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Pestalozzi's purpose of education was to develop the human being's moral, mental, and physical powers harmoniously on pg.90 (Briana Carmon)

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Dewey's purpose of edcuation was to contribute to the individual's personal, social, and intellectual growth found on pg 90 (Briana Carmon)

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Addams founded Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in 1919 on pg 107 (Briana Carmon)

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Pgs 87-88: Comenius "wanted teachers to be caring persons who respected children's dignity and created engaging and pleasant classrooms." (Katie Bonner)

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Influence on Educational Practices Today

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Influence on Educational Practices Today

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Pg 93: "Rousseau has influenced modern education. His argument that the curriculum should be based on children's interests and needs profoundly affected child-centered progressive educators." (Katie Bonner)

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Pg 113: "Piaget reconstructed the concept of the school to resemble the informal environment in which children learn on their own. Outside of school, children learn directly and informally from their explorations of their environment." (Katie Bonner)

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pg. 115 "Freire said that a school's curriculum and instruction can either indoctrinate students to conform to an official version of knowledge, or it can challenge them to develop a consciousness that engages in self-liberation"

pg. 115 in 1986 he was awarded UNESCO prize for Education for Peace

pg. 116 Freire stated that real learning takes place when teachers and students are engaged in a open and ongoing dialogue.
(Katie Adams)

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Herbert used five step system to help prepare teachers for students. Those five steps were preparation, presentation, association, generalization, and application. (pg. 97-98)
(Chloe Seymour)

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Friedrich Froebel created kindergarten and the importance that it should be included in elementary school. (pg. 98-99)
(Chloe Seymour)

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"Montessori's curriculum included three major types of activities and experiences : practical, sensory, and formal skills and studies." This curriculum helped kids develop manners and social etiquette. (pg. 110)
(Chloe Seymour)

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Herbert advocated for children who worked as poorly paid laborers and helped develop schools that would focus on a child's holistic development. (page 93-94) (Ollie Macdonald).

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The Importance of inner spiritually through activity in young learners

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The Importance of inner spiritually through activity in young learners

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Friedrich acknowledged the importance of young children's imaginations during early stages of learning and incorporated featured games, play, songs, stories, and crafts in his learning environment. (page 99) (Ollie Macdonald)

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John used the scientific method to help children learn how to reflect on their experiences and help them achieve personal and social growth. He believed it was the most effective way for solving problems. (page 105) (Ollie Macdonald)

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Friedrich Froebel created the kindergarten, a school for early childhood education. He thought a school should be an emotionally secure place for children to learn. "Froebel envisioned a new kind of teacher who would be sensitive to children's readiness and needs..." Page 99 (Payton Fry)

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Pestalozzi, "sought to create a caring and emotionally healthy homelike school environment." He wanted teachers to win students over with trust, affection, and to nurture their self-esteem. Page 94 (Payton Fry)

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Spencer believed that schools should compete against one another so that the academically strong schools would prevail against the weaker ones. He believed the best schools would attract the smartest students and the most capable teachers. Page 102 (Payton Fry)

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Page 87: "Comenius rejected the child depravity doctrine that children were inherently bad and that teachers needed to use corporal punishments to discipline them." (Takahia Bell)

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Addams' method of instruction began with the learner's neighborhood, culture and needs which lead to broader social connections. page 90. (Kendra Harris)

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Page 92: "Rousseau's highly controversial noval rejected the principal that education should socialize the child." (Takahia Bell)

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thought the purpose of education was to create an environment where children's natural goodness would be able to grow pg 90 (Jennings Ritchie

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Montessori viewed the role of the teacher to be act as a director of learning by using didactic materials in a prepared environment. Page 90. (Kendra Harris)

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Spencer believed that since we lived in an industrialized world we must have a utilitarian education system that promotes science and technology pg.102 (Jennings Ritchie)

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Page 95: "Pestalozzi devised object lessons in which children learned the form, number, and names of objects. To learn a objects form, they traced, outlined, and sketched its shape. To learn numbers, they counted objects. Then they learned the names given to objects." (Takahia Bell)

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Pestalozzi lived when factory-made items were replacing handicrafts and children began to work in mines. he was concerned about the economic hang and saw this as an opportunity to develop schools would help the child as a whole. Page 93. (Kendra Harris)

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Piaget is largely responsible for the kind of classrooms that we see today that are mostly "informal learning centers" pg 114 (Jennings Ritchie)

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Page 113: "The following principles from Piaget can guide teachers' preservice preparation and classroom practice:
1. Encourage children to explore the environment.
2. Individualize instruction so children can learn at their own level of readiness.
3. design the classroom as a learning center stocked with materials that children can touch, manipulate and use." (Gianna Edwards)

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Page 87: "A pioneering peace educator, Comenius believed that universally shared knowledge would convince people to renounce their ethnic and religious hatreds and live harmoniously in a peaceful world order." (Sarina Fee)

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Page 115: "He urges teachers to develop a critical consciousness about the real power relationships in the schools and the conditions that affect their students."
(Gianna Edwards)

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Page 111: "Montessori made a pioneering contribution to education when she emphasized that early childhood education had a highly formative power over a person's adult development. Her significant educational contributions include her concept of sensitive periods, or phases of development, when children are ready to work with materials that are especially useful in sensory, motor, and cognitive learning." (Gianna Edwards)

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Addams' rejected the traditional curriculum that limited women's educational choices and opportunities. Addams believes women should be able to define their own lives with their careers, politics, society and education. page 107. (Taylor Childress)

