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The Punic wars was a three battle series with Rome and Carthage. Rome won all three battles against Carthage. As a result Carthage was destroyed and conquered. This also led to Rome having full control of the Mediterranean Sea.

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Julius Caesar was assassinated by the roman senators because they feared his power was going to overcome them. After he died it was the end of the Roman republic. This also paved the way for the Roman Empire

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27 BCE Octavian Caesar becomes 1st Emperor

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27 BCE Octavian Caesar becomes 1st Emperor

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Octavian Caesar was the first Roman Emperor. He ended years of civil war and established central power. He also was Augustus later on in his life.

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27 BCE Octavian Caesar becomes 1st Emperor

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The Pax Romana was 200 year span of peace in the Roman empire. It allowed for economic growth and expansion for the empire. It was first started under Augustus rule then followed by many emperors.

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The western Roman empire fell because of poor decisions of the last Roman empire. Which led to the Germanic invaders to invade all of western empire. While the Eastern Roman empire became Byzantine and thrived for many more years.

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Ruled the Byzantine empire during its prime time. Known for codifying Roman Law into his own. He is also responsible for the building Hagia Sophia.

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The Islamic Schism began after the assassination of Caliph Uthman. This cause the division of Islam into two branches Sunni and Shia.

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7-8th century: Three expansions of Islamic Empires

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7-8th century: Three expansions of Islamic Empires

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Islam was spreading rapidly across North Africa, Middle east, and parts of Europe. This spread of Islam brought new culture developments. Also scientific and economic developments.

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The kingdom of Ghana emerged in west Africa. It was a powerful empire with its salt and gold trade routes. The empire had trade through Northern African Muslim merchants.

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732 CE Muslim Armies Defeated at the Battle of Tours

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732 CE Muslim Armies Defeated at the Battle of Tours

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Frankish forces went to war against Muslim Armies in western Europe. Considered the turning point of European history. It helped preserve Christianity.

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The Great schism divided the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox church. It was caused by religious and political reasons. It was also caused by cultural differences.

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The mali empire rose under Sundiata Keita. It later became the center of Islamic learning and trade. Had control over the trans-Saharan trade routes.

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The Mongols sacked Baghdad ending the Islamic Golden age. It was one of the most devastating invasions in Islamic history. It led to countless books and cultural treasures being destroyed.

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Mansa Musa was the ruler of Mali. Was most famous for his pilgrimage to mecca. During his reign he boosted Mails global reputation.

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The Songhai Empire succeeded Mal as another West African empire. Under leaders like Sunni Ali and Askia Muhammad. It had control over major trade routes.

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The Byzantine empire fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. This marked as the end of the Byzantine of empire. It started the rise of the Ottoman empire.