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Increased white blood cells and neutrophils both lean towards a bacterial infection because WBC fight against infection

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Hyperfibrinogenemia

Hyperproteinemia

And hypoalbuminemia all present

Low PCV could equal anemia

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chronic Inflammation- hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia

Variable anemia

Leukocytosis with neutrophillia- initial immune response

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This is acute protein which rises with inflammation or tissue damage in horses it can show that inflammation and or infection is present

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(e.g. abscesses, pneumonia)

neutrophillia & leukocytosis: responce to infection

hyperfibirnogemia & hyperproteinemia: chronic inflamation

hypoalbuminemia: chronic inflamation or infection often leads ti protein loss

anemia: may develoup if infection persists

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Thrombocytopenia and mild neutropenia indicative of viral infection , Large quantity of infected have sideroleukocytes (Sellon,1993)

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The neutrophilic response could indicate a bacterial infection. Pneumonia also results in increased fibrinogen and hyperglobulinemia

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Hyperfibrinogemia - systematic inflammation

Hyperproteinemia & hypoalbuminia - increased globulin levels, chronic inflammation and protein loss

Anemia - in the chronic phase anemia develops due to immune mediated destruction of red blood cells

All align with eia’s pathophysiology

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Strangles, Rhodococcus equi pneumonia, Peritonitis, Pleuropneumonia, Colitis, or Lymphoma

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Anaemia - haemolysis

Elevated fibrinogen - inflammation

hypoalbumenia - relative decrease compared to fibrinogen

elevated protein - increased production of immunoglobulins

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Leukocytosis with neutrophilia:

High white blood cell count

Suggests inflamation or infection (often bacterial)

Common in absesses, pneumonia, pleuropneumonia and sepsis

Seen in choronic infections

Hyperproteinenemia - High total protein

Hypoalbuminemia - Low albumin

High total protein - chronic inflamation

Low albumin - Chronic infection

Specific Diseases:

Strangles

Pneumonia

Peritonitis

Internal abssesses

acaolitis

Sepsis

Neoplasia

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1. Equine Piroplasmosis

Thrombocytopenia & anemia due to immune-mediated hemolysis.

Sideroleukocytes suggests hemolysis.

Hyperbilirubinemia due to red blood cell destruction.

Low serum iron from iron sequestration during hemolysis.

2. EIA

Thrombocytopenia- immune mediated platelet destruction

anemia due to hemolysis

Mild neutropenia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis can be seen with chronic infections.

3. Equine Anaplasmosis

Thrombocytopenia- immune-mediated platelet destruction

fever

mild anemia

Elevated bilirubin, low iron, increased GGT and ALP suggest secondary liver involvement.

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Probably EIA due to sideroleukocytes (Sellon, 2017)

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Probably EIA due to sideroleukocytes (Sellon, 2017)

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Thrombocytopenia: low platelet count

Primary or secondary – infection or neoplasnia

Fever and anemia

Neutropenia: low neutrophil levels

Lymphocytosis: high lymphocyte levels

Monocytosis: high monocyte levels

Presence of sideroleukocytes

Sign of EIA

No charachteristic changes in WBC count

Increase in bilirubin conc

Decrease in serum iron conc

Increase in serum activity of ggt and ap

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Chronic inflammatory disease

Long term clinical signs without acute illness

Persistent mild neutophilia

Elevated globulins

Possibly raised stress markers

Cellulitis

Localized swelling, heat, pain

Neutrophillia

Elevated fibrinogen

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EIA

Viral

Low platelets - affect bone marrow sign of EIA

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thrombocytopenia, fever, anemia

Sideroleukocytes

Neutropenia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis

Biochemical changes: increased bilirubin, decreased serum iron, increased GGT and ALP

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low platelet count = EIA, bone marrows disorders

Low neutrophil = viral infection, endotoxemia, overwhelming bacterial infection

Inc bilirubin = liver disease, hemolysis or result of fasting

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Thrombocytopnia – One of the most consistent findings in acute EIA.
Fevre & anemia – Classic signs due to immune-mediated hemolysis.
Sideroleukocytes – Seen in conditions with chronic hemolysis, like EIA.
Increased bilirubin – Due to red blood cell destruction.
Decreased serum iron – Common in chronic infections.
Increased GGT & ALP – Can indicate liver involvement, which happns in some EIA cases.

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1. EGA - Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

This is a tick-borne disease, bloodwork would show thrombocytopenia, decreased PCV and leukopenia (since the case didn't have a change in WBC count this isn't likely)

2. EIA - Equine Infectious Anaemia

Viral Infection, shows thrombocytopenia and anemia

1. Leptospirosis - a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira bacteria

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Equine Piroplasmosis:

Fever and severe anemais

Elevated GGT and ALP

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia:

Severe anemia

Decreased Iron

Equine infectious anemia:

Anemia

Reoccuring fever episodes

Eleveated GGT and ALP

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1. EIA

Anemia (low RBC, hemoglobin, PCV)

Increased WBC (leukocytosis)

Hyperglobulinemia (elevated globulin levels)

2. Equine Piroplasmosis

Severe anemia (low RBC, hemoglobin, PCV)

Hyperglobulinemia (immune response)

High fibrinogen (systemic inflammation)

Neutrophilia and monocytosis

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Initial sig. diff in WBC, lasts 4 weeks - initial infection

Neutrophilia in affected horses - inflammatory response

Significant Basophilia - igE increase, allergic response/ parasitic response

Total protein high

Hypoalbuminia

Hyperfibrin

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Increased WBC, leukocytosis, neutrophilia.

Increased total serum protein and hyperglobulinemia

Hypoalbinemia

Increased fibrinogen

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Increased WBC

Slight decrease or no change in Erythocytes

Non significant increase in neutrophils

Possible decrease in haemoglobin (not necessary)

PCV: decreased in diseased

No change in lymphocyte

Basophil – marked increase

Increased basophils, mild neutrophilia, and possible anemia: parasitic infection

Marked basophilia (histamine release and chronic inflammation), neutrophilia (could be secondary infection),no change in lymphocytes: allergic reaction?

Inflammatory Bowel DIsease most likely as its the only disease in my list