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The life of a outer class party member is living under constant watch and being the most controlled group in the Oceania. Winston and julia are apart of this group. Orwell's tone towards this group is very harsh about their lifestyle but has a understanding of how and what they have to go through. He shows how they get watched through the telescreens and how they can not commit and crimes against the party but also shows how they are oppressed in the society they life in

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I believe that the economic equality within this book so far is the primary factor encouraging Winston's drive to rebel against the party. The party excels in rewriting the past without any ordinary person questioning them. They have a larger amount of power towards other people like Winston even though his job is to also help rewrite the past. He still does what he is told to do even though he does not agree with it. He would rebel more drastically if he new that the consequences wouldn't be so detrimental.

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1984 can be seen as an exaggerated prophecy for the future. The constant emphasize on surveillance hints to the idea that if we allow ideas that threaten ones value they will no longer be our own.

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The proles seem to have accepted their situation however winston continues to reiterate that they are the best option for a rebellion

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We know that the proles are treated like outcasts in Oceania, their opinions don't make a difference in the way the party operates unlike the inner and outer parties. So far we haven't met anyone apart of prole society but we see the proles are almost used as entertainment and they don't get many things the other parties do to prevent them from gaining knowledge. Orwell's tone towards the proles is very much disgusted and almost dehumanizing, when he describes the proles he doesn't use the most acceptable word choice.

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They live in relative differences but possess a freedom of thought and emotion the Outer Party lacks. They are not under constant surveillance because the Party views them as sub-human.

The prole woman singing and hanging laundry in the courtyard. She represents the "immortal" vitality of the lower class and Winston's hope for a future revolution.

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1984 is meant as a warning, acting as a prophecy for the future. Orwell is warning us for how easy the government can get blinded in power. Acting out in heavy control and ruining peoples freedoms. An example from the text is when Winston and Julia have to hide in secret from the government. Doing things to hide from the telescreen because of how controlling the government got and continues to get. These simple acts done by our characters in the book is due to the lack of freedom they have. Warning the society how selfish the government may get, resulting in complete control and dehumanization.

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Julia's form of rebellion is very risky and she doesn't realize because she doesn't care. When she first met with Winston, she told him that she had slept with scores of men. Typically, this would be major turn-off for any partner, but Winston says that makes him love her more. Having sex with lots of people from different social classes, in this book nonetheless, isn't safe. Julia doesn't seem to care because she uses her sexuality as a form of rebellion, and rebellion always comes with risks.

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The glass paperweight with the coral inside symbolizes a heavy, curved piece of glass containing a pinkish piece of coral, bought from Mr. Charrington's shop. This object represents a fragment of the past that the Party hasn't managed to alter. The coral inside represents Winston and Julia's relationship.

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I think rats appearing over and over again throughout all of chapter 2 is a symbol and could possibly even foreshadow the events to come. I think the rats symbolize the Winstons fear of getting caught by the party or just his fear of absolute control from the party. Orwell could possibly be foreshadowing Winston getting caught and it represents the theme of oppression and fear.

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The proles are individuals not part of the Party and are not held to any value because they are not viewed as human. Orwell's tone toward this group is similar to that which one would hold towards third-world countries; they live in a location that is constantly bombed. When we are first introduced to the proles by Winston, he shares how they are constantly bombed and have an instinct that knows when a bomb is about to fall.

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1984 can be used as a warning for the future because in Winston and Julia's relationship they were always watched and controlled by the party which limited personal freedom for the two of them and was constantly being watched by the telescreen.

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We usually define rebellion is going against someone or something. We usually think about totalitarian or communist governments and their people try to over rule the government and gain power back. We saw this in the Haiti rebellion when the people tried to overthrow the government and gain power back. Many people can get jail time, fined, or even worse death. I don't think that Winston will be successful, just because there are not many people that are unloyal to the party and are willing to rebel and just Winston probably won't do much on his own

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Will winston try to find a way to unite the paroles in an organized rebellion?

