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Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a 96-mile (154 km) border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, the North Sea to the northeast and the Irish Sea to the south.

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Scotland History In 5 Minutes - Animated

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The type of English spoken in Scotland is more difficult to define than elsewhere in the UK. From the time of the Union of Parliaments in 1707, the official written language of Scotland became aligned with that of England. As such, Standard English has been used as the language of religion, education and government and so it became the socially prestigious form adopted by the aspiring middle classes.More markedly than in England, however, Standard English continued to be spoken with a variety of local accents.

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First there was Gaelic, the ancient language of the Celts. Then, around 1500 CE, there was a geographic shift, and Gaelic became mostly confined to the Highlands; whilst in the Lowlands, a different language began to develop distinct from Gaelic: Scots! But no, that’s still not quite Scottish English…

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...In the Lowlands, Scots mixed with Standard English (both mutually influencing each other), and in the 18th century, Scottish English was born! Scottish English can best be summed up as being an accent that is the perfect combination of Gaelic roots, Scots phonology and an English lexicon. And, linguistically speaking, the fact that Scottish English only developed three centuries ago makes this accent one of the “newest” accents in the British Isles.

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Linguistics and English Language at the University of Edinburgh

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The origins of the Scots language - in English

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Speakers often use prepositions differently. The compound preposition off of is often used (Take that off of the table). Scots commonly say I was waiting on you (meaning "waiting for you"), which means something quite different in Standard English.

In colloquial speech shall and ought are scarce, must is marginal for obligation and may is rare. Here are other syntactical structures:

What age are you? for "How old are you?"

My hair is needing washed or My hair needs washed for "My hair needs washing" or "My hair needs to be washed".

I'm just after telling you for "I've just told you".

Amn't I invited? for Am I not invited?

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Aye (interjection)
Pronounced – Eye
Meaning – Yes

Wee (adjective)
Meaning – Small

Dram (noun)
Meaning – a measure of whisky
Example sentence: “Aye, I’d  love a wee dram

Faff (verb)
Meaning – to take time to sort something out/ get something done

Ken (verb)
Meaning – to know something or someone

Scran (noun)
Meaning – food
Example sentence: “After we faff around here, I ken a good place to get some scran.”

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Gerard Butler Teaches You Scottish Slang | Vanity Fair

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Scotticisms are idioms or expressions that are characteristic of Scots, especially when used in English.They are more likely to occur in spoken than written language.

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Thomas Doherty's Scottish Slang School is Now in Session - RAW

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The speech of the middle classes in Scotland tends to conform to the grammatical norms of the written standard, particularly in situations that are regarded as formal.

Scottish English is mostly rhotic, meaning /r/ is typically pronounced in the syllable coda, although some non-rhotic varieties are present in Edinburgh and Glasgow. The phoneme /r/ may be a postalveolar approximant [ɹ], as in Received Pronunciation or General American, but speakers have also traditionally used for the same phoneme a somewhat more common alveolar tap [ɾ] or, now very rare, the alveolar trill [r] (hereafter, ⟨r⟩ will be used to denote any rhotic consonant).

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Образовательный центр Easy School

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Music
At public and cultural events you can often hear traditional music and see traditional dancing. Pipers play music on bagpipes, a Celtic wind instrument with pipes and a bag. Pipers and dancers usually wear kilts. A kilt is a traditional skirt with a tartan design which is worn by men and women. Scots enjoy all types of music from folk to rock and pop, and festivals like the Edinburgh Festival or concerts like ‘T in the Park’ are very popular. Famous Scottish singers and groups include Paolo Nutini, Franz Ferdinand and The Fratellis.

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Halloween
Upon that night, when fairies light
On Cassilis Downans dance,
Or owre the lays, in splendid blaze,
On sprightly coursers prance;
Or for Colean the rout is ta’en,
Beneath the moon’s pale beams;
There, up the Cove, to stray an’ rove,
Amang the rocks and streams
To sport that night …

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Scottish folklore and Scottish mythology
Halloween, on the night of October 31, is a traditional and much celebrated holiday in Scotland.The name Halloween was first attested in the 16th century as a Scottish shortening of All-Hallows-Eve, and according to some historians it has its roots in the Gaelic festival of Samhain, when the Gaels believed the border between this world and the otherworld became thin, and the dead would revisit the mortal world. In 1780, Dumfries poet John Mayne noted Halloween pranks: "What fearfu' pranks ensue!", as well as the supernatural associations of that night, "Bogies" (ghosts).