# data[].attributes.body
Review 2 of your friend's posts. Do you agree/ disagree on the solutions? Why.

# data[].attributes.body
France, Germany, and Spain would cover an area of approximately 3,882,008,198,400 square feet combined. However, in this article, I learnt that in one year, we cut down roughly the same amount of forests!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Imagine if France, Germany, and Spain were completely blanketed in forests - and then all those trees were quickly chopped down. That's nearly the amount of deforestation that occurred globally between 2001 and 2020, with profound consequences.

Deforestation is a major contributor to climate change, producing between 6 and 17 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, according to a 2009 study. Meanwhile, because trees also absorb carbon dioxide, removing it from the atmosphere, they help keep the Earth cooler. And climate change aside, forests protect biodiversity.

"Climate change and biodiversity make this a global problem, not a local problem," says MIT economist Ben Olken. "Deciding to cut down trees or not has huge implications for the world."

But deforestation is often financially profitable, so it continues at a rapid rate. Researchers can now measure this trend closely: In the last quarter-century, satellite-based technology has led to a paradigm change in charting deforestation. New deforestation datasets, based on the Landsat satellites, for instance, track forest change since 2000 with resolution at 30 meters, while many other products now offer frequent imaging at close resolution.

"Part of this revolution in measurement is accuracy, and the other part is coverage," says Clare Balboni, an assistant professor of economics at the London School of Economics (LSE). "On-site observation is very expensive and logistically challenging, and you're talking about case studies. These satellite-based data sets just open up opportunities to see deforestation at scale, systematically, across the globe."

Balboni and Olken have now helped write a new paper providing a road map for thinking about this crisis. The open-access article, " The Economics of Tropical Deforestation," appears this month in the Annual Review of Economics. The co-authors are Balboni, a former MIT faculty member; Aaron Berman, a PhD candidate in MIT's Department of Economics; Robin Burgess, an LSE professor; and Olken, MIT's Jane Berkowitz Carlton and Dennis William Carlton Professor of Microeconomics. Balboni and Olken have also conducted primary research in this area, along with Burgess.

So, how can the world tackle deforestation? It starts with understanding the problem.
Replacing forests with farms
Several decades ago, some thinkers, including the famous MIT economist Paul Samuelson in the 1970s, built models to study forests as a renewable resource; Samuelson calculated the "maximum sustained yield" at which a forest could be cleared while being regrown. These frameworks were designed to think about tree farms or the U.S. national forest system, where a fraction of trees would be cut each year, and then new trees would be grown over time to take their place.

But deforestation today, particularly in tropical areas, often looks very different, and forest regeneration is not common.

Indeed, as Balboni and Olken emphasize, deforestation is now rampant partly because the profits from chopping down trees come not just from timber, but from replacing forests with agriculture. In Brazil, deforestation has increased along with agricultural prices; in Indonesia, clearing trees accelerated as the global price of palm oil went up, leading companies to replace forests with palm tree orchards.

All this tree-clearing creates a familiar situation: The globally shared costs of climate change from deforestation are "externalities," as economists say, imposed on everyone else by the people removing forest land. It is akin to a company that pollutes into a river, affecting the water quality of residents.

"Economics has changed the way it thinks about this over the last 50 years, and two things are central," Olken says. "The relevance of global externalities is very important, and the conceptualization of alternate land uses is very important." This also means traditional forest-management guidance about regrowth is not enough. With the economic dynamics in mind, which policies might work, and why?
The search for solutions
As Balboni and Olken note, economists often recommend "Pigouvian" taxes (named after the British economist Arthur Pigou) in these cases, levied against people imposing externalities on others. And yet, it can be hard to identify who is doing the deforesting.

Instead of taxing people for clearing forests, governments can pay people to keep forests intact. The UN uses Payments for Environmental Services (PES) as part of its REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) program. However, it is similarly tough to identify the optimal landowners to subsidize, and these payments may not match the quick cash-in of deforestation. A 2017 study in Uganda showed PES reduced deforestation somewhat; a 2022 study in Indonesia found no reduction; another 2022 study, in Brazil, showed again that some forest protection resulted.

"There's mixed evidence from many of these [studies]," Balboni says. These policies, she notes, must reach people who would otherwise clear forests, and a key question is, "How can we assess their success compared to what would have happened anyway?"

