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Houses the DNA in Eukaryotic Cells
Control center of the cell

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Humans have 46 chromosomes in their nuclei

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A vacuole is a sphere filled with fluid and molecules inside a cell. The central vacuole stores water and maintains turgor pressure in a plant cell

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It pushes contents within the cell toward the cell membrane. This allows the plant cells to take in more light energy for making food through photosynthesis.

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Spindle fibers form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell. The spindle is necessary to equally divide the chromosomes in a parental cell into two daughter cells during both types of nuclear division: mitosis and meiosis

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Spindle fibers are found in eukaryotic cells and are a component of the cytoskeleton as well as cilia and flagella.

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Regulates cell motility, adhesion and polarity in interphase and facilitates the Organization of the spindle poles during mitosis

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Maintains chromosome number during cell division. Stimulates cell membrane shape changes during phagocytosis. Helps cell division

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Amyloplast is an organelle that produces and stores starch within internal membrane compartments.

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Amyloplast is only found in starchy plants such as tubers and fruits.

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Centrioles are important organelle that helps cells divide.

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Centrioles are not found in vascular plants and most fungi. They are made up of nine circularly arranged triplet microtubules.

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flagellum, plural flagella, hairlike structure that acts primarily as an organelle of locomotion in the cells of many living organisms.

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Provides anchorage and reinforcement for many organelles in a cell.

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Certain other cells are flagellated, such as the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract.

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Nucleus is held in place by a "cage" of cytoskeletal filament.
Other organelles use cytoskeleton for movement like the lysosome.

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A ribosome is a cellular particle made of RNA and protein that serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the sequence of the messenger RNA (mRNA) and, using the genetic code, translates the sequence of RNA bases into a sequence of amino acids

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The lysosome is responsible for the breakdown or digestion of macromolecules, repairs the cell membrane, and responds against foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses.

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Lysosomes contain more than 60 different enzymes, and have more than 50 membrane proteins.

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The mitochondria, also known as the powerhouse of the cell is vital. A mitochondria's function is to take energy someone would create from food and turn that into energy that a cell can use.

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The mitochondria has other functions as well, 5 other main functions include:
Production of ATP
Regulation of Innate Immunity
Calcium Homeostasis
Programmed Cell Death
Stem Cell Regulation

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Produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.

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It is called "Rough" because of the ribosomes attached to its surface.

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Large, folded membrane system. Puts together membranes, synthesizes lipids and steroids. Lacks ribosomes that populate the rough ER.

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Smooth ER enzymes present in the liver detoxify barbiturates, amphetamines and certain antibiotics.

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Chromoplasts function in the synthesis and storage of carotenoid pigments in flowers and fruits, and in certain leaves and roots, giving them their distinctive colors.

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The basic purpose of chromoplast is to attract insects and animals so that dispersal of seeds can take place.

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Chromosomes are thread like structures. Chromosomes regulate the proteins of the cells. They contain instructions to form new cells (DNA). Chromosomes play an important role in the processes of cells, cell division, and replication

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Chromosomes have the instructions to form new cells

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Participates in assembling the ribosomes, alteration of transfer RNA, and sensing cellular stress.

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The nucleolus is composed of RNA and proteins, which form around specific chromosomal regions.

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Much like the genome itself, mutations can occur within the ribosome which affect the formation of proteins and healthy function of the organism. Ribosomal function is crucial to survival, as any error in the translation process can lead to mutations in the protein being synthesized.

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Helps transport, modify, and package proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations. It is located in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum.

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While many types of cell sonly contain one or several Golgi apparatus, plant cells can contain hundreds.

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Helps transport materials that an organism needs to survive and recycle waste materials.

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Thinking of a vesicle as a tiny bubble that stores and transports materials may help people get an idea of how they look and function within a cell.

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Converts light energy into chemical energy through a process
called photosynthesis

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They also produce amino acids and lipid components that are necessary for chloroplast membrane production

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"Extensions from a eukaryotic cell that are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella and propel the cell by moving in a coordinated back-and-forth motion."

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The length of a single cilium is 1-10 micrometers and width is less than 1 micrometer.

Cilia are divided into 2 types:
-Motile (moving) cilia: found in lungs, respiratory tract, and middle ear. Work to keep the airway clear of mucus and dirt. Also help propel sperm.
-Primary cilia: appear as single appendages microtubules on the apical surface of cells (ex- kidney tubules)

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provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress. also allows cells to develop turgor pressure, which is the pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall.

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protects against infective organisms entering the cell and controls intercellular transport.

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removes waste material
helps in cell respiration
converts glucose into energy

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the region of the cell outside of the nucleus and within the plasma membrane. It consists of cytosol and organelles.