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War is a state of armed conflict between 2 or more countries or different groups in a country.
In war there are a total of 10 types of war that can happen in a country or outside of the country: Civil war, Religious war, Chemical warfare, Limited war, Total war, World war, Aerial war, Insurgency and Colonial war.
During war it effects everyone and everything. It mostly effects the people who live in the country that's going to war because people are forced to live in constant fear of being attacked and are forced to fight to protect their country. The environment also gets completely destroyed where the fighting actually happens.
Examples of war:
World war 1
World war 2
Vietnam war
Korean war
Cold war
War in Afghanistan
Gulf war

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A conflict is a struggle and a clash of interest, opinion or even principles.
For different types of Conflicts there are 7:
1-Person vs self
2-Person vs person
3-Person vs society
4-Person vs nature
5-Person vs machine/ technology
6-Person vs supernatural being
7-Person vs destiny
The people who are affected by Conflicts are the person who has started the conflict or the other party who is involved in the conflict.
Examples of Conflicts:
-Ukraine vs Russia
- Palestine vs Israel
-Day by Day Conflict

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The definition of a threat is a communication to inflict harm or loss on another person. Intimidation is a type of threat that is used the most since some people don't realise they naturally intimidate others. Normally the person who is affected is the person who it's aimed at.

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Terrorism is the use of intentional violence and fear to achieve political or ideological aims. Terrorism can affect the Uk majorly since depending on the level of danger the threat could be. It can destroy the Uk or greatly endanger the people. Types of terrorism: Jihadist terrorism, Ethno-nationalist and separatist terrorism, Left-wing and anarchist terrorism, Right-wing terrorism, Single-issue terrorism.

The Uk security has a ranking system were they determine what level and how potentially dangerous the attack could be and so they could prepare enough to handle the level of danger. the levels range from 1-5 with 1 being the least dangerous and 5 being the most dangerous.

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Weapons of Mass Destruction is is a biological, chemical, radiological, nuclear, or any other weapon that can kill or significantly harm many people or cause great damage to artificial structures, natural structures, or the biosphere.

There are 3 main types of weapons:

Nuclear, Biological and Chemical

No matter which on the 3 weapons are used it will majorly affect everything were it has been used on since Nuclear affects everything and destroys anything it touches and makes it unliveable where it's been used and makes everything radioactive.

An Example of a Nuclear Weapons:

Hiroshima got hit by a nuclear bomb sent by USA were 120,000 - 230,000.

If the UK were to be hit by a big enough Nuclear bomb then it could potentially wipe out quite a bit of the Uk and destroy most of the enviroment.

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Espionage is the practice of spying or of using spies, typically by governments to obtain political and military information. There are a few types of espionage. These are: Cyber espionage, Nuclear espionage, Military intelligence.

Espionage can affect any country depending on what information has been stolen this could be anything from military secrets that expose the military or they could find bad information on politicians and black mall them into doing things for them. An example of a spy being caught in the UK in 1914 during World War 1 and was the first person to be executed in the tower of London in 150 years.

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Instability and Conflict Overseas is things that can happen or are already happening in other countries that cause major problems in the country it's happening in. An example of this happening is the Ukraine and Russia war where Russia is trying to take Ukraine's land. If something like this would have happened in the UK then the security of the UK would be improved instantly and we would get help from any of the countries allied with the UK.

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Serious and organised crime is when groups of people plan and co-ordinate a network of crimes to acquire money, status and power. An example of a serious organised crime is the organisation that was ran by Pablo Escobar where they controlled Columbia and made an estimated $30 billion while alive. This sort of import and export would seriously damage not only the security but also the economy of the UK and would increase the crime rate massively.

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General threats and risks are things that could possibly develop into problem that would affect a country this could be anything from crime rate all around the country increase.

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The impacts that could occur due to security fail can range from a small problem to something that can change how the entire UK operate around certain things. An example of this is the Manchester bombing were the security was bad and they didn't check bags properly and a bomb got into the concert so now if you want to enter any type of arena you have to go through metal detectors and get any bags searched, no outside liquid allowed and they also have dogs in case. Another impact that could occur due to a failure is if the boarders aren't secure enough then people would be able to sneak more contraband would be snook in =to the country.

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Impacts of Security- Failures to the UPS

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Impacts of Security- Failures to the UPS

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One of the impacts that could happen if security isn't kept is that people could start to lose trust with certain service since the things they're doing isn't right. An example of where this has happened is in the US were George Floyd was killed by the police and people lost trust with the police. The result of the lost in trust people had started to protest against the police and the protests turned into riots and business and cars were destroyed since nothing was being done about the justice. Another impact of this happening is that some people would think they can get away with more crime since they could use protests as a distraction and start looting so more things would be stole and more things would be damaged.