Some places have tried cash transfer programs for larger populations. In Indonesia, a 2020 study found such subsidies reduced deforestation near villages by 30 percent. But in Mexico, a similar program meant more people could afford milk and meat, again creating demand for more agriculture and thus leading to more forest-clearing.

At this point, it might seem that laws simply banning deforestation in key areas would work best - indeed, about 16 percent of the world's land overall is protected in some way. Yet the dynamics of protection are tricky. Even with protected areas in place, there is still "leakage" of deforestation into other regions.

Still more approaches exist, including "nonstate agreements," such as the Amazon Soy Moratorium in Brazil, in which grain traders pledged not to buy soy from deforested lands, and reduced deforestation without "leakage."

Also, intriguingly, a 2008 policy change in the Brazilian Amazon made agricultural credit harder to obtain by requiring recipients to comply with environmental and land registration rules. The result? Deforestation dropped by up to 60 percent over nearly a decade.
Politics and pulp
Overall, Balboni and Olken observe, beyond "externalities," two major challenges exist. One, it is often unclear who holds property rights in forests. In these circumstances, deforestation seems to increase. Two, deforestation is subject to political battles.

For instance, as economist Bard Harstad of Stanford University has observed, environmental lobbying is asymmetric. Balboni and Olken write: "The conservationist lobby must pay the government in perpetuity ... while the deforestation-oriented lobby need pay only once to deforest in the present." And political instability leads to more deforestation because "the current administration places lower value on future conservation payments."

Even so, national political measures can work. In the Amazon from 2001 to 2005, Brazilian deforestation rates were three to four times higher than on similar land across the border, but that imbalance vanished once the country passed conservation measures in 2006. However, deforestation ramped up again after a 2014 change in government. Looking at particular monitoring approaches, a study of Brazil's satellite-based Real-Time System for Detection of Deforestation (DETER), launched in 2004, suggests that a 50 percent annual increase in its use in municipalities created a 25 percent reduction in deforestation from 2006 to 2016.

How precisely politics matters may depend on the context. In a 2021 paper, Balboni and Olken (with three colleagues) found that deforestation actually decreased around elections in Indonesia. Conversely, in Brazil, one study found that deforestation rates were 8 to 10 percent higher where mayors were running for re-election between 2002 and 2012, suggesting incumbents had deforestation industry support.

"The research there is aiming to understand what the political economy drivers are," Olken says, "with the idea that if you understand those things, reform in those countries is more likely."

Looking ahead, Balboni and Olken also suggest that new research estimating the value of intact forest land intact could influence public debates. And while many scholars have studied deforestation in Brazil and Indonesia, fewer have examined the Democratic Republic of Congo, another deforestation leader, and sub-Saharan Africa.

Deforestation is an ongoing crisis. But thanks to satellites and many recent studies, experts know vastly more about the problem than they did a decade or two ago, and with an economics toolkit, can evaluate the incentives and dynamics at play.

"To the extent that there's ambuiguity across different contexts with different findings, part of the point of our review piece is to draw out common themes - the important considerations in determining which policy levers can [work] in different circumstances," Balboni says. "That's a fast-evolving area. We don't have all the answers, but part of the process is bringing together growing evidence about [everything] that affects how successful those choices can be."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
democratic republic of congo reforestation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
real-time system for detection of deforestation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to tackle the global deforestation crisis

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New research examines the "revolution" in the study of deforestation brought about by satellites, and analyzing which kinds of policies might limit climate-altering deforestation.

# data[].attributes.body
Firstly,we should plant young trees by gathering the community to help out plant the trees.

Secondly, other than planting trees, we should build homes for the animals to live in as when we cut down trees , the animals will have no place to settle in .personally for me ,if I were the animal , I would be upset if the home I grew up in was destroyed.

thirdly , we may have to protest as when we cut down the trees , our air will not be clean. For example, we might get sick as the air is not clean.

# data[].attributes.body
to prevent homework overload, teacher's should try and give less homework or communicate with one another so that there wont be much homework given for each subject. This also includes tuition teachers as I've seen many of my friends not being able to finish their school homework because of their extra work coming from their tuition. Stress isn't a thing we should brush off. 727 000 people commit suicide because of their mental illness and stress, so we shouldn't just ignore it.

# data[].attributes.body
We can fix this issue by spreading awareness on child labour across the world.

Firstly,we can spread awareness by posting stories online about how much they effect the children.

