# data[].attributes.headline
Glutamate (Aidan Vargas, Vicktoria deVaux, Evangelin Hernandez)

# data[].attributes.subject
Glutamate (Aidan Vargas, Vicktoria deVaux, Evangelin Hernandez)

# data[].attributes.body
Glutamate

Aidan Vargas, Vicktoria deVaux, Evangelin Hernandez

1. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is released by nerve cells in the brain. Excitatory had a likelihood that the neuron will fire an action potential.

Some functions of the Glutamate are:

1. Supports Brain Function

2. Plays a Role in Immunity

3. Supports Muscle Function

4. Increases Appetite and Satiety

Why is glutamate important?

It's considered an excitatory neurotransmitter, which means it stimulates areas in the brain or other parts of the nervous system. That type of stimulation is an essential part of the learning process, so in that way, glutamate is a good thing.

# data[].attributes.headline
Serotonin (Roxanne W, Marlenne G, Drake L)

# data[].attributes.subject
Serotonin (Roxanne W, Marlenne G, Drake L)

# data[].attributes.headline
Acetylcholine- Lucy Jakubowski, David lent, Arwen wells.

# data[].attributes.subject
Acetylcholine- Lucy Jakubowski, David lent, Arwen wells.

# data[].attributes.body
Description- Acetylcholine (aka ACh) is an excitatory neurotransmitter, which is a chemical released by neurons in the brain. This neurotransmitter is found in the gaps or synapse between the neurons. Its responsible for inhibiting signals exchanged between nerve cells

Structure-  Acetylcholine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acly cholines. Its structure written out is C7NH16O2+.

function/ why it's important- Acetylcholine is the chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, the part of the peripheral nervous system that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increases bodily secretions, and slows heart rate.

# data[].attributes.headline
Histamine~ Grace Zavala Tino Ceja and Corey Khamphou

# data[].attributes.subject
Histamine~ Grace Zavala Tino Ceja and Corey Khamphou

# data[].attributes.body
1. Histamine is an excitatory neurotransmitter

2.   Histamine is produced when allergies and inflammatory

3.   histamine a compound which is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle

# data[].attributes.body
1. Epinephrine is an excitatory Neurotransmitter
2. Refer to the image below
3. The function of epinephrine is to release adrenaline into the blood stream. It is very important because during times of stress your body needs to be producing more blood. It releases blood into your blood stream and prepares your body for a dangerous situation by increasing heart rate, blood pressure and glucose production.

# data[].attributes.headline
Group 5 - Meiko Sardegna, Delanie Thomas, and David Ochoa - Dopamine

# data[].attributes.subject
Group 5 - Meiko Sardegna, Delanie Thomas, and David Ochoa - Dopamine

# data[].attributes.body
1. Dopamine can be considered both an excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter
2. Refer to the image attached for structure.
3. The function of dopamine is that it plays in motor control, motivation, arousal, and reinforcement. This Neurotransmitter is important, because it plays a role in our daily behaviors such as movement like eating, learning, or becoming addicted to drugs.

# data[].attributes.headline
Period 2- Oxytocin Erin Baugh and Dominick Kowalski 

# data[].attributes.subject
Period 2- Oxytocin Erin Baugh and Dominick Kowalski 

# data[].attributes.body
Describe this neurotransmitter

- Oxytocin is a neurotransmitter and a hormone. It is transported to and secreted by the pituitary gland. It is normally produced in the hypothalamus.

Describe the structure or include a picture.

-Excitatory neurotransmitter

It is a nonapeptide, a peptide with nine amino acids                              -Oxytocin affects mainly the reproductive system, controlling childbirth and lactation
-It also plays a part in aspects of human behaviour

What is the function? Why is this neurotransmitter important?

-Oxytocin is a hormone that acts on organs in the body and as a chemical messenger in the brain. This hormone is crucial in the role of the childbirth process and also helps with male reproduction.

# data[].attributes.body
By Spencer Payne and Makayla Hynes

1. Endorphin is any of a group of hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions.

2. Image below

3. Endorphins help one deal with stress and reduce feelings of pain but can also be released during other activities like eating or exercise. They are important because they boost pleasure, resulting in a feeling of well-being.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Chemical structure of an endorphinGraphic credit: Edgar181 - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2834218

Endorphins are natural chemicals in the body that fight 1) ___. Endorphins are released when a person gets hurt, but also during exercise, laughter or sex. In addition to blocking pain, endorphins can make people happy. Endorphins resemble drugs like morphine, so when scientists first discovered these chemicals in the 1970s, they called them "endogenous morphine". Since then, scientists have identified and named five different types of endorphins, all of which occur naturally in the 2) ___.

