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Health to me means being mentally, physically, spiritually, socially and emotionally healthy. I believe it is super important to have a happy and healthy life free from complications and illness.

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This standard implies that clinicians must recognise the influence of culture on healthcare decisions and choices for migrants and refugees, as well as the autonomy of migrant and refugee patients and the cultural influences on their healthcare decisions. Coming from a culturally rich background and having experienced discrimination based on my race and ethnicity in the past, I find this to be crucial, particularly in a healthcare context. Prior to this year, my comprehension of Indigenous communities was average, but I lacked knowledge of cultural respect, traditional healers, stories, and perspective. For example, I was taught to look people in the eyes when speaking, but Indigenous people found this behaviour to be disrespectful. Thanks to my Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health course this semester, I am now well-versed in cultural sensitivity and even their natural, plant-based therapeutic practises! It is so simple to learn about any culture and how to be respectful, and I believe this skill is essential for future healthcare professionals.

https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Impacts of social determinants on refugees in Australia

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Impacts of social determinants on refugees in Australia

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The social determinants of health include birthplace, residence, educational institutions, workplaces, leisure interests, religious connections, and ageing. These factors affect several health outcomes, functional capacities, quality of life, and risks. Three determinants I believe impact these individuals the most include education, social inclusion and non-discrimination and job insecurity and unemployment.

Education : Each country has their own perception of the education required to live a secure and healthy life. However Speaking English—Australia's most spoken language—is a major challenge. Without your native language, it's hard to start discussions, seek for support, and learn.

Social inclusion and non-discrimination : Migrants and refugees experience prejudice and discrimination due to their culture, skin colour, religion, and language. This harms their mental health and self-esteem. From personal experience,  I didn't understand why other students were concerned about my skin colour. I was just like them! However I always wished I had lighter skin and a less "shameful" culture.

Job insecurity and unemployment :Jobs are the main factor leading to income, going towards housing, food and water, health care, needs and wants. Again, with English not being a migrants first language, they may struggle with communication and opt for jobs with less speaking.

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Being brought up in Ireland (my hometown) and moving to Australia very young, I don't have much knowledge on my families culture. However, thanks to my fathers sweet tooth, I have plenty on the sweets/deserts! I remember being brought along to the Indian grocer as a child, and always asking for "Kaju Rolls", which is made from nuts, and it's very tasty! Unless my dad is on a mission to the grocer, we don't have it much, but me personally - I would not miss the opportunity.

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India has an estimated 1.408 billion residents living in the country. It is ranked as the seventh-largest country in terms of land area. As of June 2023, it holds the distinction of being the most populated country. India has made significant advancements in the health sector during the past few decades. The average life expectancy has surpassed 67 years, and a notable decrease in both infant and under-five mortality rates. Additionally, there has been a decline in the occurrence of diseases. Several diseases, including polio, guinea worm disease, yaws, and tetanus, have been successfully eliminated.

Narain J. P. (2016). Public Health Challenges in India: Seizing the Opportunities. Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 41(2), 85–88. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.177507

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Country focus : Yemen.
Yemen is the least fortunate country in Asia, with more than eleven million minors in need of humanitarian assistance. Numerous children lack access to safe water, sanitation, and sanitary facilities, which contributes to the recurrence of vaccine-preventable diseases such as cholera, measles, and diphtheria in the country. https://www.unicef.org/emergencies/yemen-crisis

Unfortunately, Yemen has the second-highest measles rate. The measles virus can spread throughout the body via the respiratory tract, and vaccination is the best way to avoid measles.

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae infecting the intestine.. This can result from contaminated food or water. Some infections are life-threatening, but most are benign. Antibiotics and oral or intravenous hydration are the main cholera treatments.

Diphtheria is a severe bacterial infection that inflames the nose, oesophagus, and trachea. Penicillin and erythromycin kill germs in the body, healing the illnesses.

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Hindustani and Carnatic are the two primary traditions of classical Indian music. Hindustani music is associated predominantly with the northern regions of India, whereas Carnatic music is associated primarily with the southern regions. Speaking personally, I don't listen to Indian music, and instead lean towards rap, r&b and alternative music. However my mother, on the other hand, could cite 85% of all Bollywood songs easily!

https://pressbooks.cuny.edu/apiza/chapter/chapter-4-the-music-of-india/#:~:text=Classical%20Indian%20music%20is%20divided,associated%20with%20the%20southern%20regions.

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Ayurveda is the oldest, most generally accepted, practised, and flourishing indigenous system of medicine in India. Ayurveda reduces blood pressure and cholesterol, delays the aging process, and accelerates the recovery from illness, according to studies. Numerous botanicals used in Ayurvedic medicine have antioxidant properties, meaning they may aid in the prevention of chronic conditions such as heart disease and arthritis. Other supplementary medical systems in India include Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy, Yoga, and Naturopathy.

https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/treatment/ayurveda#:~:text=Other%20studies%20have%20found%20that,as%20heart%20disease%20and%20arthritis.

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India has 22 distinct official languages and 121 languages and 270 mother dialects in total. It is also home to the oldest language in the world, Hindi. However, India has no "official" language! After independence, it became impossible to choose among the thousands of languages spoken. In addition, India is the second-largest English-speaking country in the world after the United States, with over 1 billion English speakers.

Hartley, J. (2021). Indian languages: A useful guide to all the languages spoken in India. Berlitz. https://www.berlitz.com/blog/indian-languages-spoken-list

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The enormous population of India is both diverse and religious. India is home to the majority of the world's Hindus, Jains, and Sikhs, as well as one of the largest populations of Muslims ,Christians and Buddhists. In my family- we were all born and bred Catholics. I find all religions so interesting, and the fact that everyone religious has their own beliefs on things like creation, wrongdoings, faith and personal Gods.