Secondly,we can try are best to go to other countries and have an talk with them on which they should not use children but hired workers.

Lastly,we can send messages or letters to the presidents of Singapore to see if they communicate to the the countries with child labour to ask if they can maybe consider on having a talk with the people using children to work if they can maybe use proper workers such as hired workers.

# data[].attributes.body
Come up with 2 solutions to combat/ solve the issue. Present it in the form of:

A formal letter

Verbally in a video

# data[].attributes.body
Gather information from articles, reports, and interviews with people affected by or working on the issue

Link the article and tell me 1 thing you learnt from the article

Ensure the source is reliable, Wikipedia is not allowed.

# data[].attributes.body
Environmental Issues

Plastic pollution

Deforestation

Food waste

Lack of recycling programs in the community

Social Issues

Bullying or online harassment

Inequality in access to technology (digital divide)

Mental health awareness and support in schools

Homelessness in the local community

Discrimination and bias (e.g., race, gender, disability)

Health Issues

Rising rates of obesity and lack of access to healthy food

Water quality and safety

Impact of fast food culture on health

Education Issues

Homework load and student stress

Lack of inclusive education for students with disabilities

Limited access to arts and sports programs

Gender stereotypes in school activities and curriculum

Economic Issues

Rising cost of living and its effects on families

Global Issues

Climate change and its effects on different countries

Access to clean drinking water in developing countries

Child labor and exploitation in supply chains

Global gender equality and education for girls

# data[].attributes.body
i chose Bullying and Harassment issues.

1. Physical Bullying: Involves hitting, kicking, or damaging someone's belongings.

2. Verbal Bullying: Includes name-calling, insults, or threats.

3. Relational (Social) Bullying: Aims to harm someone's reputation or relationships, such as spreading rumors or excluding someone from a group.

4. Cyberbullying: Occurs online or through digital platforms, including sending hurtful messages, posting demeaning content, or impersonating someone online.

5. Sexual Bullying: Involves unwanted sexual comments or physical contact.

6. Racial or Religious Bullying: Targets individuals based on their ethnicity or religion.

Desire for Control: Seeking power over others.

Insecurity: Low self-esteem or personal struggles.

Learned Behavior: Exposure to bullying in the home or community.

Lack of Empathy: Difficulty understanding or caring about others' feelings.

https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/let-schools-handle-cases-of-bullying-or-fighting-without-speculating-and-jumping-in-chan-chun-sing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Parents should let schools handle fighting or bullying cases, and avoid jumping in: Chan Chun Sing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
PSP’s Hazel Poa had asked about two incidents in Admiralty Secondary School that came to light in January. Read more at straitstimes.com.

# data[].attributes.body
To stop deforestation, we could:

1. send appeal letters to government

2. not waste paper and other wood-based resources so as to decrease demand

3. prohibit cutting down trees / limit the amount of trees cut down

# data[].attributes.body
it is important to know what is going on in the world because:

1. warfare

if a war breaks out, news on radios, tvs and newspapers will warn you and give you time to prepare

2. disruptions

news will inform you of any practice drills and true disruptions, once again helping you to prepare

3. events within your country

if any special event like the world cup is happening in your country, it will 100% show up in the newspaper or on tv

# data[].attributes.headline
Why is it important to know what is going on in the world?

# data[].attributes.subject
Why is it important to know what is going on in the world?

# data[].attributes.body
it is important to know what is happening around world so that we can understand current events which can help you make informed decisions that affect your life, such as voting and personal safety

# data[].attributes.body
It is important to know what is going on in the world because we might not know what is ahead of us. An example which is already shown, Covid 19. If we would to not realize this disease spreading around the world we might be very confused and also might get affected by the disease. If we would to not notice what is going on in the world we would not make good choices for ourselves and our lives would be much different.

# data[].attributes.body
I feel that it is important to know what is going on in the world as we have to realize how lucky we are to just live a decent life. We need to see and understand that many people from other countries are not as fortunate as us. Most suffer from starvation, lack of home and not being able to obtain healthy water. Some countries cant even afford school, so we must remember to be grateful for what we have.

# data[].attributes.body
i think it is important to know what is going on in the world.

Firstly, then we would know what is happening with countries. Example ,like wars between Palastine and Isreal.