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Page 104: Dewey developed his own philosophy of education and constructed his own curriculum to allow kids to be creative, experimental in their school activities. His guidelines were as follows: "Develop children's sensory and physical coordination. Provide opportunities for children to make and do things based on their interests. Stimulate children to formulate, examine, and test their ideas by acting on them." He also viewed schools as "miniature societies" (Sarina Fee)

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Addams believed that schools should be centered around a sense of community with results such as integrated technology and urban industrialization in the future. page 108. (Taylor Childress)

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Page 114: Paulo Freire developed his own philosophy based on his own experienced working and learning with people living in poverty. Freire had different beliefs on literacy, "literacy meant more than learning to read and write; it raised people's consciousness about the conditions of their lives, especially those that exploited and marginalized them." He wanted people to fight for their freedom via education, and he went on to win the UNESCO prize for Education for Peace. (Sarina Fee)

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Spencer was a believer of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. As species grew overtime, they used their skills, adaptability and intelligence to prevail. Spencer based his philosophies on curriculum around survival of the fittest in a socioeconomic understanding. page 102. (Taylor Childress)

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page 88, John Comenius believed that the biggest way children learned about who they are is through particular skills, social interacting in the classroom and how eager they are as a student to learn about a certain subject (Amira Haddad)

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Friedrich Frobel believed that spirituality was the core foundation to human nature (page 99, Amira Haddad)

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Jean Piaget was a strong believer that a child's intelligence develops in their adolescents and the early stages of their life. (page 112, Amira Haddad)

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Deweys ideas worked to open schools to social reform and change. His ideas were based more on hands-on learning which can be seen today as group work, collaborative learning, etc. (PG. 106)(Kayleigh Wood)

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She fought and believed for multicultural school systems. Addams wanted to build connections between immigrants and American society. She pushed to have cirricullum filled with music, crafts, history, customs and stories of racial and ethnic groups. (PG. 108)(Kayleigh Wood)

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Herbart devised an educational method that stressed sequential organization of instruction and moral character development. pg.91 (Hailey Toy)

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"Rousseau emphasized the crucial importance of stages of human development. In Emile, he identified five development stages: infancy, childhood, boyhood, adolescence, and youth." (pg. 92)(Kayleigh Wood)

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Dewey believed that education's sole purpose was social growth. He said, "the educational process has no end beyond itself; it is its own end; and that the educational process is one of continual reorganizing, reconstructing, transforming." pg. 106 (Hailey Toy)

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Mia Montessori was the first woman to earn a degree of doctor of medicine. She was originally rejected from the University of Rome but reapplied and was admitted. pg.109 (Hailey Toy)

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Page 115:  For Freire, teachers cannot be impartial or uncommitted on social, political, and economic issues. Those who claim to be completely objective are really imposing social, economic, political, and educational structures erected and controlled by dominant classes. (Kevin Payton)

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Page, 87 Johann Comenius was born in the Moravian town in Nivnitz, which is currently Czech Republic. He lived during Europe's post Reformation, during this time the Catholics and Protestants. (Hailee Walker)

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Page, 92 "Rousseau conveyed his educational philosophy in 1762 through his novel Emile, the story of a boy's education from infancy to adulthood. Rousseau's highly controversial novel rejected the principle that education should socialize the child." (Hailee Walker)

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Page, 95. He incorporated the following strategies in the teacher-preparation program:
Begin with concrete objects before continuing to abstract objects.
Begin with the learner's immediate environment and then move toward something more distant.
Being with easier tasks and developing into more complex ones.
Lastly, always proceed gradually and cumulatively. (Hailee Walker)

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Page 87 "Comenius's sensory method of teaching, rather than passive memorization, inspired later educator such as Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Montesorri, and Dewey."
(Jack Neville)

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Page, 90 Rousseau believed that the purpose of education is to " Create learning environments in which children's natural goodness can grow"

(Jack Neville)

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he believed that every child possesses an innate interior spiritual essence, a power, striving to be externalized. (Zyiiah Claxton, pg.99)

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his first kindergarten was established in 1837 at blankenburg and it was a permissive learning environment (Zyiiah Claxton, pg.99)

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the curriculum included what Froebel called gifts, or objects with fixed form, such as spheres, cubes, and cylinders, intended to bring to consciousness the underlying concept represented by the object. (Zyiiah Claxton, pg.99-100)

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Page, 98. "Herbart's five step method became popular in the United States and Japan but received backlash from progressive educators such as John Dewey. "

(Jack Neville)

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"Comenius believed that universally shared knowledge would convince people to renounce their ethic and religious hatreds and harmoniously in a peaceful world order"
page #: 87
(Ryleigh Ecroyd)

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"An early advocate of learning readiness, Comenius warned against hurrying or pressuring children." page 88
(Ryleigh Ecroyd)

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"He was among the partisan intellectuals who questioned the authority of the established church and absolute monarchy."
Page: 89
(Ryleigh Ecroyd)

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"Pestalozzi sought to develop schools that, like loving families, would nurture children's holistic development."
page: 93
(Ryleigh Ecroyd)

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Freire influenced critical theory and liberation pedagogy in todays schools. (pg 90) Dominique Perez

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Contemporary cirriculum designers still use Spencers rationale when they organize the cirriculum on human needs and activities. (pg 103) Dominique Perez

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Deweys key beliefs on education were that children were socially active beings and are eager to explore the environment and learners encounter personal and social problems as they innteract with the environment which can be used to stimulate children. He believed in the importance of the scientific method. (pg 105) Dominique Perez