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L E A R N E D
B E H A V I O R - Irene Cho

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https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/behavioral-biology/animal-behavior/a/learned-behaviors

https://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Biology-Advanced-Concepts/section/14.7/

https://www.brainfacts.org/thinking-sensing-and-behaving/vision/2017/what-can-animals-sense-that-we-cant-071317

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Insight Learning is when animals use their past experiences to act differently. An example of an organism that uses insight learning is a chimpanzee. Chimpanzees test how deep the water of some rivers or lakes are before stepping in. They learned to take a small stick and stick it in the water to see the depth before actually going in the water to prevent drowning.

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Play teaches organisms survival skills to organisms. Rabbits and baby lions can enhance their ability to fight and run through play. Although play may seem innate and that organisms are born with the ability to play, it is improved through playing experiences and fighting with other organisms.

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Observational learning is where an organism follows something from observing. An example of an organism that learns this way are ducks. When ducks are young they observe who is a motherly figure and copy whatever this “mother” does. This explains why some ducks end up following a human because they saw a human before their mother duck. Young ducks copy and follow their “mother” from observing.

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Operant conditioning is where punishments and rewards for repeated experiences teaches an organism how to act. This is most commonly known for animals like cats and dogs. If cats and dogs “roll on the ground” or “speak”, they are given a treat. Therefore, it becomes a learned behavior.

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Classical conditioning is when an organism is able to compare two different factors and able to relate them to each other. An example of this would be if an organism can differentiate a sound to a predator. For an example, elephants can hear and recognize their mates miles away. They learned how to differentiate different sounds to different organisms through experience.

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Sensitization occurs when an organism can respond to more situations because of a past experience. They are more sensitive to more factors. And example of this would be sound or touch. By repeating a large sound that makes the organism respond strongly, the animal will learn how to recognize smaller sounds. The animal will become more sensitive to sound and be more aware of predators.

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Habituation is when an organism gets “used to” something. An example of this would be dogs who normally saw humans as a threat starting to realize they aren’t. Dogs who were raised in the wild would see the human race as a threat and a predator. However, over time, they got used to the presence of humans and realized that humans were harmless. Therefore, dogs learned through habituation that humans aren’t their predators.

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Learned behavior has become an adaptation in order to survive for various animals. For an example, a bird who is already born with the innate ability to sing songs. However, the birds learns to sing a different variety of songs through experience and learns to adapt to a new environment. There is a sensitivity period for birds and birds learn songs during this period. To get mates, they have to adapt by learning a different song that would be more attractive. This is an adaptation from learned behavior. Adaptation can increase the fitness of an organism. The natural selection of organisms provide adaptations that can be beneficial.

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Social behavior has many benefits to organisms. It can help the chance of survival and reproduction for a species. By interacting with different animals, the animals are more aware about their predators and dangerous situations. They also have more experience in different situations teaches them learned behavior. Social behavior can also lead to some species traveling in packs which helps the survival of those organisms. These adaptations can be crucial to survival. In addition to, reproduction rates can increase. I believe social behavior is necessary for organisms to survive.

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Different Ways of Learning

habituation

sensitization

classical conditioning

operant conditioning

observational learning

play

insight learning