# data[].attributes.body
It is important as we know what is happening around the whole world and it can help us to choose better choices.

# data[].attributes.body
It's important to know what's going on around the world because it helps you understand your place in it. It can also help you understand the ways in which people are different and the ways they're similar.

# data[].attributes.body
I think it is important to know what is going on in the world as if you see news about an earthquake and you are near that country that was hit, you can go out of your country as there might be a tsunami coming and you can get ready.

# data[].attributes.body
I think it is impotant to know what is going on in the world so that we could keep up with the news and inform others about it if they have not heard about it.

# data[].attributes.body
its important to know whats going on in the world as it helps us to understand the worlds situation and feel emotions towards the world. it may help to avoid dangerous situation happening in our country, such as wars or any natural disaster happening

# data[].attributes.body
Understanding what is happening now can help us make decisions that affects our life such as voting for president and our own safety.

# data[].attributes.body
i think it is important to know what is going on in the world as we need information about the whole world to make better choices.

# data[].attributes.body
Its important to know what is going on in the world because:

1. We need to be prepared and stay safe from dangers e.g. new diseases.

2. We have to be prepared and informed to make good decisions.

3. We can be aware of events happening around to world and stay informed.

# data[].attributes.body
this can help us in studies. If there was world war three, we can learn how to protect ourself's.lets take Palestine and israel for example, we can avoid going to those countries or near those countries.

# data[].attributes.body
If we were to know what was going on around the world we would have a big advantage in certain things such as travel, safety and finance. That way we would know things faster then people who do not have access to the internet.

# data[].attributes.body
It is important to understand what is going on around the world so we can understand important events that is going on around the world. these events will make a huge impact on our lives

# data[].attributes.body
Staying informed about current events and local, national, and global news is an integral part of engaging with the world around us. It not only contributes to a deeper understanding and connection to the issues that affect us all, but it’s also essential for personal development, informed decision-making, and active citizenship.

# data[].attributes.body
It is important for us as it allows us to know what's going on outside the country or inside which we do not know if we do not have a phone.Personally for me i am normally interested in things happening in our globe.

# data[].attributes.body
I learnt that every child has the right to health,education and protection.However,some children are denied a fair chance for no other reason that their country and gender . link:https://www.un.org/en/global-issues

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
ERROR: The request could not be satisfied

# data[].attributes.body
I learned that if food goes to the landfill and rots, it produces methane—a greenhouse gas even more potent than carbon dioxide and at the same time I also learned that Singapore has extremely low recycling rates due to several factors, including limited domestic recycling capabilities, the need to export recyclables ,international regulations affecting waste movement, and a focus on generating less waste in the first place .

# data[].attributes.body
I learned that if forests are cleared, or even disturbed, they release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and Forest loss and damage is the cause of around 10% of global warming

# data[].attributes.body
Discrimination and bias has always been threat to other by calling racist remarks to other people with a different skin colour. This has affected many people in the world and countries such as Nigeria, Africa and many others. We can stop discrimination by making efforts to educate ourselves and others about various forms of discrimination, challenge discriminatory practices and advocate for policy changes that promote equality. I learnt that to not call people names and always be kind.

# data[].attributes.body
I learned that forests still cover about 30 percent of the world’s land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. Since 1990, the world has lost more than 420 million hectares or about a billion acres of forest.https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/deforestation

# data[].attributes.body
Digital Awareness

Tech is not neutral due to technical architecture or business model can have profound impacts on our privacy, security and even civil rights as users.

Tech is not inevitable. Most importantly, just because a particular technology is “better” in some way doesn’t guarantee it will be widely adopted, or that it will cause other, more popular technologies to improve.

Most people in tech sincerely want to do good. It’s important for those who make tech to understand that good intentions don’t absolve them from being responsible for the negative consequences of their work, no matter how well-intentioned.

https://medium.com/humane-tech/12-things-everyone-should-understand-about-tech-d158f5a26411

# data[].attributes.body
we need to know what is going on in the world, we might not even know if the world is in danger or scientist has discovered a dieses that can really harm us

# data[].attributes.body
It is important to know what is going around the world because, it may be useful for us so it can interest us ,inform us and even prepare us for situations like a war , food shortage or even a virus spreading around the world like covid 19.It helped us not only prepare ourselves but also overcome and survive the pandemic.