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Why does Julia seem so much less interested in the political theory of the rebellion than Winston?

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What makes Winston think that somebody is human? Why does he call parole humans but he himself isn't?

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The roles of the outer party are that they work for the party and are completely controlled by the inner party. The symbol of Big Brother constantly keeps them in check and tries to ensure loyalty to the party itself.

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I think it's interesting that in chapter 5 when Julia and Winston are laying in bed together, he sees a rat, and she thinks nothing of it. Obviously, the apartment is in the proletarian area so the conditions aren't the cleanest. It just shows the stark difference in how the classes live although they are all oppressed.

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How does Winston and Julia's relationship challenge the Party's control over personal loyalty and individual freedom?

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I think that 1984 is a warning about the future and a critique of Orwell's time. The party rewriting history and controlling info is a real life example of the propaganda that was seen from the 1940's-1950's. I think that Orwell exaggerates it much more by adding in the Big Brother character because it shows us what could happen if these things keep continuing. Also, the telescreens that are constantly watching people show how there isn't really any privacy in the world. So it is based on issues in the real world but is meant as a warning.

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In book 2 the glass paperweight is a small object that Winston buys, and it has coral inside. I think it symbolizes a safe world separate from the party. Orwell includes it when Winston and Julia feel safe to show a sense of escape. It reflects how fragile the freedom is, because it can be shattered so easily, just like them in their relationship and their lives.

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Rebellion is an act of open resistance or defiance against an established government, authority, or social norm. It can be physical or mental. An example of this is shown in The Hunger Games, it was Katniss Everdeen vs. The Capitol. A potential consequence ranges from positive social change and liberation to severe negative outcomes like improsionment, execution, or the installation of an even more oppressive regime. Honestly I do not think Winston will be successful in his rebelllion because his rebellion is deeply personal and lacks the collective power of the "proles" needed to overthrow the Party. Political repression is the primary driver for Winston because Winston's life is defined by the absolute denial of fundamental rights. The "Thought Police," constant surveillance via telescreens, and the quashing of free speech (Newspeak) creates an environment where his very existence becomes an act of resistance. His rebellion starts with a diary which is clearly a direct response to the repression of personal thought and history.

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1984 is written as a warning for the future because of how controlling the government was. Julia and Winston's relationship and having to hide from the telescreens shows how controlling the government is. It demonstrates the lack of freedom the people had and is warning the people of the future possible outcomes of their government.

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Do you think there is a bigger meaning by the "hiding spot" being in Mr. Charrington's shop?

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I think the constant appearance of the rats throughout book two symbolizes that the Party is always watching even when Winston doesn't realize they are which increases Winstons fear. Orwell includes this to make the audience have a better interpretation and really realize how much their survelliance affects those in the community. This goes along with the themes in 1984 because we are constantly reminded of the survelliance within the party and the rat continuing to come out where Winston is, shows that there are no secrets from the party. Whenever a rat comes into play, Winston freaks out which shows us the correlation between the fear of rats and the fear of being caught by the party.

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The use of rats as a symbolize show how even though Winston is a figure of rebellion he still has vulnerabilities. Orwell would include them to show how the world can evolve. This reflects the ideas that the Party may have all the control bit they cant control emotions.

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How does the idea that Winston wanted to kill Katherine at the cave impact his characterization?

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1984 can be seen as a warning of the future but can also be a criticism of the current culture of the 1950s. The catalyst for writing 1984 was to warn against Stalin and Soviet Russia. However it can warn against advances in technology and how that can harm government.

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The dystopia in 1984 from the outside seems like the perfect life, but in reality it's too good to be true. The book is like a warning, saying that having everything being under control by a certain group of people/person can make everyone's lives dysfunctional and cause rebellion.

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Winston's fear of rats symbolizes his fear of not only the unknown, but being caught by the party. When the rat runs through the bedroom, Julia is more calm, but since it was something unexpected and came out of nowhere like the party, Winston is terrified. It gives him a sort of weakness, a part of him that isn't so tough.

