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Before the WW1, Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire

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Iraq was administered by Britain as a League of Nations mandate.

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Iraq became an independent kingdom

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Saddam Hussein was born in Al Ouija, Tikrit, Iraq

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treaty that favored Iraq

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Saddam's uncle spent time in prison for joining an attempt to get the British out of Iraq.

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Prime Minister Mussadeq nationalizes Iran’s oil industry, causing tensions with British control.

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Shah Pahlavi, aided by the CIA and MI6, overthrows Mussadeq in a coup, aligning his rule with Western interests.

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Shah consolidates power by appointing loyalists to key positions, rendering political parties symbolic.

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Saddam and his uncle moved to Baghdad and Saddam attended to harkn High school

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Saddam joined the Baath Party. This involved him in a variety of violent anti-government activities.

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SAVAK, the secret police, formed with external assistance, grows to 5,000 agents and becomes notorious for brutal tactics.

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The Hashemite monarchy was overthrown by General Abdul Karim Qassem

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Saddam demonstrated his loyalty to Khairallah by carrying out an assassination of a local government official in Tikrit.

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There was an attempt to assassinate Iraq's ruler, General Abdul Karim Qassem, it failed.

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Saddam graduated from high school

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Saddam had a law degree

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Qassem was deposed by the Baath Party and military offices.

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Reza Khan starts modernization; Shah Muhammad Reza's "White Revolution" begins in 1963.

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Saddam was rewarded for his loyalty by becoming a member of the Regional Command

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Saddam began plotting a coup against President Arif (the conspiracy plans were uncovered and he spent two years in jail before escaping in 1966)

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President Arif was overthrown by the Baath Party and certain members of the previous regime.

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After escaping arrest, Saddam Hussein focused on restructuring the Baath Party in Iraq, strengthening security forces, forming a new military, and expanding party branches. To overthrow the Arif regime, he collaborated with sympathetic senior army officers. In a bloodless coup, President Arif was ousted, and Bakr became the president, with Saddam appointed as Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC). Saddam later ensured the removal of two colonels who posed a threat, solidifying his prominent role in government after Bakr's presidency.

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Shah of Iran rejects the treaty made in 1937 that favored Iraq

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Saddam had shown that he was and extremely adept politician, both with regard to foreign and domestic issues

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Saddam avoids a full-scale war, acknowledging Iran's formidable army.

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Iran and Iraq were the main contenders for regional leadership, with financial and military resources.

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Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the Soviet Union, insuring that Iraq had a superpower ally

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- Widespread opposition to the Shah among various groups.

- Shared objective: overthrow the Pahlavi monarchy.

- Shah loses support from different segments of society.

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Massive military expansion with the largest navy, air force, and fifth-largest army globally. Funded by soaring oil revenues, but the majority experiences limited improvements in living standards.

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Shah establishes the Resurgence Party, triggering opposition through anti-profiteering campaigns and attacks on the clerical establishment.

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- Skirmishes and minor battles lead to Saddam Hussein signing the Algiers Agreement, normalizing relations with Iran.

- Iraq drops claims on Khuzestan and concedes the border along the Shatt al-Arab to follow the deep waterline.

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Income inequality grows; rich and poor living conditions in Tehran highlight the disparity. Conspicuous consumption instances, including a multimillion-dollar coronation and Shahyad Monument construction.

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Purchase of the Osiraq research reactor from France.

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Shah, facing international criticism, relaxes police controls, releases political prisoners, and allows Red Cross access. Concessions inadvertently boost opposition, leading to a surge in protests with increased visibility and vocal dissent.

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Shah’s rule marked by protests, strikes, and clashes, culminating in a mass rally in Tehran

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Black Friday - Troops open fire on demonstrators in Tehran, resulting in 84 deaths.

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Over two million people in Tehran demand an Islamic Republic, Khomeini’s return, and the Shah’s overthrow.

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Saddam Hussein became President.

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Saddam introduces a modernization program and builds a chemical warfare plant near Akashat.

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Construction of the first chemical warfare plant near Akashat.

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February 1: Khomeini lands in Tehran after the Shah's departure.

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Egypt's expulsion from the Arab League

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- Khomeini calls for Iraqi Shiites to overthrow the Baath regime, leading to anti-Baath riots.

- Shiite militants initiate an assassination program against Baath officials.

- Saddam, viewing Khomeini’s actions as a threat, opts for an offensive strategy.

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Shortly before invading Iran in September, Saddam renounces the Algiers Agreement, determined to regain lost ground.

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Social spending takes back a seat to military demands due to Iraq's involvement in war

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Saddam made campaigns against the Kurds (many villages were destroyed and thousands were killed)

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Iraq invades western Iran, sparking an eight-year war with devastating consequences for the region.

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Iraq becomes a major military power with significant conventional arms imports from Soviet Russia, France, and other European states.

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Destruction of the Osiraq reactor by Israeli bombing raids.

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Saddam aims to build a non-conventional weapons arsenal - chemical, biological, and nuclear.

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Production of chemical agents like Distilled Mustard, Tabun, and Vx.

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Development of biological weapons industry producing anthrax, typhoid, and others.

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Frustration of attempts to develop a nuclear capacity due to Allied bombing raids.

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Ceasefire occurs, influenced by Iraq’s military advantage gained through Western assistance.