# data[].attributes.body
It is important to know what is happening around the world . When we know what is happening ,we can either find what is going on or to be aware of danger(e.g. war)

# data[].attributes.body
after researching we learnt that 1 in 3 teens of Singapore experience Depression, Anxiety and stress, The reason? After a nationwide research conducted by the Institute of Mental Health (IMH), with the Ministry of Health, the Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health (CHAT), and the National University of Singapore (NUS). They found out that cyber bullying, body shape concerns and excessive social media use, as well as the treatment gap and sources of support among young people here.

Sources: Depression, anxiety, stress: 1 in 3 youth in S’pore reported very poor mental health, says IMH survey | The Straits Times

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Depression, anxiety, stress: 1 in 3 youth in S’pore reported very poor mental health, says IMH survey

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Anxiety was the most common mental health problem experienced by young people in Singapore. Read more at straitstimes.com. Read more at straitstimes.com.

# data[].attributes.body
i learnt that transgender, nonbinary, and gender-nonconforming people are normal and part of the long history of humanity that stretches across continents and through time. While they never make up a large part of any single community, they are found in virtually all communities. In the United States there are people who identify as transgender, nonbinary, or gender nonconforming. That’s just under 4 percent of the adult American population. Despite their relatively low numbers, these Americans have found themselves in the political crosshairs, facing denial of rights and being the target of a misguided fight.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
There is a culture war raging in pockets of America centered on gender, sexuality, and self-determination. Some media pundits make it sound as if we are in the midst of a pandemic of transgender, nonbinary, and other gender-nonconforming people invading our communities and threatening the young. But the real threat is misinformation and disinformation about sex, gender, and sexuality, a war of words that scrambles a simple scientific fact: Gender variation among humans has always been the norm. The only thing that has changed is that people are now discussing this reality more openly and honestly. Unfamiliar language and heated rhetoric have confused many members of the public. I'd like to set things straight.

History of Humanity

Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-nonconforming people are normal and part of the long history of humanity that stretches across continents and through time. While they never make up a large part of any single community, they are found in virtually all communities. In the United States there are somewhere between 10 and 15 million adults who identify as transgender, nonbinary, or gender nonconforming. That's just under 4 percent of the adult American population. Despite their relatively low numbers, these Americans have found themselves in the political crosshairs, facing denial of rights and being the target of a misguided fight.

One reason for all the attacks against them has been widespread conflation of the words gender and sex, even by many experts. So-called gender-reveal parties, where an unborn child's sex is announced, are among the most common and glaring examples of this communal confusion. It is impossible to reveal the gender of an unborn child because they have no gender, only a sexual categorization.

The Trans Journalists Association style guide asks that we avoid the terms "biological sex," "biological gender," "biological woman," "biological female," "biological man," and "biological male" because they feel constricting and offensive to many in the LGBTQIA+ community. From a scientific perspective the terms "biological gender," "biological woman," and "biological man" make no sense and should never be used. However, the terms "sex," "female," and "male" are scientific and refer to objective biological traits. Those characteristics are, among mammals, determined at fertilization by the underlying chromosomal makeup. People are, with some exceptions, either male, inheriting an X chromosome from their mother and a Y chromosome from their father, or female, inheriting an X chromosome from their mother and an X chromosome from their father.

While sex does not exist on a full spectrum the way gender does, there are individuals who are born intersex, possessing different combinations and numbers of chromosomes (for instance X, XXX, XXY, XYY) and thus a mix of sex traits. As the anthropologist Agustín Fuentes of Princeton University recently said, "Of the 140 million babies born last year, at least 280,000 did not fit into a clear penis versus labia model of sex determination." That means about 0.2 percent of all babies born are intersex in the strict medical sense of the word. But according to the Intersex Society of North America, "a lot more people than that are born with subtler forms of sex anatomy variations, some of which won't show up until later in life." Even with those individuals added in, the numbers are still low, about 1.7 percent of the overall population.

Aside from this group, if individuals have a typical developmental period in the womb and beyond, their chromosomes signal hormonal releases at critical periods, resulting in predominantly male or female features. Still, just over 5 million of the 140 million babies born last year will eventually identify as transgender, nonbinary, and other forms of gender nonconformity. This is because gender and sex are not the same. Gender develops over the lifetime of an individual, especially during their youth, and is a combination of their gender identity and their gender expression.

