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Ways to Promote Discussion in the Classroom

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Ways to Promote Discussion in the Classroom

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8th Grade Next Generation Standards.docx

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Step 1: Choose a standard and create 3 or 4 higher order thinking questions for that standard

Step 2: Add 3 discussion stems that would work with those questions

Step 3: So which tool or discussion protocol from slide 8 could you use to implement the discussion stems you created?

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Step 1: Create 3-4 higher order thinking questions for the current topic you are teaching.

Step 2: Add 3 discussion stems that would work with those questions

Step 3: So which tool or discussion protocol from slide 8 could you use to implement the discussion stems you created?

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Step 1: Create 3-4 higher order thinking questions for the current topic you are teaching.

Step 2: Add 3 discussion stems that would work with those questions

Step 3: So which tool or discussion protocol from slide 8 could you use to implement the discussion stems you created?

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Share any other ideas you have created on Chatgpt related to questioning and discussion

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1) Who were some important leaders of the Progressive Era, and what contributions did they make?

2) What was the significance of the 19th Amendment, and how did it change the lives of women in America?

3) How did the Progressive Era influence labor rights in the United States?

Discussion Stems:

"some key reforms that aimed to reduce political corruption during the Progressive Era are....

1. The main goals of the Progressive Movement are....

The introduction of direct democracy changed the way people participated in politics by...

Tools Used:

Discussion Stems

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Please fill out this google form as your exit ticket.

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Please fill out this google form as your exit ticket.

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6R5

Question 1: How does the author organize the information in this text, and how does that structure help you understand the main idea?

The author organizes the text by using a (text structure, e.g., chronological order, cause and effect, etc.).

This structure helps me understand the main idea because ___.

For example, in the text, the author states, “___,” which shows ___.

If the author had used a different structure, it would have changed the way I understand the topic by ___.

Question 2: Compare and contrast the text structure of two different passages on the same topic.

The first text is organized using (text structure), while the second text uses (text structure).

One similarity between the two texts is ___. However, one difference is ___.

The structure in the first text helps the reader by ___, while the structure in the second text helps the reader by ___.

If both texts had the same structure, it would change the way the information is presented because ___.

Question 3: Why do you think the author chose this specific text structure? How would the meaning or impact change if the structure were different?

I think the author chose (text structure) because ___.

This structure allows the reader to ___.

If the author had used (different text structure) instead, the information would be ___.

For example, if the author had used (new structure) instead of (original structure), it would have changed the text by ___.

Discussion Protocols:

Socratic Seminar

Conversation Clubhouse

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How do the main character’s decisions shape the outcome of the story? Provide evidence from the text to support your analysis.

"How do you think the setting shapes the character’s behavior? Can you find any specific examples in the text?"

"If this story were set in a different time period or location, how do you think the characters might have acted differently? What would have changed in the story?"

"What role does the setting play in the decisions the characters make? How do the details of the setting reflect the character's challenges?"

How does the setting influence the characters’ actions and decisions? If the story took place in a different time or place, how might the characters or events change?

"How do you think the setting shapes the character’s behavior? Can you find any specific examples in the text?"

"If this story were set in a different time period or location, how do you think the characters might have acted differently? What would have changed in the story?"

"What role does the setting play in the decisions the characters make? How do the details of the setting reflect the character's challenges?"

What does paragraph ___ reveal about the character?

"What do you learn about the character from this paragraph? How does the author show this through their actions or thoughts?"

"How does this paragraph help us understand the character’s motivation or emotions?"

"What does the language in this paragraph tell us about how the character is feeling or thinking at this moment?"

Which paragraph reveals a change in the direction of the story?

"Which paragraph marks a turning point in the story? What makes this moment significant?"

"How does the shift in direction affect the story’s overall theme or conflict?"

"Why do you think the author chose this moment to change the direction of the plot? How does it impact the characters or their journey?"

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How did the caste system shape daily life in ancient India? How did it influence people’s jobs, social interactions, and opportunities?

The caste system affected daily life by…

People’s jobs were determined by…

Social interactions were influenced because…

Opportunities were limited because…

Was the caste system necessary for maintaining order in ancient Indian society, or did it create more challenges?

The caste system helped maintain order because…

The caste system created challenges because…

Without the caste system, society might have…

The caste system was based on birth and determined a person’s societal role. How does this compare to social structures in the world today?

