve a sense of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects and figures.

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A silhouette is the outline of a person, animal, object, or scene that is represented as a solid colored shape (usually just black). The interior of a silhouette is featureless, and the figure is presented on a lighter background.

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A diptych is any object, usually an altarpiece with two flat plates (typically made of wood) attached with a hinge.

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A triptych is a work of art that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together. They can be folded shut or displayed open.

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A minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed. Pixels are small square sections that make up a larger image.

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The blue hour is the period of twilight when the sun is at a significant depth below the horizon and residual, indirect sunlight takes on a predominantly blue shade, which differs from the one visible during most of a clear day, which is caused by Rayleigh scattering.

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In photography, the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file. It specifies how bits are used to encode information in a digital storage medium.

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A camera RAW image is an unprocessed photograph captured with a digital camera. It contains the raw image data captured by the camera's sensor (or CCD), saved in proprietary file format specific to the camera manufacturer. The result is an efficiently processed JPEG image.

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A .PSD file is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, which stands forPhotoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data.PSD is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images' individual layers even after the file has been saved.

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JPEG is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality.

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TIF is an image format file for high-quality graphics.TIF files are also called .TIFF, which stands for “Tagged Image Format File.” TIF files were created in the 1986 as a file format for scanned images in an attempt to get all companies to use one standard file format instead of multiple.

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*camera in control of settings, not the photographer*
Automatic mode is a mode in a digital camera where the camera's software fully controls all aspects of the photograph, from the shutter speed to the aperture setting to the focus. The photographer has no specific control over the settings for a particular photograph.

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Manual mode refers to the settings on your camera that allows you to manually control aperture, shutter speed and ISO. Together, these three elements combine to effect the exposure of your photographs (how light or dark they may be), which in turn impacts the general appearance—and sometimes quality—of your photos.

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Program mode (the "P" on the mode dial of most DSLRs) means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed. Program mode also unlocks other functions that give you more creative control over your images.

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*shutter speed*
Under shutter priority mode, you set the shutter speed for a particular scene and the camera then will select the other settings (such as aperture and ISO) based on the shutter speed you've selected. Shutter speed is the measurement of the amount of time that the shutter on the camera remains open.

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*f-stop, depth of field*
Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture  value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure  based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter. This is different from manual mode, where the user must decide both values, shutter priority where the user picks a shutter speed with the camera selecting an appropriate aperture, or program mode where the camera selects both.

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In digital photography, ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply in film and photography – the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.

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In digital photographs, noise is the commonly term to describe visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photographs, but can also look like splotches of discoloration when it's really bad, and can ruin a photograph. Noise tends to get worse when you're shooting in low light. For example, you can see noise in the parts of the sky that were turned red and green in this photograph.

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In photography, ASA and ISO are both measurements of film speed, or sensitivity to light. ASA is a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used. Now, most film is labeled by ISO, which was created in 1987 by the International Organization for Standardization.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons. It can be objectionably noticeable in an over-enlarged photographic film photograph.

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An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information. The waves can be light or other electromagnetic radiation.

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A digital single-lens reflex camera is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor. The reflex design scheme is the primary difference between a DSLR and other digital cameras.

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Metadata is "data that provides information about other data". In short, it's data about data. Many distinct types of metadata exist, including descriptive metadata, structural metadata, administrative metadata, reference metadata and statistical metadata.

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Thumbnail is a term used by graphic designers and photographers for a small image representation of a larger image, usually intended to make it easier and faster to look at or manage a group of larger images.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake. Using a VR NIKKOR lens can result in sharp images in low light, under windy conditions or when using a physically large NIKKOR lens, at up to four stops slower with a VR lens than a non-VR lens.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a beep and some of the AF points will light up—often in a red or green color—in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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In photography, bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

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Normally, the vertical bar under the scale, known as the exposure level indicator, predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the current exposure settings. In autoexposure modes, the exposure level indicator stays pegged in the middle.

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Exposure compensation is a technique for adjusting the exposure indicated by a photographic exposure meter, in consideration of factors that may cause the indicated exposure to result in a less-than-optimal image.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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The f-stop is the "aperture" opening of a camera lens, which allows light to come in. It also determines how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject (depth of field).

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Aperture is referred to the lens diaphragm opening inside a photographic lens. The size of the diaphragm opening in a camera lens regulates the amount of light that passes through onto the film inside the camera the moment when the shutter curtain in camera opens during an exposure process.

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In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out of focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out of focus points of light".

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For many cameras, depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture.

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The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters (e.g., 28 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm). In the case of zoom lenses, both the minimum and maximum focal lengths are stated, for example 18–55 mm.

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In photography, shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time.

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The bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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Tripod - a 3 legged support device to keep a camera steady and in a certain position to take a photograph. Can also be applied to film.
Monopod - a 1 legged support device that allows for mobility when shooting while aiding in keeping the camera steady.

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White balance is the process that the camera uses to remove color casts produced by these different color temperatures and helps your camera emulate what your eyes do naturally when dealing with white. Auto White Balance sometimes give very close results to what you see with your eyes.

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To make daylight sun (5500K) look warm, that same person would post produce it with a white balance of perhaps 5700K or some amount above 5500K where the light is neutral and white.

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A shaded location generally produces cooler or bluer pictures, hence you need to warm up the surroundings while shooting shaded objects.

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This mode is ideal for while shooting on a cloudy day. This is because it warms up the subject and surroundings and allows you to capture better shots.

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This mode is used for light under a little bulb like tungsten, and it is often used while shooting indoors. The tungsten setting of the digital camera cools down the color temperature in photos.

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This mode is used for getting brighter and warmer shots while compensating for the cool shade of fluorescent light.

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The flash mode is required when there is inadequate lighting available. This mode helps pick the right White Balance under low light conditions.

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will give the most accurate colors when properly used. Typically you take a shot of a white or gray card and the camera calculates the correct white balance for any future shots taken in the same light. Since it knows the card is neutral in color, the camera can make this calculation accurately.

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A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.
When talking about photography the term 'shadow' is used to describe the darkest parts of an image. ... Manipulation of the lighting and exposure of shadow within an image can be used to add or remove darkness from a scene, dramatically altering the overall feel and depth of a photograph.

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Midtones represent the surface area between the Highlights and the Shadows and they represent an area of surface that simply has less light than the Highlights. However, Midtones are close to the 50% range. Shadows are the absence of light.

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A highlight is a bright spot in a photograph. Normally it is assumed to be one of the brightest points in the image. Highlights are normally created by a bright or intense illumination or by various forms of diffusion or reflection. Highlights are created by any bright light source.

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Put simply, sepia is a form of photographic print toning – a tone added to a black and white photograph in the darkroom to “warm” up the tones (though since it is still a monochromatic image it is still considered black and white).

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Post processing is process of editing the data captured by camera while taking the photo to enhance the image. ... There are more and more camera which have come into market which can capture RAW files. Raw files has much more data at pixel level which and help in post processing and enhancing the image.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Time-lapse photography is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured is much more spread out than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.
Time lapses are lots of pictures taken and put together usually at a fast enough speed to where it flows like a video.