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Japan is a state in the Far East, it is located in the Pacific Ocean, next to the Asian continent. Japan is made up of about 3,000 islands, the largest and most important being Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku. The territory being geologically recent is subject to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and tides. The climate of Japan is cold in the north, temperate in the central regions, and tropical in the small southern islands. The climate of Japan is influenced by the monsoons: in winter the cold currents prevail, while in summer the hot and humid currents prevail.

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The first inhabitants of Japan came from China and Korea. For many years Japan has had a political-social structure similar to the European feudal one. The bourgeoisie was a weak class and dependent on warriors, the latter went into crisis in the 1800s, because of Western influence. However, Japan managed to maintain a certain independence and start an industrial revolution similar to the English one. Between the end of the century and the beginning of the next, Japan became a great capitalist power, thanks to which Japan decided to undertake various battles including that with China, Russia and Korea. Later Japan took part in the First World War, aiming to conquer the German possessions on the Pacific. He took part in the Second World War by siding with Hitler and Mussolini, respectively Germany and Italy, after the defeat of the latter two bombs were launched on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Immediately after the end of the war, a constitutional monarchy was established under American rule.

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In 2018 the estimated population of Japan was 126 496 000 inhabitants. It is the eleventh most populated country in the world. Average life expectancy and the percentage of elderly population are among the highest in the world. The population density is very high, although there are sparsely inhabited areas of the archipelago, the population lives mainly in urban centers. The most populated cities are Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka and Nagaya.

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Japanese cuisine is considered a world heritage protected by UNESCO. Born as Washoku, it is placed totally in contrast with the Yōshoku (western cuisine). The main ingredients are rice, fish, vegetables and legumes, the meat is present in few and rare dishes. It is enriched with various sauces such as soy. It is considered one of the healthiest kitchens in the world due to the presence of fresh foods.

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The Japanese economy is considered one of the most impressive in the world, after the United States and China. Agricultural lands occupy one tenth of the territory, modern technologies make it possible to obtain an abundant production but not capable of covering national needs. It is mainly cultivated rice, the cultivation of barley, wheat, soy, tea, tobacco, camphor, beetroot and sugar cane are also widespread. The cultivation of fruit trees and mulberry trees that feed the silk industry is very common. Fishing, a long-standing tradition, is also important. There are no important mineral resources other than some deposits of zinc, coal, sulfur and silver. Japan has made significant progress in energy production, exploiting both renewable sources such as thermal energy, hydroelectric power and wind power as well as nuclear energy. As far as industry is concerned, metallurgical, mechanical, pharmaceutical, electronic, IT and automotive industries are widespread throughout the country. In Japan, the tertiary sector contributes about two thirds of the gross domestic product. The main activities are banking, insurance, real estate, commercial, transport and telecommunications. The Tokyo Stock Exchange is one of the most important in the world.

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The written Japanese language is traditionally a calligraphy performed with a brush. As in other Asian countries, the interpretation of the text itself is seen as its own art, as is the meaning of what is written.The best known traditions take the name of Ikebana, which literally means the art of arranging flowers, taking elegant shapes while remaining simple. Another very significant and ancient tradition is that of the Cha no yū, a veritable tea ceremony.

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Sumo is considered the national sport of Japan, it is a form of hand-to-hand struggle in which two challengers face each other in order to land or oust the opponent from the combat zone called dohyō.Judo is considered a combat sport and an art of self-defense, born in 1882. It becomes an official sport for the 1964 Olympics. It is a sport focused mainly on the mind-body philosophy.

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"Nisshoki" (sun flag) is the official name of the Japanese flag, although it is commonly called "Hinomaru" (solar disk). In ancient Japan the flag was used as a distinctive sign of Samurai and Daimyo. After the second post-war period the use of the flag was abolished, it was re-established in 1951.

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Considered the largest metropolis in Japan, located on the peninsula of Honsū, Tokyo, originally called Edo is the capital of the State.It is a very important economic center and one of the oldest cities in the world.