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The Israeli-Palestinian conflict explained | CBC Kids News

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A surprise, coordinated assault on Israel by Palestinian militant group Hamas - one of the deadliest and most brazen attacks in years - and the Israeli siege and strikes on Gaza that followed, brought renewed attention to an old and continuing problem: the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that has vexed the Middle East for decades.

The roots of the conflict and mistrust are deep and complex, predating the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. Both Palestinians and Israelis see the territory between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea as their own, and Christians, Jews and Muslims all hold parts of the land as sacred. The past seven decades have brought war, uprisings and, at times, glimmers of hope for compromise. Here is a timeline beginning around 1948,including the latest violence in the Gaza Strip:

World War I: The question of Palestine
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The Ottoman Empire had controlled that part of the Middle East from the early 16th century until control of most of the region was granted to the British after World War I.

Both Israelis and Palestinians were struggling for self-determination and sovereignty over the territory, developing respective movements for their causes.

As World War I began, several controversial diplomatic efforts - some contradicting each other - by the Great Powers tried to shape the map of the modern Middle East, including the Palestinian territories. Palestinians cite a series of letters in 1915 to 1916 between Mecca's emir and the British high commissioner in Egypt, known as the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence, as outlining a promise of an independent Arab state.

In 1916, the Sykes-Picot Agreement secretly negotiated between Britain and France planned to carve up the Middle East into spheres of influence, and determined that the land in question was to be internationalized.

In 1917, Britain's foreign secretary, Lord Arthur Balfour, expressed his government's support for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people" in a letter to Baron Walter Rothschild, the head of the British wing of the influential European Jewish banking family.

To Israelis, the missive marks a formal utterance of the Israeli state's right to exist; to Palestinians, it was an early sign of their dispossession. The declaration also noted that it was "clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine," nodding to the overwhelming majority Arab population in the region at the time. (About 90 percentof the population was Muslim in 1850, and about 80 percent in 1914.)

Large-scale Jewish immigration followed in succeeding decades, including during Nazi persecution and the Holocaust. Both sides continued to assert their right to establish a state.

1948: Israel declares independence
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After World War II, nearingthe end of the British Mandate for Palestine, the United Nations General Assembly in 1947 passes Resolution 181, urging the partition of the land into two independent states - one Arab and one Jewish. Religiously significant Jerusalem is to be under special international administration. The plan is not implemented after the Arab side rejects it, arguing that it is unfavorable to their majority population. Violence in the regional conflict grows.

Israel declares independence in May 1948. The next day, a coalition of Arab states, allied with Palestinian factions, attack Israeli forces in what becomes the first of several Arab-Israeli wars. In the end, Israel gains control of an even larger portion of territory - not including the areas of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. An estimated 700,000 Palestinians flee or are driven from their land in what Palestinians refer to as the "Nakba," or "catastrophe" in Arabic.

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In June of 1967, a war known as the "Six-Day War" or the 1967 Arab-Israeli War breaks out amid lingering conflicts, including Egypt's continued blockade of shipping into the Gulf of Aqaba. Israeli warplanes strikeEgyptian airfields, and Israeli ground forces enter the Sinai Peninsula. Jordan joins the fighting alongside Egypt, but Israeli forces have the upper hand after nearly wiping out Egypt's air power. Israel takes control of the Gaza Strip, Sinai, the West Bank, the Golan Heights and predominantly Palestinian East Jerusalem.The Arab armies suffer massive losses.

September 1972: Munich Olympics attack
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At the 1972 Munich Summer Olympics, a group of Palestinian extremists from the Black September group raid the Olympic Village dorm where Israeli athletes are housed. They kill two athletes and take nine others as hostages, all of whom are killed soon after.

October 1973: Yom Kippur War
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A coalition of Arab nations, led by Egypt and Syria, launches a surprise, coordinatedattack on Israel on Yom Kippur, a Jewish holy day. The Arab forces initially gain ground but are driven back by an Israeli counteroffensive aided by supplies from allies, including the United States. Both sides see heavy death tolls.

1995: Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin assassinated
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On Nov. 4, 1995, Yitzhak Rabin, 73, the fifth prime minister of Israel, is fatally shot in the back by a right-wing Jewish extremist who aimed to derail the peace process with Palestinians. Rabin was departing a peace rally attended by more than 100,000 in Tel Aviv.

The shooter, Yigal Amir, who was in his 20s, opposed the Oslo accords on religious grounds, telling police that he acted on the "orders of God" to stop holy land from being handed to Palestinians. He has never expressed regret for the killing and is serving a life sentence.

2006: Hamas elected in Gaza
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Israel withdraws its troops from Gaza in 2005.The Palestinian militant group Hamas wins legislative elections the next year, leading to political strains with the more moderate Fatah party controlling the West Bank.

