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The Barn Owl (Tyto alba) is one of the most easily recognized owls in the world, thanks to its heart-shaped, white face and pale feathers. Barn owls live all over the world in open habitats such as grasslands, deserts, farms, and marshes. They usually avoid dense forests and very high mountains. They do best in areas from warm tropical regions to cooler temperate regions. They build nests in sheltered places like tree hollows, caves, and human structures such as barns. Their habitat needs to include wide open spaces for hunting and a strong population of small animals for them to hunt.

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The Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) is one of the largest and most powerful owls in North America. They are highly adaptable, allowing them to occupy a vast range of biomes across the Americas, including deciduous/coniferous forests, tropical rainforests, prairies, deserts, wetlands, and subarctic tundra edges. They are found from the Arctic to South America, thriving in semi-open habitats, including urban parks and suburbs. Its name comes from the tufts of feathers on its head that look like horns (they’re not ears!). It has a deep, echoing hoot that’s often heard at night.

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Image shows a shrew, which is a prey of the Barn Owl

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Barn Owls mainly eat small mammals such as mice, voles, shrews, and rats. They are excellent hunters with super-sensitive hearing, helped by their flat, disc-shaped face that funnels sound to their ears. They can even catch prey in total darkness just by listening. Barn Owls swallow their prey whole and later cough up a pellet that contains the bones and fur.

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The Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) has a primary biome of the Arctic tundra. They thrive in this harsh, open habitat characterized by permafrost, mosses, and lichens. While most owls are nocturnal, Snowy Owls are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day (especially in the summer when there’s constant daylight in the Arctic). In the winter, some Snowy Owls migrate south into Canada and the northern United States, sometimes as far as Pennsylvania.

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This owl eats a huge variety of prey. They are known as opportunistic carnivores with a highly diverse diet. Great Horned Owls frequently eat mammals (rabbits, hares, mice, voles, skunks), various birds (hawks, geese, other owls), reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates. Known as "tigers of the night," they possess strong talons allowing them to carry prey several times their weight and also help them crush the bones of their prey.

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Image shows a lemming, which is a prey of the Snowy Owl

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Snowy Owls feed mainly on lemmings and other small rodents, consuming 3-5 daily. During winter, they diversify their diet to include small mammals like rabbits, voles, and squirrels, along with birds such as gulls, ducks, and ptarmigans. They hunt by waiting patiently and catching prey with talons. They are powerful hunters with excellent eyesight and hearing, and they often perch on open ground or low posts to spot their prey.

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Nocturnal hunters, such as the Barn Owl, have special adaptations that help them find and catch prey in the dark. Their feathers are designed for very quiet flight, so they can sneak up on animals without being heard. They also have a heart-shaped face that helps collect and direct sound to their ears. This gives them excellent hearing. Their ears are also slightly unevenly placed, or are asymmetrical. This placement helps them figure out exactly where a sound is coming from. In addition, they have large eyes that work well in low light and strong, sharp talons for grabbing and holding onto prey.

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One adaptation of the Great Horned Owl is its ability to rotate its head up to 270 degrees (almost all the way around) because its eyes can’t move in their sockets. It is also known for nesting early in the year, sometimes laying eggs in the middle of winter. These owls often reuse old nests built by hawks, crows, or squirrels. Great horned owls are nocturnal predators capable of silent flight due to fringed feathers. They have immense grip strength in their talons that helps them to break prey bones. They also have specialized hearing as a result of asymmetrical ear openings.

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Snowy owls are highly adapted to the Arctic tundra. Their thick feathers help keep them warm in freezing temperatures, and their white coloring provides camouflage against the snow. Males tend to be whiter, while females and younger owls have more black or brown speckles. Snowy Owls are also known for defending their nests very fiercely, even against wolves. Their exceptional, forward-facing eyes help them hunt in high-glare, 24-hour daylight. They are also diurnal, nomadic hunters with acute, silent hearing capable of detecting prey beneath snow.