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Covenant is one of the most important theological ideas in biblical theology. It is reflected in the traditional labels Old and New Testaments, i.e.,

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The Adamic Covenant is the first covenant that God made with mankind. The parties involved in this covenant were God and Adam. The covenant is also sometimes called the “Covenant of Works.” The Edenic Covenant is a conditional covenant that God made with Adam in the Garden of Eden. The covenant outlines the parameters of Adam's existence in the garden of Eden.

Adam was required to obey the terms of the covenant in order to not suffer the consequences of breaking it. The heart of the Edenic Covenant is God’s command to Adam to not eat from “the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.”

The Covenant had a second part, which is often called the Covenant of Redemption. As God was informing Adam and Eve about the curses their sin had brought them, He revealed an unconditional covenant in which He promised to send a Redeemer to save mankind from the consequences of sin. Adam’s sin broke the conditional covenant with God and left humanity in a fallen state, but God would soon make a second, unconditional covenant of redemption with Adam and Eve.

The Edenic Covenant is significant because it shows man’s inability to maintain a right relationship with God even when he is in the earthly paradise that God created for him. Adam’s sin broke this conditional covenant with God and left man in a fallen state, but God would soon make a second, unconditional covenant of redemption with Adam and Eve.

The Covenant between God and Adam is one of many covenants between God and man in the Bible. It is not specifically called a "covenant" in the Bible, but most scholars see it as one of the significant covenants between man and God.

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The Noahic Covenant is a promise that God made to Noah and his descendants after the flood which destroyed the world. The covenant has several distinguishing features. First, it is an unconditional covenant. Second, it was made to Noah and all his descendants as well as “every living creature” and the earth in general. Third, it was sealed with a sign, the rainbow. The promise is based upon God’s faithfulness alone. Because of God’s faithfulness to always do what He says He will do, we can know today with certainty that there will never be another worldwide flood as there was in the days of Noah, no matter how wicked mankind becomes.

After the flood, God promised that He would never again send a worldwide flood to destroy the earth as an act of His divine judgment for sin. As a sign to remind Noah and his descendants of His covenantal promise, God “set the rainbow in the cloud.” The lesson to us is that when we see a rainbow we should always be reminded of God’s faithfulness and His amazing grace. We should also be reminded that our God is a holy and righteous God who has a holy hatred for sin and who will not allow sin to go unpunished.

God’s Covenant with Noah is an unconditional covenant because it does not depend upon anything Noah or his descendants had to do to fulfill the covenant. The covenant is based upon God’s faithfulness alone. The Noahic Covenant is a reminder of God’s grace and mercy towards humanity. It is a promise that God will never again destroy the earth with a flood. The rainbow is a sign of God’s faithfulness to keep His promises.

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The Abrahamic Covenant is a promise that God made with Abraham. The covenant is also sometimes called the “Covenant of Works.” The covenant is significant because it brings about the redemptive purpose. It does so by making a separate nation out of Abraham and his descendants, the Jewish people, through Isaac and the twelve tribes of Israel. The covenant is an unconditional covenant, meaning that it does not depend upon anything Abraham or his descendants had to do to fulfill the covenant.

God promised Abraham that he would be the father of nations, that his descendants would have a land, and that the world would be blessed through them. The covenant included the promise of land, which was a specific land, an actual property, with dimensions specified in Genesis 15:18–21. The covenant also promised many descendants. God promised that the number of Abraham’s children would rival that of “the dust of the earth” (Genesis 15:16). Nations and kings would proceed from him (Genesis 17:6).

The ultimate fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant comes in Jesus Christ, the true “offspring” of Abraham. Those who are in Christ are now also considered “Abraham’s offspring” and heirs of the covenant promises through the new covenant. The Abrahamic Covenant is a promise of hope for the Church. God distinguished Abraham from his family and his kinsmen and made a distinct people out of his descendants. This only happened because Abraham believed God, and had faith in His promises.

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The Mosaic Covenant is an agreement between God and the Israelites that was established after God saved the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. The covenant was centered around God’s giving His divine law in the form of the 'Ten Commandments' to Moses on Mount Sinai. The main features of the covenant include obedience, Israel being a "holy nation," a "kingdom of priests," and God’s special possession.

The covenant was renewed after the Israelites broke it before it was even completed. God promised to make Israel “a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.” Israel was to be God’s light to the dark world around them. They were to be a separate and distinct people, set apart for God’s purposes.

The Mosaic Covenant was about temporal prosperity, not eternal salvation. God had already “saved” his people in the exodus by bringing them to the promised land. However, the law detailed how they were to live out a life of pleasing God now that he had rescued them.

The Mosaic Covenant was named after Moses, who was chosen to lead Israel. It was a bilateral, or conditional covenant, meaning that both parties were responsible for fulfilling certain duties. God promised to abundantly bless and protect Israel if they followed the Law. The covenant was significant because in it God promises to make Israel “a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.” Israel was to be God’s light to the dark world around them. They were to be a separate and distinct people, set apart for God’s purposes.

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The Davidic Covenant is a promise that God made with King David. The covenant is significant because it brings about the redemptive purpose. It does so by making a separate nation out of David's descendants, the Jewish people, through whom the Messiah would come. The covenant is an unconditional covenant, meaning that it does not depend upon anything David or his descendants had to do to fulfill the covenant.

God promised David that one of his descendants would be King forever. This promise is fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who is a descendant of David and the King of Kings. The covenant also promised that David’s “house,” “kingdom,” and “throne” would be established forever. This shows that the Messiah will come from the lineage of David and that He will establish a kingdom from which He will reign.

The Davidic Covenant is a promise of hope for the Church. It shows that God is faithful to His promises and that He has a plan for redemption. The covenant is summarized by the words “house,” promising a dynasty in the lineage of David; “kingdom,” referring to a people who are governed by a king; “throne,” emphasizing the reign of the king. The covenant is significant because it shows that God is in control of history and that He has a plan for the redemption of His people.