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Services Responsible- reducing and managing security threats

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Services Responsible- reducing and managing security threats

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MI5 is the Security Service and is the UK domestic counter-intelligence and security agency. The main job of the MI5 is to protect the UK from threats of terrorism, espionage and threats made by agents of foreign powers. MI5 was created before World War 1 a played a big job in gathering information and stopping any spies that got into the country. The MI5 only works in the UK and there is another service that deals with things overseas they are MI6.

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The UK secret intelligence service or the SIS they also go by another name the MI6. MI6 work secretly around the world to make the UK safer and more prosperous. For over 100 years SIS has ensured the UK and our allies keep one step ahead of our adversaries. The MI6 are creative and determined - using cutting-edge technology and espionage. The main focus of the service is stopping terrorism, disrupting the activity of hostile states, and giving the UK a cyber advantage. The MI6 work with the MI5, GCHQ, HM Armed Forces, law enforcement and a range of other international partners.

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The GCHQ is a world-leading intelligence, cyber and security agency with a mission to keep the UK safe. They use cutting-edge technology, technical ingenuity and wide-ranging partnerships to identify, analyse and disrupt threats to the UK. Their main areas that they work to do are counter terrorism, Cyber Security, Strategic advantage, serious and organised crime and supporting defence personnel.

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Strategies Employed To Manage Security Threats 

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Strategies Employed To Manage Security Threats 

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When it comes to defending against security threats there are two ways Directed and intrusive surveillance. Directed Surveillance involves the covert monitoring of targets movements, conversations and other activities. This work is carried out by highly skilled specialist surveillance officers who may work in vehicles, on foot or from fixed observation posts. Intrusive surveillance involves the covert monitoring of targets, using an eavesdropping device for example, on residential premises or within a private vehicle. Due to their invasive nature, the use of such methods is subject to a strict control and oversight regime.

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The purpose of Prevent is to stop people from becoming drawn into or supporting terrorism. This includes countering terrorist ideology and challenging those who promote it; supporting individuals who are especially vulnerable to becoming radicalized.

Some ways that the government can help to prevent crime could be spreading more information about certain things that people could fall for like how to know if an email is real or fake this would be helpful for older people since they are the people who are mostly likely to be affected by the crime. Another way is using camera and monitoring people who are suspected to be connected to crime. Another way is having the police patrol in areas which have a higher rate of crime to stop people from committing crime.

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CONTEST is the name of the UK's Counter-Terrorism Strategy. Contest is split into four work streams that are known within the counter-terrorism community as the four p's: Prevent, Pursue, Protect, and Prepare.

Prevent: The purpose of Prevent is to stop people from becoming drawn into or supporting terrorism.

Pursue: The purpose of Pursue is to stop terrorist attacks by detecting, prosecuting and otherwise disrupting those who plot to carry out attacks against the UK.

Protect: The purpose of Protect is to strengthen protection against a terrorist attack in the UK or against its interests overseas and so reduce their vulnerability.

Prepare: The purpose of Prepare is to mitigate the impact of a terrorist attack where that attack cannot be stopped.

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To help manage the physical environment in a prison a lot of security measures need to be in. Outside fencing is good for stopping the access and exit of people on a compound, base or facility. It can be used in a variety of ways. It is often the first line of defence for a facility but a big defect is that it can be easily beaten by a vehicle or people with weapons. Another good one is lighting for a prison so no one is able to hide themselves in the dark and try to escape but one bad thing about this is it can only light a certain place for a certain time before it has to move to next place so people could get pass them. Another good one is having locked doors. The locked doors would be good for keeping people in a specific area but depending on how advance the lock is it could be broken.

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Threats from terrorism could be both physical and also cyber threats. The Uk rank terrorism threats in 5 ranks:

LOW means an attack is highly unlikely.

MODERATE means an attack is possible, but not likely.

SUBSTANTIAL means an attack is likely.

SEVERE means an attack is highly likely.

CRITICAL means an attack is highly likely in the near future.

Physical threats could be anything from attacking a UK ship or one of their allies to bombing a country. A cyber threat could be gaining secret information and blackmailing some one for money.

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Different factors can affect terrorism, like when they launch attack. They will often do attacks at places that have large numbers of people around the area so they kill or injure more people. Examples of this would be the Manchester arena attack and the Paris attack, two places that were highly populated at the time.