A similarity between the caste system and today’s society is…

A difference between the caste system and today’s society is…

In today’s world, people are still divided by…

This can be used as a stick-it-together or give one, get one.

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Standard 6R1

1. What can be inferred about the theme of the text based on the characters' actions and dialogue?

2. What evidence from the text helps you understand why the main character make the decision to ...?

3. Which evidence best supports the claim that...?

Discussion stems

1. My evidence for this is...

2. What evidence supports. this idea?

3. A better example of this might be...

4. For background knowledge: One thing I already know about this topic is....

Tools/Protocols

1. TJPS

2. Stick it Together

3. Give one/ Get one

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Here are three higher-order questions focusing on the point of view, aligned with the Next Generation Learning Standards (6.RL.6):

1. Analyze how the author's choice of narrative perspective in a text shapes the overall meaning and themes. How would the story change if told from a different character's point of view?

This question encourages students to deeply analyze the impact of point of view on the story and its themes, requiring them to apply critical thinking skills to explore how perspective influences the narrative.

2. Evaluate how an author’s point of view influences the development of characters and the reader’s understanding of the plot. Can you identify any biases or limitations that come with this perspective?

This question requires students to evaluate the role of point of view in character development and plot progression while encouraging them to identify potential biases, fostering higher-level analysis and interpretation.

3. Compare and contrast the point of view in two different texts. How do the authors’ choices in perspective affect the portrayal of conflict and character relationships in each story?

This question challenges students to make comparisons between texts, examining the effect of different points of view on the same literary elements (conflict, character relationships), promoting critical comparison and synthesis skills.

These questions prompt deep thinking and understanding, aligning with the goals of the Next Generation Learning Standards (6.RL.6).

You said:

From those questions what would be sentence and discussion stems to help students answer those questions

ChatGPT said:

Here are sentence and discussion stems to help students answer each of the higher-order questions:

1. Question: Analyze how the author's choice of narrative perspective in a text shapes the overall meaning and themes. How would the story change if told from a different character's point of view?

Sentence Stems:

"The author's choice of point of view affects the meaning of the story by..."

"If the story were told from a different character’s perspective, it would change the theme because..."

"For example, in the story, the first-person point of view gives insight into [character]'s emotions, while a third-person point of view would provide a broader perspective of the situation."

Discussion Stems:

"How does the author use the character's perspective to reveal important details about the plot?"

"Can you think of any examples where a change in point of view might change how we understand the central conflict?"

"What would be lost or gained if the story were told from another character’s point of view?"

2. Question: Evaluate how an author’s point of view influences the development of characters and the reader’s understanding of the plot. Can you identify any biases or limitations that come with this perspective?

Sentence Stems:

"The author’s point of view influences the character development by..."

"Because the story is told from [character]'s point of view, the reader learns [specific information], which might be limited or biased because..."

"This perspective affects the plot by focusing on [character]'s personal experiences, which can make the reader more sympathetic to them, but also might exclude other viewpoints."

Discussion Stems:

"How does the point of view affect your understanding of a character’s motivations?"

"Do you think the narrator is reliable, or do they have any biases that shape how the story is told?"

"What might we not know if the story were told from another perspective?"

3. Question: Compare and contrast the point of view in two different texts. How do the authors’ choices in perspective affect the portrayal of conflict and character relationships in each story?

Sentence Stems:

"In [Text 1], the point of view is [first-person/third-person], which affects how we see the conflict because..."

"In contrast, in [Text 2], the author uses [a different point of view], which allows us to understand the conflict in a different way, such as..."

"While [Text 1] provides an intimate look at [character]'s thoughts, [Text 2] gives us a broader understanding of the conflict by showing multiple characters’ perspectives."

Discussion Stems:

"How does the narrator's perspective in each text influence the way we perceive the conflict?"

"What role does point of view play in the way characters relate to each other in each text?"

"Which text gives you a deeper understanding of the main conflict, and why?"

These sentence and discussion stems can guide students in developing a structured and thoughtful response, while also fostering deeper analysis and conversation.

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Standard 7R6

60/60 Power Write

1. Question: How does the narrator’s point of view shape the reader’s understanding of the main conflict in the story?
Discussion Stem:
“One reason I believe this point of view is important is because...”

2. Question: Compare two characters’ perspectives on a major event—how do their differing viewpoints reveal deeper themes in the text?
Discussion Stem:
“When I compare this character's perspective to another’s, I notice...”

