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Zabecki, D. T. (2018). Racing Headlong. Military History, 35(1), 30–39. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=128280058&site=ehost-live

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Britannica, T. E. (2018, September 09). John J. Pershing. Retrieved May 18, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-J-Pershing

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John J. (Black Jack) Pershing | Biography, Facts, & Nickname

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John J. Pershing: Biography of U.S. Army General John J. Pershing.

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Richard S. Faulkner, Ph.D (2010). “John J. Pershing: “The Very Model of A Modern Major General?”

https://content.grantham.edu/academics/GU_HS315/Great_Commanders_Textbook.pdf. Retrieved: May 18, 2019
General John J. Pershing

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May 18, 2019
HS315: Leadership Great Commanders

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General Pershing from the War Room providing Leadership

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General Pershing from the War Room providing Leadership

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Senior Army commanders no longer  command as a great man on horseback, able to inspire his army by his presence on the battlefield and direct operations by on-the-spot inspiration, was over. General Pershing has modernized the Commander role  with the modernization due to the  the Great War and technology.

General Pershing Identified many important  parameters  manpower. resources and expectations in respects such as common sense business methods  when it comes to management of an Army or a Major Corporations.

With the backing from the White house to keep relevant in Europe  this allowed Pershing the flexibility needed to stand his ground against his allies, not allowing them to pick apart the American Divisions to fill the British and French depleted ranks.

Reference
Richard S. Faulkner, Ph.D (2010). “John J. Pershing: “The Very Model of A Modern Major General?”

https://content.grantham.edu/academics/GU_HS315/Great_Commanders_Textbook.pdf. Retrieved: May 18, 2019

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The grave site of General of the Armies John J. Pershing stands alone on a hill top at Arlington National Cemetery

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The grave site of General of the Armies John J. Pershing stands alone on a hill top at Arlington National Cemetery

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Pershing picked the spot for his final resting place, saying he wanted a simple headstone like that of his men, many of which are buried nearby.

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General Pershing Overall goal was to maintain the independent army of the AEF, however he found a way to integrate into Allied Operations on the western front.

General Pershing had two major challenges to overcome to be successful.
1. lack of trained manpower
2. lack of materials

When the U.S. entered the war the army was currently 84000 soldiers  the smallest army of the allies. 18 month later 2,000,000 men serving in the European campaign. with a additional 2,000,000 still state side.
General Pershing learned from his lack of ability to control such a large mass of troops. He decided for better command and control to  give up direct operational control and split his forces into two large divisions, this would allow him to gain the strategic level needed to make better decisions while mentoring fellow officers .

The second portion of the conclusion was supporting his large army with materials. These materials include equipment such as rapid firing artillery, high explosive shells, bolt action, magazine rifles and machine guns. This equipment all needed to be maintained at the front. The continuous resupply of rations and clothing to enhance the ability to mobilize his army.

General Pershing revolutionized the way a combatant commander leads his troops, by exercising his leadership  not through heroic leadership but from the strategic level leadership.

Reference
Richard S. Faulkner, Ph.D (2010). “John J. Pershing: “The Very Model of A Modern Major General?”

https://content.grantham.edu/academics/GU_HS315/Great_Commanders_Textbook.pdf. Retrieved: May 18, 2019

Britannica, T. E. (2018, September 09). John J. Pershing. Retrieved May 18, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-J-Pershing

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Why is Pershing conducive to study and what can our young Officers learn from his actions ?

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1. Maintained the relevance of American Armies integrity by standing his political ground using his  command and control by not relinquishing his troops to the British and or  French armies as replacements.

2.Directly impacted the increased amount of trained soldiers required for  World War 1 against the Germans. from 84 thousand to four million.

3.Modernized and Organized the Training required to grow this vast army.

4. Developed logistical infrastructure to support the rapid growth of his new trained force.

5 Negotiated the required equipment for his growing army with allies.

6. Overseen the logistic transportation Lines to keep his growing army supplied while in France.

7. Impacted Professional Education with post war lessons learned from prior AEF officers at schools designed for Officers called the Army War collage

8. His keen eye for talent  Identified and mentored key individuals of future generation of U.S. Army generals including George S. Patton, Dwight D. Eisenhower, George C. Marshall and Omar Bradley, who led the United States in World War II.