Gender identity is how individuals perceive themselves and what they call themselves, and it can be the same as or different from their sex. Gender expression is the external appearance of one's gender identity, usually conveyed through behavior, clothing, body characteristics, or voice, and may or may not conform to socially defined behaviors and characteristics typically associated with being either masculine or feminine. Generally speaking, when an individual's gender identity or gender expression does not match their sex, they are transgender. The whole thing, however, is nuanced. Gender is fluid and socially constructed, and it has biological underpinnings, but how it is expressed is determined by culture. It is natural and also uniquely human.

The Role of Culture

In every human population there are individuals whose gender identity doesn't match their assigned sex, and this causes some of those individuals to experience distress or anxiety, which psychiatrists refer to as gender dysphoria. Gender identification, along with stress over not fitting a mold, varies greatly across cultures, and it is not clear whether gender dysphoria is unique to Western cultures.

In non-Western cultures, the most common pattern seen is a third gender. Most Native American cultures in the eastern part of the United States have a third gender, and those who express that gender are seen as having "two spirits." Two-spirit individuals have special responsibilities around childbirth and are often considered to have a closer connection to spirits. They occasionally marry, carrying out the traditional role of a woman.

The Bugis of Indonesia recognize five different genders: oroané (identified with their assigned gender as men), makkunrai (identified with their assigned gender as women), calabai (transgender women), calalai (transgender men), and bissu (half male and half female). Bissu are sometimes born with ambiguous genitalia, making them intersex, but this is not always the case. Bissu are thought of as being externally male but internally female; that is, they physically present as male but have the thoughts and feelings, or the spirit, of a female. They typically serve as shamans with special connection to the gods.

To further complicate things, attitudes toward gender norms and gender expression change over time. For example, when I was young, earrings were seen as an expression of femininity, and the only acceptable way for heterosexual men to wear them was as a single stud in the left ear. Today earrings of varying type and size are common in both ears of people of all genders.

On a Spectrum

Expressions of gender often correlate with an individual's sex, but not necessarily. Cross-cultural and other research makes it clear that human sexuality (whom one is attracted to) has biological underpinnings, is fluid in nature, and exists on a spectrum. Gender expression develops after sexuality and can shift over time and context.

The presence of same-sex relations in nonhuman animals, from dolphins and garter snakes to lions and our closet living relatives, the chimpanzees and bonobos, demonstrates that varying sexualities are embedded in nature. While same-sex relations are largely formulaic among chimpanzees, bonobos' sexual lives are almost as varied as ours. Both sexes and all ages regularly engage in same-sex relations, and these behaviors have very little, if anything, to do with reproduction. They occur in multiple contexts, between pairs or in groups of individuals, with little regard to age or rank, although they most often serve to reduce tension.

Over the last decade, we've seen an explosion of new definitions of types of human sexuality and gender expression, especially in the United States. No longer are people seen as just straight, bisexual, or gay. Great efforts have been made to establish more accurate definitions of how people actually experience sexuality. From pansexuality, defined as sexual, romantic, or emotional attraction to people regardless of their sex or gender identity, to asexuality, the lack of sexual attraction to others, we now have labels for nearly every type of sexuality humans experience.

When It Comes to Our Kids

One problem we face is the tendency to categorize young people who are not even sexually active. In many hunter-gatherer and pastoral societies, children are neither labeled as nor expected to identify with a particular gender or sexuality. Instead they are seen as young people who are finding their way in the world, and sexually oriented play is part of that process. Among the Ache people of Paraguay, young boys and girls often play in mixed-sex groups, where they learn who they are attracted to and how they fit into the larger society. Similarly, among the BaYaka of the Congo, boys and girls are given latitude in how they express their sense of sexuality until they get closer to adulthood.

In her important, wide-ranging review of sexual development among children across cultures, the anthropologist Suzanne Frayser has emphasized the developmental normalcy of sexual play, including showing one's body parts and viewing or touching someone else's, in non-Western societies. Postindustrial societies like the United States, meanwhile, have all but erased shared sexual play from the experience of the young. But even without sexual play, gender identity often comes through, sometimes provoking anxiety in families. Parents who are less accepting may attempt to suppress gender expression when their children veer from the norm. Those more attuned to the psychology of sexuality and gender let children be children for as long as possible, without imposing labels and definitions best suited for adults.