3. Question: In what ways does the author acknowledge and respond to opposing viewpoints? How does this affect the credibility of the argument?
Discussion Stem:
“One reason I believe this point of view is important is because...”

4. Question: How would the meaning of the text change if it were told from a different character's or stakeholder's perspective?
Discussion Stem:
“If the text were written from a different perspective, the reader might...”

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Determine how Paragraph __ contributes  to the overall meaning of the text?

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Determine how Paragraph __ contributes  to the overall meaning of the text?

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Discussion Stems:

Paragraph ___ is important to the text because ______

Paragraph reveals an overall meaning of the text by explaining ________

Paragraph ____ Stands out in the text because _____

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7R2: Determine a theme or central idea and analyze its development over the course of the text.

  How does the author use specific events or character choices to develop the central theme throughout the text?
(Analysis – helps students track theme development over time.)

  What is the central idea or theme of the text, and how would the message change if the setting or characters were different?
(Evaluation – encourages thinking about how theme connects to narrative elements.)

  Compare the theme of this text to another you’ve read. What similarities or differences can you find in how the authors develop their messages?
(Synthesis – builds connections across texts.)

  What clues does the author give early in the text that hint at the theme, and how does your understanding of the theme evolve by the end?
(Inference and metacognition – promotes reflection on reading comprehension.)

  "I think the author is trying to show that ___ because ___."
(Encourages citing evidence and interpreting theme.)

  "At first, I thought the theme was ___, but after reading more, I realized ___."
(Promotes reflection and theme development over time.)

  "When comparing this text to ___, I noticed that both authors ___, but they differ in how they ___."
*(Supports comparative analysis of themes across texts.)

I can use TJPS, or Stick it Together to implement the discussion stems I created.

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Standard (NYS Next Gen ELA 7R3):
Analyze how particular elements of a story or drama interact (e.g., how setting shapes the characters or plot).

Higher Order Thinking Questions:

1. How does the setting influence the choices the main character makes in the story?

2. In what ways would the plot change if the story took place in a different time or place?

3. How does the author use the setting to build tension or mood in the story?

4. What connections can you make between the setting and the theme?

Step 2: Discussion Stems

What would happen if we changed one part of this story?

If we look at ___, we can see that...

Can we apply this idea to another situation?

Step 3: Discussion Protocol or Tool

Chosen Protocol:
🔹 Socratic Seminar – This would allow students to engage in rich, text-based dialogue and use the discussion stems to deepen analysis of how setting interacts with other story elements.

Alternate Tool:
🔹 Discussion Tracker – This tool can help monitor who is speaking, using stems appropriately, and building on others' ideas during the seminar.

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7R4

How does the author’s use of figurative language (such as similes or metaphors) help reveal the character’s emotions or internal conflict?

Discussion Stems:

"The author uses the metaphor ____, which shows that the character is feeling __ because..."

"This simile compares ____ to ____, suggesting that the character is struggling with..."

"The figurative language helps the reader understand that the character is dealing with..."

📗 Question 2:

In what ways do specific word choices or phrases influence the mood of a key scene, and how would changing those words affect the reader’s understanding?

Discussion Stems:

"The phrase ‘____’ creates a mood of ____ because..."

"If the author had used the word ‘’ instead of ‘,’ the scene would feel more/less..."

"The tone of this scene feels ____ due to the author’s choice of words like ____ and ____."

📙 Question 3:

How does the tone of the narrator or characters shift throughout the story, and what do these shifts suggest about changes in relationships or events?

Discussion Stems:

"At the beginning, the tone is ____, but by the end it becomes ____, which shows that..."

"The change in tone from ____ to ____ tells us that the relationship between ____ and ____ is..."

"This shift in tone reveals that the character’s perspective on ____ has changed because..."

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standard 7r5 and 7r4 questions:

How does the sequence of events from injury to first practice mirror Chris’ emotional and personal growth?

Throughout the story, Chris’ father mumbled repeatedly. What is the impact of this repeated description of the father’s speech on our understanding of his character?

What makes the moment Chris’ father calls the coach and shows up to practice a structural turning point of the story? How does it move the plot toward resolution?

Discussion stems for these:

If we look at….we can see that…

This connects to our understanding of the character because….

How does this challenge what we already know?