Endorphins are produced by the central 3) ___ system and the pituitary gland can also be found in most animals. Their name has two parts: endo- and -orphin; these are short forms of the words endogenous and morphine. They mean "a morphine-like substance from within the body." Endorphins are three compounds which bind to receptors. The main function of endorphins is to inhibit the communication of pain signals. They may also produce a feeling of euphoria very similar to that produced by other opioids.

Four types of endorphins are created in the human body. They are named alpha, beta, gamma and sigma endorphins. The four types have different numbers and types of amino 4) ___ in their molecules; they have between 16 and 31 amino acids in each molecule. Beta-endorphins are the most powerful endorphins in the body. They are usually in the hypothalamus and pituitary 5) ___. More endorphins are released in the pituitary gland during times of pain or stress. Exercise increases the endorphin release too. For the same reason, exercise results in a better mood.

Met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin are in the brain stem and spinal 6) ___; they are the pain killers of the spinal cord. Both of them have five amino acids in their structure; the first four are similar, but the last one is different. All of the endorphins bind to the opioid receptors in the brain. Many of the analgesic (pain killer) drugs have a similar action in the brain. The main difference between the natural endorphins and the analgesic 7) ___ is that natural endorphins are cleared from the blood very quickly. Endorphins are also involved in the release of sex hormones in the pituitary gland. Also, scientists think that acupuncture results in the release of more endorphins. Endorphins may have a role in obesity, diabetes and psychiatric diseases too.

The term ?endorphin rush' is sometimes used in normal speech to refer to a feeling of wellness caused by exercise, danger or stress. However, it is not a medical term, and it is not proven that higher endorphin production after exercise really has a role in the wellness feeling. Another term which is commonly used is 'runner's high'. It refers to the feeling being "high" (full of energy and wellness) after exercise. It is commonly said that the "high" is a result of the release of bigger amounts of endorphins in the body during exercise. However, some scientists think this feeling is caused by the challenge, and is not related to endorphin release.

For example, in some studies a drug was given to people which blocked the effect of endorphins. These people still felt the runner's high; it means this feeling is not caused by the release of endorphins in the blood. Another study was performed in 2004, which showed this feeling is related to a different body chemical named "anandamide". Anandamide is not an endorphine but is an endocannabinoid, similar to one of the chemicals in marijuana and 8) ___.

Laughter may also stimulate 9) ___ production; a 2011 study showed that attendees at a comedy club showed increased resistance to pain.

Receptors are specific protein molecules that are configured to bind to opiates. But why should the body evolve receptors for molecules found in a poppy that grows in the Orient? Perhaps, researchers theorized, morphine just happened to accidentally resemble some sort of molecule that the body itself produced to modulate pain. From a clinical standpoint, endorphins and their effects and interactions are still being understood and studied. Neuroscience needs a great deal more 10) ___ on the role endorphins play in the human body.

ANSWERS: 1) pain; 2) body; 3) nervous; 4) acids; 5) gland; 6) cord; 7) drugs; 8) chocolate; 9) endorphin; 10) research

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Endorphins are natural chemicals in the body that fight 1) ___. Endorphins are released when a person gets hurt, but also during exercise, laughter or sex. In addition to blocking pain, endorphins can make people happy. Endorphins resemble drugs like morphine, so when scientists first discovered these chemicals in the 1970s, they called them "endogenous morphine".

# data[].attributes.headline
GABA (Group 6) - Selah Gutierrez, and Rohan Gharibgard

# data[].attributes.subject
GABA (Group 6) - Selah Gutierrez, and Rohan Gharibgard

# data[].attributes.body
1. GABA is a inhibitory neurotransmitter

2. GABA is made up of five protein subunits. Each subunit is a string of amino acids that pass in and out of the cell membrane four separate times.

3. The function of GABA is to reduce the activity of the neuron that it binds to. It controls the fear or anxiety that you experience when neurons are overexcited. GABA is an important neurotransmitter because it has an important role in behavior, cognition, and the response to stress.

# data[].attributes.body
1.

1. Both excitatory and inhibitory

2. See image below

3. Vasopressin is  important because it conserves fluid volume in the body by reducing the amount of water passed in the urine. Anti diuretic hormone helps control blood pressure by affecting the kidneys and the blood vessels.

# data[].attributes.headline
Norepinephrine (Group 3) - Mya Biggs, Emilee Powers, Siauna White

# data[].attributes.subject
Norepinephrine (Group 3) - Mya Biggs, Emilee Powers, Siauna White

# data[].attributes.body
♡ Norepinephrine ♡

1. Norepinephrine is an excitatory neurotransmitter.

2. Picture below

3. Norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure. Additionally, it helps break down fat and drastically increases blood sugar levels. Increased blood sugar levels mean further energy for the body. This neurotransmitter is critical as it increases alertness and quickens reaction time. It also has been shown to play a part in an individuals attitude and capacity to focus.