After Hamas's 2007 takeover of the Gaza Strip, Israel imposes a 16-year blockade on the small, overcrowded Palestinian enclave that is home to 2 million Palestinians. Limiting the mobility of goods and people in and out of the territory, Israel has deepened Gaza's humanitarian crisis, the United Nations says. Most Gazans live in refugee camps and rely on U.N. rations.

The West Bank, home to 3 million Palestinians - and more than a half-million Jews living in settlements deemed illegal under international law - is occupied by Israel and subject to its military administration.

Several rights groups have said Israel's regime over Palestinians amounts to "apartheid."

In a 2022 report, Amnesty International said it analyzed "Israel's intent to create and maintain a system of oppression and domination over Palestinians," including through "territorial fragmentation; segregation and control; dispossession of land and property; and denial of economic and social rights." The group concluded: "This is apartheid."

November 2012: Israel kills Hamas military chief
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Israel kills Hamas military chief Ahmed Jabari, touching off more than a week of rocket fire from Gaza and Israeli airstrikes. At least 150 Palestinians and six Israelis are killed.

Spring 2022: String of terrorist attacks in Israel
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A spate of violence on Israelis by Palestinians leaves 14 Israelis dead in a handful of attacks between March 22 and April 8. In response, Israel clamps down on militants and activists, and launches the "Break the Wave" military operation in the West Bank, which makes 2022 a particularly deadly year.

Israeli forces kill 146 Palestinians in the West Bank in 2022, a death toll higher than in any other year since the United Nations began keeping records in 2005. Israel's Foreign Ministry says Palestinians killed 29 Israelis that year.

December 2022: Netanyahu sworn in for sixth term
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Benjamin Netanyahu is sworn in again as Israeli prime minister, after winning an election that gives him his sixth term and elevates a once-fringe bloc of far-right politicians into powerful seats. He cobbles together the most far-right government in Israeli history, which critics say has begun to crush any prospect of a two-state solution.

It's also the most pro-settler government, with some members encouraging an expansion in settlement activity in occupied Palestinian territories. Settler violence against Palestinian civilians, with settlers emboldened by the government, surges too.

Summer 2023: Retaliatory attacks flare
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Tit-for-tat attacks flare.

Israel launches surprise airstrikes across the Gaza Strip in May, killing three top militants and 10 others, including women and children, health officials say. That sets up a five-day bout of violence that kills at least 33 people in Gaza and two in Israel.

On June 19, Israeli forces raid Jenin, deploying helicopter gunships to the West Bank for the first time since the second intifada.

The next day, two Hamas gunmen open fire at a hummus restaurant at an Israeli settlement, killing four Israelis.

Hundreds of Israeli settlers then rampage through Palestinian villages, torching homes and cars, and shooting at residents, according to local officials. Israel also carries out its first drone strike in the West Bank since 2006, killing three suspected militants.

In July, Israel stages an air and ground attack with 1,000 soldiers backed by drone strikes against a refugee camp inside Jenin, killing 12 people. The operation marks the start of an "extensive counterterrorism effort" that the Israel Defense Forces says will continue indefinitely.

October 2023: Israel says it's 'at war' after Hamas attack
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Netanyahu formally declares war on Hamas on Oct. 8 following a surprise assault by Hamas militants that came a day after the 50th anniversary of the start of the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Israel says at least 1,400 Israelis were killed in the surprise attacks on Oct. 7 that saw gunmen hunting down Israeli civilians in their homes around border areas.

Israel responds with major airstrikes in Gaza that Gaza's Health Ministry says have killed more than 10,000 Palestinians.

Claire Parker, Steve Hendrix, Shira Rubin, and Hazem Balousha contributed to this report.

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The Israeli-Palestinian conflict: A chronology

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A wave of attacks by Palestinian militants on Israel, and Israel's declaration of war against Hamas, has brought new attention to an old problem.

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After watching the videos and/or reading the articles, create a new post to add your questions, comments, or connections below. These will be collected, answered, and shared out at a later date.

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The Israel-Palestine conflict: a brief, simple history

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Here is a timeline of the clashes between Palestinian militants and Israel.

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The relentless and deadly conflict has persisted for decades.

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The origins of the Hamas-Israel war explained | ABC News

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What made the conflict between Israel and Palestine?

Why was it important for them to have a war?

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https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/14/gaza-israels-open-air-prison-15

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international relations and national security

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Netanyahu says Israel is 'at war' after Hamas launches surprise air and ground attack from Gaza | CNN

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Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared that the country was "at war" on Saturday, after Palestinian militants in Gaza fired a deadly barrage of rockets and sent gunmen into Israeli territory in a major escalation of the long running conflict between the two sides.

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What I learned about the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is that it dated back from the nineteenth century. Also that on May 14, 1948 the state of Israel was created.

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For 70 years Palestine and Israel  have been fighting which has caused a lot of political bias. For example, isreali settlements and the situation with the refugees, as well as conflict throughout history.

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for 70 years israel and palestine have been fighting over land because of religious beliefs 