My evidence for this is…because….

We like the bouncing balls protocol and the discussion tracker because they’re visual and a clear and concise way to see who is engaging and if there is actual discussion happening.

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Three higher order thinking questions that focuses o n the point of view that aligns with the Next Generation Learning Standards" 7R4

Question 1:

Analyze how the author’s use of point of view contributes to the reader’s understanding of the protagonist’s development. How would the story change if told from another character’s perspective?

Question 2:

How does the author’s use of structure serve the purpose of the text? Is the text intended to inform, persuade, entertain, or provoke thought? How can the structure be seen as a tool for achieving this purpose?

Question 3:

How do the author’s choices in the sequence of events affect the cause-and-effect relationships within the story? How would a different ordering of events alter the reader’s understanding of the text’s message

Question Stems

How does the author’s choice of point of view (first person, third person, etc.) help you understand the main character’s thoughts and feelings?

What’s another example that supports this idea?

What do you think about what _______ said?

Tool/Discussion Protocol

Give one Get one

Turn and talk

Talking Chips

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Higher order thinking questions are designed to make an individual think critically about a topic or subject.

1. If Chris changed places with Jim, would Jim feel the same way as his son about being in a wheel chair?

2. Craig Kielburger is an activist for child labor. If he spends seven weeks with the children who have been forced in to dangerous labor situations, does this mean that he is an expert in this global humanitarian crisis?

3. If guilt is the culprit in Jim and Chris' in ability to communicate, why isn't Jim seeking therapy to remedy the situation?

4. Frederick Douglass wrote a letter to Harriet Tubman about the her heroic valor in leading the slaves North. Do you suppose Frederick also had some influence in her ability to overcome some of the obstacles that she met along the railway way?

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🔍 Higher-Order Thinking Questions (HOTQs)

1. What makes an argument convincing, and how can you tell if the evidence is relevant and strong?
Promotes evaluation of reasoning and evidence.

2. How would you revise an argument if your audience disagreed with your claim?
Encourages perspective-taking and strategic adaptation.

3. Can two people use the same evidence to support opposite claims? How?
Promotes analysis of how evidence is interpreted and used.

4. What is the difference between a reason and evidence, and why does it matter in argumentative writing?
Encourages conceptual clarity and synthesis.

💬 Discussion Stems

1. “One reason I think this argument is strong/weak is because…”

2. “If I were writing for a different audience, I would change ___ because…”

3. “This evidence supports the claim by showing that…”

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Question I asked ChatGPT: what are some good higher order thinking questions i can ask students that will get me a highly effective rating according to danielson 3b?

“What evidence can you find to support that idea?”

“How does this part connect to what we learned before?”

“Who can build on what [another student] said?”

“Can someone offer a different perspective?”

Discussion stems would be most useful to promote class discussion after posing these questions.

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8R4

Higher order questions:

1. How does the author's use of figurative language (e.g., metaphor, simile, personification) influence the tone or mood of the passage? Provide specific examples.

2. Choose a word or phrase from the text that has a strong connotation. How would the meaning or tone change if the author had chosen a more neutral or opposite word?

3. In what ways do the author’s specific word choices reflect their attitude or perspective toward the subject? How might different choices alter the reader’s perception?

Discussion Stems:

"The author uses [metaphor/simile/personification] when they say, ‘___,’ which makes the tone feel more ___."

"This phrase stands out because it creates an image of ____, which influences the mood by ___."

"The figurative language suggests that the author feels ___ about the subject."

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✅ Step 1: Standard & Higher-Order Thinking Questions

Standard: RL.8.4 – Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.

Text Example: "The Drummer Boy of Shiloh" by Ray Bradbury

Higher-Order Thinking Questions:

1. How does Bradbury’s use of figurative language (like “the peach blossoms fell like snow”) contribute to the tone of the story’s opening?

2. What effect does the general’s dialogue with Joby have on the way we view courage and leadership?

3. How would the story change if Bradbury had used more direct or modern language instead of poetic, descriptive phrases?

4. Why might Bradbury choose to use contrasting imagery (peaceful orchard vs. violent battle) in a story about war? What message might he be sending?

