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Hanna Yu, Gabrielle Leiphart, Katie Tierney

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Hanna Yu, Gabrielle Leiphart, Katie Tierney

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http://eso-cdn.bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/images/bp/en-gb/967-3_default.jpg

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For someone who lived through the accident would have had to have had Vertebral Artery Dissection. This process consists of This would have left constant head and neck pain.

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Also known as Cerebral Hypoxia, Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a condition when the brain does not receive enough oxygen. Due to the lack of oxygen present in the brain, the brain cells begin to die after four minutes. There are various of causes that can lead to HIE, such as respiratory failure, choking, extremely low blood pressure, drub overdose, or as in the case of Sarah Burke, ruptured blood vessel and cardiac arrest. Injuries, complications, and conditions will only increase the reduction of blood flow and oxygen to the brain, which is a major risk factor for HIE.

Possible Symptoms:

Mild Cases

1. Difficulty paying attention

2. Poor judgement

3. Poor coordination

4. Intesne Emotions

5. Extreme Drowsiness

Severe Cases

1. Seizures

2. Loss of Consciousness

3. Blue-colored skin or lips

4. Difficulty breathing

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy can be fatal if there is a severe deprivation of oxygen.

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A Cardiac Arrest is the "abrupt loss of heart function" (American Heart Association). Anyone can experience a cardiac arrest as it does not affect just those with heart diseases. Each year more than 420,000 Americans experience a cardiac arrest. The heart goes into an arrest shortly after the person experiences the symptoms.

There are many misconceptions about a cardiac arrest because many people mistake it as a heart attack, or sudden death. A heart attack can lead to a cardiac arrest, but but the source for the two illnesses are different. A cardiac arrest is caused by malfunctions in the heart's electrical system, such as abnormal, or irregular heart rhythms (also known as arrhythmia).

Possible Symptoms:

1. Loss of consciousness (fainting)

2. No heartbeat, or pulse is present

3. Dizziness or light-headed

4. Nausea

5. Shortness of breath

6. Vomiting

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Vertebrae Artery Tear "Dissection" aka Bleeding Vessels (HY)

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Vertebrae Artery Tear "Dissection" aka Bleeding Vessels (HY)

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Blood vessels can burst for multiple reasons, most of the time due to injures to the specific location. The results of a torn blood vessel can be detrimental, ultimately leading to death if not properly treated or if torn too severely. For patients under the ages of 45, a VAD has been shown to cause strokes. In order to diagnose a tear, images must be taken and studied using various of technology tools.

Possible Symptoms:

1. Ipsilateral Facial Dysethesia (Pain and Numbness)

2. Severe Headaches

3. Confusion

4. Weakness

5. Neck Pain

6. Coma

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A concussion is a common type of traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, jolt, or blow to the head; it will change the way the brain functions because due to the collision, the brain will jerk quickly back and forth putting it in a stake of shock.

Possible Symptoms in 4 Categories:

Thinking/Remembering

1. Difficulty thinking clearly

2. Feeling slowed down

3. Difficulty concentrating

4. Difficulty remembering new information

Physical

1. Headache

2. Fuzzy or blurry vision

3. Nausea or vomiting

4. Dizziness

5. Sensitivity to light or noise

6. Balance problems

7. Exhaustion

Emotional/Mood

1. Irritability

2. Sadness

3. Sensitive

4. Nervous and anxious

Sleep

1. Sleeping more than usual

2. Sleeping less than usual

3. Trouble sleeping

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To recover from this surgery the patient will have to do therapy with blood pressure medications and anti-platelet medications.

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1. http://www.vertebralarterydissection.com/

2. http://www.vertebralarterydissection.com/

3. http://www.drdooleynoted.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/1368_Vertebral_Artery_Dissection.jpg

4. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/761451-overview

5. http://www.momsteam.com/hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy/sarah-burkes-death-reminder-take-all-head-neck-injuries-seriously

6. http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/signs_symptoms.html

7. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/signs.html

8. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/CardiacArrest/About-Cardiac-Arrest_UCM_307905_Article.jsp

9. http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=230598

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Little is known about this procedure so the dissection can lead to stroke symptoms such as numbness, loss of speech, loss of feeling and sensation, and even paralysis.

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In Sarah Burke's case she did not even get to make it past this injury because she died.

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http://www.parkerhospital.org/PAH/Specialties/Neurosciences/Brain/Traumatic-Brain-Injury/Subdural-Hematoma/

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http://www.clinicalexams.co.uk/vertebral-artery-lesions.asp

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Sarah Burke was well known snowboarder training for the X Games when she had a brutal fall. As a result of the fall, she tore her vertebral artery.

The tear lead to severe bleeding on the brain which then caused her to go into cardiac arrest.

CPR was performed at the scene and she was airlifted to the University of Utah Hospital.

She underwent neurosurgery to repair the tear but she died due to the lack of blood and oxygen to her brain after the cardiac arrest.

http://xgames.espn.go.com/skiing/article/7466421/sarah-burke-dies-injuries-suffered-utah

http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/story/2012-01-19/freestyle-skier-sarah-burke-death/52680120/1