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There are quite a lot of different terrorist groups. For example, Isis, Al Qaeda, Taliban and Hamas. All of these groups have very strong views and beliefs. They all use a range of different people for their plans. Some of these are old people, children and use radicalization to get these people to believe the views they want them to. Some of the big attacks they have done is Isis who did 911.

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Terrorists use different methods, like bombings and kidnappings, to create fear and achieve their goals.Their extreme views will be put into practice and attempt to brainwash people into believing it is right. An example of this is normally suicide bombers were brainwashed to think what they are doing would get them into heaven.

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During 2021 there were over 8,000 terrorist attacks worldwide, and nearly 24,000 fatalities from terrorism. This shows how dangerous and severe terrorist attacks really are. Bombings are the most frequent type of attack and the region of the world which is most affected by terrorism is the middle east, north Africa and south asia.

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Terrorism in the media is potentially exaggerated and made to look even worse, this is so it puts an element of fear into us and shows us why we want anything this is a tatic use by most country called scaremongering. The media will also exaggerate and use a terrorist attack to gain more views

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Terrorism has continued over the last 20 years and has become even worse. How ever in the last 20 years the way that countries have to try and deal with terrorist attacks has massively change due to in new technology that is being created every year and because there are so many different way it can happen it has been more difficult to stop a lot of attacks.

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The aim of the UK counter terrorism strategy is to reduce the risks of terrorist attacks occurring in the UK, so people can go about their lives freely and not have to worry about an attack occurring. One way they do is by prevent radicalization and support individuals at risk. They are also commitment to being prepared for effective responses in case of any attack that could occure.

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An example of counter-terrorism legislation in the UK is the Terrorism Act 2000. This law grants the powers to arrest, detain, and search individuals suspected of terrorism. This would apply to anyone who is suspected of buying things for an attack or trying to plan one.

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The approach to tackling terrorism in the UK involves a range of strategies aimed at making sure that the safety of the nation. Intelligence gathering plays a massive part in ensuring that safety is kept. services pratice operations to apprehend those involved in terrorism, disrupt planned attacks, and dismantle supportive networks and Modern technology is used to be able to moitor and keep an eye on potential suspects

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United Nations Counter Terrorism Implementation Task Force

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United Nations Counter Terrorism Implementation Task Force

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The United Nations Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force is a team of UN agencies that helps countries around the world deal with terrorism. It helps provide support and knowledge to improve how nations prevent and respond to terrorism.

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Europol is the the police service for all of europe. They were founded in 1995 and the headquarters for the organisation is in the Netherlands. Their roles and responsibilities are to support and strengthen the law enforcement activities of the EU. They help EU counties to combat different forms of serious crime.

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Interpol stands for the International criminal police. Its role is to bring police forces together from different countries to help one another to solve potentail crime that may span over to a different amount of countries. It allows other countries to work closely with other EU countries, sharing intelligence and expertise to combat transnational crimes, including terrorism.

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The UK visas and immigration agency is responsible for managing the visa process for people who want to visit, work or settle in the Uk. The UK visa and immigration agency is a vital part of UK security, background checks and other checks are thoroughly completed so we know that we aren’t letting in any dangerous and harmful people.

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Border agency ensure that the flow of people and goods. It also prevents any sort of illegals immigration, smuggling and other criminal activities. Some responsibilities of the border agency are checking the immigration status of people leaving or entering the UK.

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The National Crime Agency is a specialized law enforcement unit in the UK, formed in 2013 to combat serious and organized crime that exceeds the capacities of local police service these normally are any sort of human trafficing, kidnappings and any crime commited online.

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The National Cyber Security Centre is a UK government agency created in 2016 to boost the country's cybersecurity defences. It is also a part of the Government Communications Headquarters, the NCSC collaborates with government departments, law enforcement, and the private sector to help stop any threats or crime being commited online.

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Supporting Statutory Protective Services (NHS, Ambulance service, Highways England, Maritime and Coastguard)

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Supporting Statutory Protective Services (NHS, Ambulance service, Highways England, Maritime and Coastguard)

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The NHS plays a vital role in providing healthcare and emergency medical response. The Ambulance Service is dedicated to delivering timely and effective emergency medical services, including responding to accidents and transporting patients. Highways England focuses on the safety and efficiency of the road network and the flow of traffic and the maritime and coastguard focus on patrol the coast of the UK and helping boats that could be sinking or helping find anyone lost at sea.