✅ Step 2: Discussion Stems

1. “I noticed that the author used the word/phrase ___, which made me think about…”

2. “The figurative language in this section creates a feeling of ___ because…”

3. “If the author had used a different word or tone here, it would have changed the meaning by…”

✅ Step 3: Discussion Protocol

Suggested Tool/Protocol from Slide 8:
👉 Socratic Seminar – This structured discussion encourages students to dive deep into the text, support their ideas with evidence, and respond thoughtfully to peers using academic discussion stems.

Why it fits:
Socratic Seminar supports close reading and text-based discussion—ideal for analyzing author choices like figurative language and tone. The questions and stems guide students to interpret language and respond with evidence, meeting the rigor of RL.8.4.

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In what ways might adjusting finger placement or hand positioning improve the efficiency of playing complex chord progressions, and how could you evaluate the effectiveness of these adjustments in practice?

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the Art Department Bingay -South - Aranya

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the Art Department Bingay -South - Aranya

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9. Some people think of O'Keeffe's work as ‘feminine’ because of her choice of subjects like flowers. Do you think this label is fair? Why or why not? How does this label affect how we see her art today?

10. O'Keeffe is called the "Mother of American Modernism." How do you think her art changed the way people thought about women in art? How might she still influence artists today?

Personal Expression:

11. O'Keeffe often painted flowers, bones, and desert landscapes, which could show her personal feelings. Do you think her art is more about her own emotions, or do you think it is meant to show something everyone can connect to?

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How do you think the daily life of a 20th-century student was different from your own, and why do you think those differences existed?

Sentence Stems:

• “I think one big difference was ___ because…”

• “Students in the 20th century probably experienced ___, which is different from today because…”

• “This makes me wonder if…”

⸻

2. Question:

If you could interview a student from the 20th century, what would you ask them, and what do you think they might say?

Sentence Stems:

• “I would ask them ___ because I want to understand…”

• “They might respond by saying ___, which shows…”

• “This helps me understand more about…”

⸻

3. Question:

How do changes in technology, like the invention of the television or computers, impact the way students learned in the 20th century compared to now?

Sentence Stems:

• “Technology affected learning by…”

• “Compared to now, students back then had to…”

• “If I were a student in the 20th century, I would feel ___ because…”

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Step One:

"How did the belief in Manifest Destiny affect both the government’s actions and Native American communities during Westward Expansion?"

"What were the effects of Westward Expansion on different groups of people, like settlers, Native Americans, and African Americans?"

"In what ways did expanding into new territories go against or challenge the U.S. values of freedom and equality?"

Step Two:

I think ___ because…

My evidence for this is…

I agree/disagree because…

Step Three:

The Bouncing Balls tool

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Step one:

1. In what ways did Westward Expansion shape the modern United States, both positively and negatively? How might history have been different if the expansion had not occurred?

2. If you were a Native American living in the West during the period of Westward Expansion, how would you have reacted to the arrival of settlers and the U.S. government’s policies? What strategies might you have used to protect your land and culture?

3. In what ways might the story of Westward Expansion be different if the U.S. had focused more on cooperation with Native American tribes rather than forced removal and conflict?

Step two:

1. Does anyone have another way of looking at this?

2. I agree/disagree because…

3. I’d like to add onto what ___ said by…

Step three:

Stick it together and bouncing balls

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Step 1:

1) Describe your daily routine in Spanish using "comer," "estudiar," and "dormir"

2)Create your weekly class schedule in Spanish.

3)Create a digital or paper presentation about yourself in Spanish

Step 2:

1)Can someone summarize what has been said so far?

2)Can we take this idea a step further?

3)I’d love to hear from someone who hasn’t spoken yet.

Step 3:

1) popsicle sticks

2) Bouncing Balls

3)TJPS

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1. How does the weather affect the activities you do during the day?

2. How are weather and temperature What weather patterns can you identify in the different seasons?

3. What do you think would be the impact of extreme climate change in your community?

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Step 1:

1)¿Prefieres el clima caliente o frío? ¿Por qué?
(Do you prefer hot or cold weather? Why?)

2)¿Qué clima es el peor para hacer actividades afuera? ¿Por qué?
(What weather is the worst for doing things outside? Why?)

3)¿Crea un pronóstico del tiempo para tres días. ¿Qué haces cada día?

Create a 3-day weather forecast. What do you do each day?

Step 2:

1) I think ___ because…

2) How does this idea connect to a real-world issue?

3) Can we take this idea a step further?

Step 3:

1) Popsicle Sticks

2) Turn and Talk

3)  Give one, get one