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An abrasion is a superficial wound caused by friction, affecting the outer skin layer. Initial care involves washing hands, cleaning the wound with water, stopping any bleeding, applying antibiotic ointment, and covering it with a sterile bandage. Post-care includes daily cleaning, keeping the wound moist, and monitoring for infection; referrals and sutures are usually unnecessary unless complications arise. Universal precautions like hand hygiene, wearing gloves, and using sterile tools help prevent contamination. Signs of infection include redness, swelling, pus, pain, warmth, foul odor, and fever in severe cases. Proper wound care minimizes infection risks and promotes healing.

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A laceration is a deep cut or tear in the skin caused by sharp objects or blunt trauma. Initial care involves washing hands, controlling bleeding by applying direct pressure, gently cleaning the wound with water, and applying an antiseptic. If the wound is deep, edges are gaping, or bleeding persists, post-care may include stitches, medical glue, or staples, along with daily dressing changes and monitoring for infection. Universal precautions such as wearing gloves, using sterile tools, and proper disposal of contaminated materials help prevent infection. Signs of infection include redness, swelling, pus, warmth, increased pain, foul odor, and fever. Seeking medical attention is necessary for deep or heavily bleeding lacerations.

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A puncture wound is a small but deep wound caused by a sharp, pointed object like a nail or needle. Initial care includes washing hands, allowing minor bleeding to flush out debris, gently cleaning the wound with water, applying an antiseptic, and covering it with a sterile bandage. Post-care involves keeping the wound clean, changing dressings regularly, and monitoring for infection; tetanus vaccination may be needed if the wound is caused by a rusty or dirty object. Universal precautions such as wearing gloves, using sterile tools, and disposing of contaminated materials properly help prevent infection. Signs of infection include redness, swelling, pus, warmth, increased pain, foul odor, and fever. Deep or contaminated puncture wounds may require medical evaluation.

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An avulsion is a severe wound where skin and underlying tissue are torn away, often caused by accidents or animal bites. Initial care involves washing hands, controlling heavy bleeding with direct pressure, rinsing the wound with clean water (if possible), and covering it with a sterile dressing. If a body part is partially or fully detached, it should be wrapped in a moist, sterile cloth and kept cool. Post-care includes seeking immediate medical attention, as avulsions often require stitches, skin grafts, or surgical intervention. Universal precautions like wearing gloves, using sterile tools, and properly disposing of contaminated materials help prevent infection. Signs of infection include redness, swelling, pus, warmth, foul odor, increased pain, and fever. Prompt medical care is essential for proper healing and to minimize complications.

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An incision is a clean, straight cut in the skin, usually caused by a sharp object like a knife or surgical instrument. Initial care includes washing hands, controlling bleeding with direct pressure, cleaning the wound with water, applying an antiseptic, and covering it with a sterile dressing. Post-care depends on the depth of the incision; deeper wounds may require stitches or surgical glue, while minor ones heal with proper dressing changes and monitoring for infection. Universal precautions such as wearing gloves, using sterile tools, and disposing of contaminated materials help prevent infection. Signs of infection include redness, swelling, pus, warmth, foul odor, increased pain, and fever. Deep or non-healing incisions should be evaluated by a medical professional.