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When Syme is vaporized, why isn't it touched on more in the book? Why is it only like a few sentences about him and then everyone moves on even though he was an important character?

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Why is Winston so afraid/anxious about going with O'Brien? I don't understand why he so nervous, considering he thought O'Brien was a fellow rebel.

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Is there a major plot twist in the story or are we just following Winston life

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The Paperweight

The paperweight is a heavy lump of glass with a small piece of pink coral embedded in the center, which Winston Smith buys from Mr. Charrington's antique shop. The paperweight symbolizes the past and human connection. Because it is "useless", it represents beauty for its own sake. The soral caught inside the glass represents Winston and Julia's secret life. The paperweight highlights Winston's growing rebellion and desire for a tangible history. The paperweight provides a physical link to a world that the Party has tried to erase, marking the peak of Winston's hope and his attempt to create a "sanctuary" away from Big Brother.

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Why does Winston believe that his relationship with Julia makes him stronger against the Party, even though it also puts him in greater danger?

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The Inner Party is the group at the top of the hierarchical chart within Oceania. They have a "luxurious" lifestyle with good food and nice living conditions. The only person we know that is in this party is O'Brien. Orwell describes them as power-hungry because they are willing to do whatever it is to stay on top. "The ruling group held all the power and the wealth, and they kept it for themselves" demonstrates how greedy the Inner Party truly is.

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1984 may be to provide a warning for people about the dangers of government control. Winston and Julia having to hide their relationship from the Party can demonstrate how much the government is taking over people's lives. They aren't allowed to have any sense of personal freedom and this is seen with the secret meet ups between the two characters.

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Why do you think that Julia would choose Winston out of all people to build a relationship and rebel with?

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Winston's mother is mentioned in many ways in Book 2, and symbolizes the past that can't be changed no matter how many times it is edited and revised. Winston is old enough to be one of the few that remembers anything from life before the Revolution. Orwell uses his memory and reoccurring dreams of his mother to stir these once-living moments of his past back to life, reminding Winston of how life used to be and sparking internal questioning against both his own work and the work of the Party in erasing the past altogether. At this point in the novel, we have seen the development of Winston's internal conflict and how it has affected his relationships like with Julia, O'Brien, and even Katherine. By mentioning Winston's (most likely) dead mother through faded memories and dreams, he is able to reflect on how before the Revolution, people were more loving and selfless, showing more raw emotions rather than a strict, obeying facade in case of a nearby telescreen or Party comrade. In short, Winston's mother is a foggy window into the past, stirring self-reflection and hope against the current state of the Party and the effects it has on everyone's lack of empathy, kindness, and community.

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The proles have been characterized as cattle whose sole purpose is labor and numbers. They don't have any "rules" they follow like the Inner and Outer Party does, but in reality they are just as controlled- just less directly. Examples of proles we have met include Mrs. Parsons and Mr. Charrington. Orwell uses tones of disgust at their dirty, unorthodox lifestyles, and disappointment at their lost potential of rebellion. He describes the group as a whole as free citizens that have every ability to rebel but are uneducated and thus too gullible to do so. For example, Winston describes Mr. Charrington as "another extinct animal" leading a "ghostlike existence" between his dormant shop and small living space (Orwell 150). He is merely floating through the end years of his life rather than living it.

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Throughout book two we are introduced to a small fear of Winston’s which is just an ordinary rat. The rat in the scene where Julia and Winston were in a room together caused him to panic just at the sight of its nose. We have seen him have more fear about a rat than getting caught by the party which is a shocking thing for the audience to see. Using this symbol shows how even though someone may seem tough on the outside they still have small internal fears that live inside of them. The rat may symbolize the fear that Winston has of getting caught by the party even if he only expresses it when he sees a rat. This small creature causes Winston’s tough shell to break.

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In chapter 7 in book two, there was mention of Winston having a dream about his life in the past that he had no remembrance of involving his mother. However, how come Winston and Julia don’t manually right down the facts that happened in the past to remember them instead of holding it all in their brains themselves? Having a document with facts is a good way to remember all the little details.

