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1) Close geographic location allows for migration that enables gene flow.

2) Restricted gene flow from geographic separation.

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1. They’re close so there’s a lot of gene flow

2. 2, 4, and 5 are farther away and small so there’s a larger chance for gene drift and a lower chance for alleles to be reintroduced through gene flow.

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1. gene flow

2. the populations are geographically separated so there is less gene flow. since populations 2,4,5 are small, genetic drift has a larger impact making it more likely for an allele to be lost

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1. close geographic locations

2. geographic separation

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Q1) Geographic proximity leads to gene flow between pops 1 and 3

Q2) Genetic drift via random sampling error reduces allelic diversity

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1. Gene flow (migration) due to the close proximity and the large size of population 1

2. Since the populations are smaller for populations 2, 4, and 5, they have more genetic drift, which decreases allelic diversity and could lead to inbreeding depression.

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1. Migration and gene flow

2. They are small populations so genetic drift is more severe on them. This leads to more random variation.

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1: proximity therefore greater gene flow between metapopulations

2: smaller populations are more prone to genetic drift and this could result in differences in alleles from the bigger, more stable population

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1) Gene flow could explain the similarity between the allelic diversity in populations 1 and 3.

2) Genetic drift could have affected populations 2, 4, and 5 because they have small populations in comparison to population 1, thus being more heavily affected by genetic drift.

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1 and 3 - Gene flow and migration

differences in 1,2,4,5: genetric drift is random specifially effective in smaller population

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1. They are close geographically so there is gene flow.

2. Restricted gene flow due to geographical separation.

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1) Their close proximity allows for gene flow between the groups

2) Genetic drift is stronger in smaller populations, and because populations 2, 4, and 5 are smaller and do not experience gene flow with population one, it is likely genetic drift led to a loss of diversity

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Q1: There is gene flow through these populations, as this is an allopatric divergence. A secondary hybrid zone may account for similar alleles (if they reconverge)

Q2: Restricted gene flow from separation. Sampling error with small populations

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1. Gene flow

2. Small populations become more isolated and have geographic separation, leading to restricted gene flow

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1) Migration between the two populations can result in higher genetic diversity. There is more gene flow.

2) Genetic drift in small populations can reduce the genetic diversity and variation in alleles.

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1. Since populations 1 and 3 are close to each other, they may have experienced similar natural selecting factors from their environments and may also have gene flow between one another via migration.

2. As the populations became spatially separate from one another, the smaller populations 2, 4, and 5 may have experienced genetic drift, leading to random variation from population 1.

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We would pick population 1 because it has high allelic diversity and the highest fitness. Additionally, if you removed 10 individuals from other populations, that would have drastic effects on their outcomes.

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Population 4 because it is the closest genetically to population 5. It also has a substantial population and are likely not going to be impacted by losing 10 females.

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Population 3 because there will be high allelic diversity as well as high fitness.

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We would choose to supplement with population 3 as they are under similar selective pressures (smaller is more fit), there is more allelic diversity, and population 3 is not under significant genetic drift effects.

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Population 4 because there are already 2 that came from pop 4 inside pop 5, so they would be the closest genetically related and have similar fitness.

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I would choose to bring individuals from population 1 (a) because those birds likely have the fewer deleterious alleles because they are from a big population, and because taking individuals from that population is the least harmful because it has proportionately the smallest reduction in population.

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C. Population 3

Because it has high diversity so the group would be less subject to genetic drift and the fitness of the phenotype matches

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(A) Population 1; because population 1 has better fitness, has more allelic diversity, and the larger population would allow for natural selection

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Population 3 has the greatest allelic diversity and fit small birds.

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1. population 1, because it has the greatest allelic diversity.

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C) Population 3 because we want to keep the fitness favoring a small size which matches with the fitness size of population 5. Then, of the small fitness populations, we choose population 3 because it has the highest diversity.

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Population 1 should be chosen given its relatively high population number and its higher genetic variation. By adding population 1, more diversity can be made with little effect on population 1.

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Population 4. There’s a degree of gene flow between the two populations, so there’s the most shared genetics. Population 1 is the largest so the loss of 10 females would impact them the least, but the difference in alleles could be detrimental.

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We would choose C) Population 3 to bring the females from because it has very high diversity and there is no gene flow from pop 3 to pop 5, so it will increase the gene flow to pop 5 substantially.

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we would choose to bring them from population 4 because they will have more similar diversity and higher fitness so they will breed well

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Population 1 - Bringing small chickens from 1 would be the best response to our group because its population size is so large and it has high diversity. Due to its high population size, transferring chickens would not negatively affect its population.