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Wilhelm Wundt was a German physiologist and philosopher, today known as one of the founders of modern psychology. 

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Structuralism is the theory of consciousness that looks at the elements of mental experiences, like sensations, mental images, and feelings. Structuralism analyzes these elements to form more complex experiences.  Wundt used methods like introspection, to break down consciousness to its fundamental elements.

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William James, philosopher and psychologist, came up with the theoretical perspective as functionalism

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James was a leading figure in psychology and philosophy at the end of the 19th century, his work set the groundwork for  modern philosophers and psychologists. Functionalism states, mental activity (e.g. perception, memory, feeling) is to be evaluated in terms of how it serves the human in adapting to its environment.

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(Psychoanalyst) Sigmund Freud- Emma Toth

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(Psychoanalyst) Sigmund Freud- Emma Toth

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The psychoanalytic movement started when Freud studied the ideas and impulses that people had and they were brought into consciousness during the hypnotic state.  Freud learned that certain experiences were held back from our conscious awareness. (Toth 2021)

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Cognitivism is a learning theory that focuses on how information is received, organized, stored and retrieved by the mind. Cognitivism looks beyond observable behaviour, viewing learning as internal mental processes. In this view, learners are actively involved in the way they process information. (Hanson 2021)

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Edward Thorndike, an American psychologist 

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(Psychobiologist) Edward Thorndike - Taya Hanson

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(Psychobiologist) Edward Thorndike - Taya Hanson

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A psychobiologist is the branch of science that deals with the biological basis of behavior and mental phenomena. Thorndike studied learning in animals, he devised a classic experiment in which he used a puzzle box. He placed a cat in the puzzle box, which was encourage to escape to reach a scrap of fish placed outside. Thorndike would put a cat into the box and time how long it took to escape. (Hanson 2021)

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John Watson, a psychologist who popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism.

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The behaviorist movement started in 1913 when John Watson wrote an article. Watson states, "Psychology as a behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is... prediction and control." Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely experimental branch of natural science, its theoretical goal is the control of behavior and prediction.
McLeod, S. A. (2020, February 05). Behaviorist approach. Simply Psychology.

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Carl Rogers, one of the founders of the humanistic approach in psychology.

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The humanistic approach in psychology developed as a rebellion against what psychologists saw as limitations of behaviorism and psychodynamic psychology. Humanism rejected the behaviorist perspective along with the psychodynamic approach because it was regarded as dehumanizing. Carl Rogers believed the focus of psychology was how individuals perceive and interpret events. Carl believed the psychoanalytic perspective was too negative and that behaviorism was too reductive, so he found and created a solution of humanism, which made him a humanist.
McLeod, S. A. (2020, December 14). Humanism. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/humanistic.html

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Ivan Pavlov - A Russian Behavioral Psychologist 

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(Behaviorism) Ivan Pavlov - Josh Prebish

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(Behaviorism) Ivan Pavlov - Josh Prebish

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Ivan Pavlov may not have set out to change the face of psychology, but his work had a profound and lasting influence on the science of the mind and behavior. His discovery of classical conditioning helped establish the school of thought known as behaviorism.

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Carl Jung smoking out of his favorite pipe

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(analytic psychology) Carl Jung - Josh Prebish

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(analytic psychology) Carl Jung - Josh Prebish

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Jung was originally a supporter of his mentor Sigmund Freud. The relationship eventually fractured over Jung's criticism of Freud's emphasis on sexuality during development, which led Jung to develop his own psychoanalytic approach known as Analytical Psychology.

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(Socioculturalist) Lev Vygotsky- Emma Toth

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(Socioculturalist) Lev Vygotsky- Emma Toth

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Sociocultural perspective is used to describe the way we behave based on the social and cultural factors around us in our environment. Vygotsky believed the people who influence our lives when we are younger were responsible for developing our higher order functions. After we had the basic interactions we were able to have higher functioning abilities. (Toth 2021)