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The Outer Party struggles with poverty and is under constant watch. They live decay apartments like Victory Square, participate in Physical Jerks, there's a telescreen in every room, and have to maintain an expression at all times. In the book we have met Winston, Julia, Syme, and the Parson all apart of the Outer Party. Orwell's tone toward this party is pity. He portrays them as the most miserable group because they are intelligent enough to suffer from the repression but not powerful enough to change anything. They are stuck by there own minds.

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In book 2, the paperweights represents the past. Orwell introduces them in Book 1, now that Winston has a home in the room above the shop. He needs items from the past to make it feel real. The paperweight proves that a world existed before the Party. This gives him the strength to keep rebelling. The glass can easily be smashed. This reflects on Winston secret life. Life is together when he is in that room. But, he know in a matter of second the Thought Police will shatter is reality.

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How does Orwell use symbolism in Book 2 to reveal the conflict of control and personal freedom?

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winston buys that coral glass encased ball thingy, and i think that kind of represents his life. he's very smart and self aware, (coral), and alive, going through the motions of life, but he's trapped. bagged down by his job, the ideals of the party, and not able to live a truely free life (like the outer glass thing)

[omg ts was in book on actually mb]

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In a world where everyone is a spy is Mr. Charrington kindness toward Winston genuine or too good to be true?

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do you think that julia and winston are actually right for each other? because they both oppose the party, but their reasons are very different. and do you think this will cause problems in their relationship later in the book?

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Throughout Book 2, Orwell often uses rats to symbolize the internal fear and weakness that Winston suffers from. He views them as filthy and dirty, which reflects how the party has created a society filled with constant worries and fears. Orwell uses rats as a symbol in a way to show how fear of the party being discovered leads to weakness and how Winston has to try to overcome this threat.

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rebellion is fighting against something, usually a higher power in charge. we see rebellion a lot in history, on small and large scales. i think percieved corruption contributes the most to winston's behavior, especially since he is very self aware, and notices all the lies that the party is spreading. Also, he works at the ministry of truth, so he can see firsthand the fabrication of stories and lies that the party makes. i don't think he'll be successful in his rebellion against Big Brother, because he doesn't seem super motivated to actually rebel, just talks about his hate for the party, and he mainly relies on the proles to rebel.

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Rebellion is the act of resisting or rising up against authority, control, or rules. Some examples of rebellion show up in the American Revolution, where colonists rebellion against unfair British rules. A popular rebellion in the media is the Hunger Games trilogy- where after winning her first Games and being taken in by District 13 during her second Games- she became a symbol of rebellion against the totalitarian Capital and President Snow. There are many consequences from rebellion, positive or negative. Positive consequences include freedom and independence, while negatives include punishment such as prison, violence and death. I don't think that Winston will successfully rebel against Big Brother and the Party, as he has many vices that seem to prevent him from gaining the courage needed to overcome such a powerful influence. I think on some level, political repression is the reason for Winston's rebellion, as he lives such a limited life until he meets Julia- his one outlet for the love and physical intimacy that he has always craved. These acts of intimacy serve as resistance to the control that the Party has.

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The rat in the rented room is mentioned numerous times in Book 2, and I believe it symbolizes the ever-looming threat of being caught in Winston's rebellious actions. Orwell would add these vague, yet eye-catching reactions to the rat to stir up confusion within the audience, suggesting that the rat is a foreshadowing figure for events to come. The rat also reflects Winston's paralyzing fear, while also highlighting the poor living conditions that the Proles and most of the Outer Party live in. The abundance of rats displays the oppression and poverty within Oceanian society.

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What does the rented room above Mr. Charrington's shop symbolize- and why is it so important to Winston?

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I feel like Mr Parsons symbolizes the entirety of the party because he is described as "paralyzingly stupid", and Winston remarks that he'll never get vaporized because all he does is spew Party propaganda. Orwell includes him to show us directly how those who believe in the party wholly, and he shows us the face of the party and what the party wants, blind, unthinking loyalty, Almost like that of a dog.

