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James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny. This invention made the spinning process become much faster which gave more thread to weavers. Thread was being produced faster than weavers could use it.

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Henry Cort developed the process called puddling. It made it possible to produce a better quality of iron. Since then, the British iron industry boomed. In 1852, Britain produced more iron than the rest of the world combined. The high-quality iron was used to build new machines, and new ways of transportation.

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James Watt improved the steam engine in the 1760's. In 1782, steam engines were used to drive machinery. Steam power could now be used to spin and weave cotton. Steam engines were found all over Great Britain. Since the steam engines were fired by coal, they did not have to be located by rivers.

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Edmund Cartwright invented the water-powered loom. This invention made it possible for the weaving of cloth to catch up with the spinning of thread.

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Robert Fulton built the first paddle-wheel steamboat, called the Clermont, in 1807. By 1860, a thousand steamboats plied the Mississippi River making transportation easier along the Atlantic Coast and the Great Lakes.