Reference
Richard S. Faulkner, Ph.D (2010). “John J. Pershing: “The Very Model of A Modern Major General?”

https://content.grantham.edu/academics/GU_HS315/Great_Commanders_Textbook.pdf. Retrieved: May 18, 2019

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Due to the death of his family, it directly effected his character he became withdrawn and empathized duty above all else.

Pershing tried to command the 2,000,000 Soldiers in Europe himself
he lost command and control of his forces.

Pershing operated through a stern leadership style of fear and obedience, he did not inspire his men hence they where not pushed to maximum potential.

Reference
Richard S. Faulkner, Ph.D (2010). “John J. Pershing: “The Very Model of A Modern Major General?”

https://content.grantham.edu/academics/GU_HS315/Great_Commanders_Textbook.pdf. Retrieved: May 18, 2019

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1. Highly organized
2. Physical and Political Courage
3.Intelligence / Visionary
4.determination and dedication
5. Integrity
6. Stern bearing
7. Rigid discipline
8. Attention to details
9. Pride

Reference
Richard S. Faulkner, Ph.D (2010). “John J. Pershing: “The Very Model of A Modern Major General?”
https://content.grantham.edu/academics/GU_HS315/Great_Commanders_Textbook.pdf. Retrieved: May 18, 2019

Britannica, T. E. (2018, September 09). John J. Pershing. Retrieved May 18, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-J-Pershing

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THE EARLY YEARS

John Joseph Pershing was born on September 13, 1860, and grew up in north- central Missouri in a town named  Laclede.
John worked on his families farm as a young man but had aspirations to attend college. He had a brief career as a teacher. A newspaper add provided a thought  in  hopes for a dramatic course correction with better education possibilities, by joining the  United States Military Academy these opportunities would presented. After acceptance into West Point, his military and leadership skills placed Pershing in the middle of the pack of his graduating class of 77 cadets in 1886. Pershing was commissioned into the cavalry.
Pershing participated in the last great Indian campaign: the Ghost Dance War of 1890. Returning to his foundation of education he  became a professor of military science at the university of Nebraska  concurrently obtaining a Law degree. In 1896 Pershing returned back to the field environment and lead the  10 Calvary. the 10th Calvary was a completely black regiment. Shortly after a turn of events unfolded and Pershing returned to West Point as a Instructor. Pershing gained the nick name from his cadets of "black Jack" to be derogatory in nature for his strict enforcement of the academy's rules regulations and reflection during his time spent with the 10 Calvary.
Pershing served in multiple conflicts from Cuba to the Philippines.
In 1914 Pershing was satisfied in commanding the 8th Brigade, stationed in San Francisco California  when a catastrophic event happen. Pershing home burned to the ground on 27 August 1915 taking his three daughters and his beloved wife. In 1916 Secretary of War Newton Baker provided BG Pershing a opportunity to pour his grief into his work by providing a defensive posture on the Mexican boarder.  With tensions running high with the increase in hostility at the boarder,  BG Pershing was selected for the punitive expedition over senior ranking officers because Secretary Baker believed in BG Pershing unwavering loyalty to policy of the civil authorities.

Reference
Richard S. Faulkner, Ph.D (2010). “John J. Pershing: “The Very Model of A Modern Major General?”

https://content.grantham.edu/academics/GU_HS315/Great_Commanders_Textbook.pdf. Retrieved: May 18, 2019

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General John J. Pershing was the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in France during World War I. Pershing reorganized the military organization to mass produce needed trained Soldiers and increased through diplomatic means the materials needed to support the war fighting machine in Europe.

Reference
Richard S. Faulkner, Ph.D (2010). “John J. Pershing: “The Very Model of A Modern Major General?”

https://content.grantham.edu/academics/GU_HS315/Great_Commanders_Textbook.pdf. Retrieved: May 18, 2019

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