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A rebellion is when a group of people united by a cause rise up to fight back against a usually oppressive or corrupt political power, either on a large scale or small. Winston sees the lies and cover-ups in the Party, and he hates the Party for erasing the past and lying, and how he can't really have true freedom, so he starts to have his own small protests, like getting with Julia and talking bad about the Party and writing in his journal. The consequence is that Winston will most likely be killed when he is discovered. It reminds me of the underground railroad conductors who couldnt directly fight the southern salve owners but would secretly help the slaves in their own rebellion

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Do you think Julia is benefitting Winston and his rebellion, or is she just a distraction that will stop him from achieving his ending goal?

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We define the word rebellion as a way of defying or breaking the norms to something that we don't think is right or not fair. Some examples of rebellion that often cross my mind is when around the time of slavery many enslaved African American people decided to rebell and escape the terrible things they were going through while everyone else around them normalized what was going on and did absolutely nothing about it. Rebellions give opportunities for violence and force to take control and force these "norms" on the people who are rebelling whether they like it or not. With the right support and spirit i think Winston will be able to successfully complete his rebellion, he already has one ally on his side which is Julia and together they could change the mind of the public. Political Repression represents Winston's current situation because people in Ocieana are being stripped of their thoughts and basically human nature itself.

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In what ways, do you think Julia has changed or developed Winston’s perspective on the Party and world around him?

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All throughout part 2, Orwell uses a lot of rats throughout these chapters. I believe these rats symbolize his fears because he may seem all rebellious and strong on the outside, but he’s still a human who has fears and struggles. Fears of what ifs fighting in his mind against the party. Orwell uses this symbol because it’s a way to still show us reality. The reality of reminding us Winston still has fears. Fears of the Party, being discovered, and what could happen. It reflects that Winston still has internal conflicts and problems that he still has to overcome.

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Why does Winston still think the Proles are the only hope throughout book 2 even though they do not care about rebelling?

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The Proles' lifestyle is basically just that of a grunt worker. They are there to work and die and are controlled by propaganda along with the lack of info given to them and the media given to them. We haven't met very many named proles yet but through Winston, Orwell describes them as mindless and unaware of the power that they'd hold if they would rise up, and Winston seems to have disdain for them and talks about them uncaringly. He describes them as a "disregarded, swarming mass", almost like a herd of animals.

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The lifestyle of people who are a part in the Outer Party are middle class citizens of Oceania. Their lives are controlled by the Inner Party. They live in decaying appartments like Winston who we have met. Orwell's tone toward the Outer Party is sympathetic but harsh. He shows them as the most psychologically tortured group because they are taught to recognize oppression but can't do anything about it.

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Rebellion is the natural right to go against a government. Winston rebels against the government because it doesn't allow for ideas, Winston is aware that they're being controlled. His constant interaction with Julia shows how he experiences intimacy as a form of rebellion. His rebellion in my opinion will fail because it isn't organized, it's through smaller actions that he rebels.

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Rebellion is defined as an act of violence or resistance to an established government or ruler, the act of resisting authority, control or convention. We have seen rebellions numerous times throughout history with some of the most famous rebellions being the civil rights movement in the US, the salt march led by Gandhi and the American revolution. Some rebellions are extremely successful where as some rebellions are completely defeated. In the instances where rebellions are successful it usually comes with the consequences of lots of lives lost in violence and wars. For example with the american revolution america won and got what they fought for but there were 23,800 american casualties as a result. However if the revolutions are defeated it leads to even worse consequences like mass oppression and even more control. After failed rebellions the government often feels threatened and will show their complete control through even worse oppression and often violence. I think Winston will not be successful because he doesn't have enough people on his side at the moment. Political Repression is definitely the leading cause of Winston's rebellion. The loss of fundamental rights is what is driving Winston to rebel.

