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A culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group that coexists with but is subordinate to a more dominant group. This includes people of color, women, children, the elderly, and immigrants, essentially anyone who is not a white male.

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a large building divided into apartments, usually in a poor area of a city where immigrants first arrive.

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The belief that the expansion of the U.S throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

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An innovation in steel production that lead to large scale manufacturing.

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To be against something; to disagree

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Worthy of attention; Important

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An organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members' interests in respect to wages, benefits, and working conditions.

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The Labor Movement in the United States | History

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An individual who create a new business, bearing most of the risks and enjoying most of the rewards.

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Dishonest or illegal behavior by power people, like government officials.

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Refers to when a company and its product offerings dominate a sector or industry. Often used to describe a company that has total or near-total control of a market. When you play Monopoly, you want to own and control everything.

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An economic policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interference from the government.

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Brief history of Laissez Faire economics through the Gilded Age in the United States. Created by Rachel Wittwer and Elma Tatarevic

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A political boss is a leader in a political party who controls votes and dictates appointments.
A political machine is a party organization headed by a single boss or small group that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state.

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A person who supports the idea of Nativism, which is the idea that people who were born in a country are more important than people who have come from other countries.

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Passed in 1882; The act prohibited, or didn't allow, immigration of Chinese laborers; First law targeting all members of an ethnic group or people from a specific nation.

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What was the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act? | The Chinese Exclusion Act

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The process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas; it is the creation of cities. People are leaving the rural country side to move into urban cities.

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An entry, or arrival, of a large number of people or things.

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The desire to promote the welfare, or help, others, usually by donating large amounts of money to charity causes.

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Enacted in 1887, allowed the US President to subdivide Native American tribal landholdings into allotments for Native Americans heads of families and individuals. The Act forced Native Americans to take on a capitalist and proprietary relationship with property that did not exist before. Remaining land was considered a "surplus" and sold to the highest bidder, including non-natives.

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Passed in 1862, during the Civil War; Act gave any citizen, or intended citizen, who NEVER raised arms against the US Government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land. To keep the land, claimants were required to improve it by building a dwelling (home) and cultivating the land.

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Assimilation is the act of being absorbed into a culture through the adoption of language and social norms.
Americanization is making a person American in character or nationality.