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Winston buys a lump of glass with coral inside from Mr. Charrington's shop. The item is the glass paperweight and I think it symbolizes Winston's desire to connect with the past. Orwell would include this because it first shows Winston's rebellious actions. The glass reflects the fragile piece of memory and how impossible it is to have a private life in their community.

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Rebellion is the natural act of going against higher powers, "punching up" so to speak. Winston's change in rebelling against the government comes from the corruption he begins to pull the curtain back from in book one, and contributes to his continual acts with Julia in book two. Winston has realized how corrupt the powers that be are, and does what he can to fight back. My prediction is that Winston will not be able to topple the party and their regime. The overwhelming power of the party along with the themes and trends of the book do not bode well for Winston's success in becoming free.

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The rat in Winston's room

The rat in Winston's room makes Winston freak out. He talks about how filthy it is, how it eats babies. A rat is a very common thing while Winston treats it like the worst possible thing. The rat represents Winston's subconscious fear of the unknown. He constantly fools himself. Winston never sees a rat, but the mere mention of one makes him lose it, turning pale. This shows how he fools himself. He is in a room, with a wall between them in the outside where the rat is but Winston can't bring himself to trust reality and would rather fool himself into believing the rat is in his room.

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If Julia is so good at reading people's inner beliefs based on their faces, why did she only give her note to Winston and not someone else or even just more people in general? (p. 152)

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Rats are all over in book two, and they seem to symbolize the constant looming threat of being discovered by the party. Winston's violent reaction to a rat in he and Julia's room seems to show his fear of being discovered, and the fact Winston is so afraid of rats reflect that of their symbolic nature. Orwell uses it to show Winston's progression into rebellion, his fear dissipating as the chapters draw on.

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What was Julia's catalyst for her opinions about the party?

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What makes someone human when Winston says the proles are human beings but we are not?

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Post your opinions and evidence below:

Is 1984 meant as a prophecy for the future, or is it meant as a current criticism of the 1950s contemporary society?

What evidence do you have for your opinion from the text?

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How do we define the word rebellion? What examples do we typically think of in history or media?

What potential consequences come from rebellion? Do you think Winston will be successful in his rebellion against Big Brother?

Look at these common drivers of rebellion. Which do you think most contributes to Winston's behavior?

1. Economic Inequality: Significant gaps in wealth and resources often stimulate rebellious sentiments. When a substantial number of citizens perceive that the structure of economic opportunities is unfair, disillusionment can become a catalyst for collective defiance.

2. Political Repression: Authoritarian regimes that quash dissent create an environment ripe for rebellion. The denial of fundamental rights—free speech, fair elections, freedom of assembly—can push people to seek radical forms of resistance.

3. Social Injustice: Discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, or other social markers often fuels protest movements. When institutions systematically disadvantage specific groups, rebellion may appear as a tool for empowerment and social change.

4. Cultural and Religious Dissonance: In societies where cultural or religious identities are suppressed by a dominant group, rebellion can manifest as an effort to preserve or reclaim these identities.

5. Perceived Corruption or Moral Decay: When political or social leaders are viewed as corrupt, unethical, or out of touch, discontent escalates. Rebels often frame their struggle as moral or spiritual opposition to a flawed establishment.

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Share below a question/ discussion topic that you have from Book 2 Ch. 5-8--

It can be a confusion you had, a theme you see, a passage you want to talk about, a connection to the real world, etc.

After posting your question, add a short response with your own thoughts and ideas below it!

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Orwell uses several items and characters as symbols within Book 2 to deepen the themes of the novel.

Choose one symbol to analyze, and answer:

a. What is the literal item within the text? What do you believe it symbolizes?

b. Why would Orwell include them at this point in the novel?

c. What do they reflect about the world, Winston, or the themes of the novel?

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Pick one of the following social classes of Oceania: the Inner Party, Outer Party, and the proles.

For your group:

a. What do we know about their lifestyles?

b. Who have we met who is included in the group?

c. What is Orwell's tone toward each of the groups?

d. What evidence do you have for Orwell's tone?