How should parents react? Science can offer guidance here too. Research has shown that acceptance and support of young people who identify as gay or transgender or have another non-heterosexual or non-cisgender identity reduces the chance they will become suicidal. The effects are especially strong when the acceptance and support come from peers, parents, and other adults in their lives.

Acceptance of a person's sexuality and gender identity requires at least some acknowledgment that they are natural and real. And that's the problem we have in America: a fundamental misunderstanding and misrepresentation of sex, gender, and sexuality, opening the door for attacks on transgender, nonbinary, and gender-nonconforming individuals and groups.

It's worth repeating:

· Sex is a biological trait that, in mammals, is set at fertilization.

· Sexuality has biological underpinnings, is fluid in nature, and exists on a spectrum.

· Gender is a uniquely human, cultural trait with biological underpinnings that may or may not resemble an individual's sex.

May 26, 2022

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sex, Gender, and Sexuality: What the Science Says

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
There is a culture war raging in pockets of America centered on gender, sexuality, and self-determination. Some media pundits make it sound as if we are in the midst of a pandemic of transgender, nonbinary, and other gender-nonconforming people invading our communities and threatening the young.

# data[].attributes.body
It is important to know what is going on around the world as I can be aware of current events that allows me to make educated decisions in various aspects of life, such as jobs or choosing where to live. I can also know more about the news which improves my ability to analyse information just so that there is more different perspectives and differentiate facts from opinions.

# data[].attributes.body
Food waste

# data[].attributes.body
link: https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/childrens-rights/cyberbullying-human-rights-and-bystanders-0#:~:text=Other%20useful%20resources-,What%20are%20the%20impacts%20of%20cyberbullying%3F,social%20isolation%20and%20feel%20unsafe.

I LEARNED THAT THE VICTIMS MIGHT FEEL STRESS OR ANXIETY .THE MIGHT ALSO KILL THEMSELF BECAUSE OF FELLING VERY STRESSED

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Cyberbullying, Human rights and bystanders

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Cyberbullying can be detrimental to a person’s mental and physical health. Victims can experience significant social isolation and feel unsafe. It can lead to emotional and physical harm, loss of self-esteem, feelings of shame and anxiety, concentration and learning difficulties. Incidents of young people committing suicide have also occurred.

# data[].attributes.body
deforestsation

# data[].attributes.body
it is important because it gives us access to global information

# data[].attributes.body
Discrimination BIAS [race,gender,disability]

# data[].attributes.body
i think it is important to know what is going on in the world because the whole point of news is to provide us with the information to make decisions about our lives, communities ,societies and government.

# data[].attributes.body
BTW I chose deforestation

# data[].attributes.body
I think it is important to know what is going on the world as if there is an earthquake around us and the it might hit us before we evacuate.

# data[].attributes.body
yik shun

# data[].attributes.body
I think it is more important as it lets us stay knowledge about the recent things happening around the global.

# data[].attributes.body
food waste article

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
One-third of all food produced globally by weight is lost or wasted between farm and fork - that's more than 1 billion tonnes. Converted into calories, this equates to 24% of the world's food supply going uneaten. At the same time, 1 in 10 people globally remain malnourished.

This scale of food loss and waste harms not only human health and nutrition but also economies and the environment. Wasted food takes a major financial toll, costing the global economy more than $1 trillion every year. It also fuels climate change, accounting for approximately 8%-10% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

And if current trends persist, food loss and waste will double by 2050.

Here, we delve into the scope of this challenge and the global benefits of reducing food loss and waste, as well as solutions at the individual, local and national levels.

What Causes Food Loss and Waste?

While food loss and food waste are often talked about together, these terms encompass different issues throughout the food system. Food loss refers to loss at or near the farm and in the supply chain, for example, during harvesting, storage or transport. Food waste occurs at the retail level, in hospitality and in households.

Food loss and waste are caused by a wide range of issues, from technological challenges to consumer behaviors. Some common drivers of food loss include:

Inadequate technology: Poor infrastructure, such as roads that flood or are hard to travel consistently, can prevent food from making it from farm to table. Lack of cold storage is another major concern for ensuring food can arrive fresh to markets. Farmers may also struggle with inadequate equipment such as old or inefficient machinery that makes it difficult to harvest all of a crop.

Suboptimal packaging: How foods are packaged can make a big difference in the length of time they stay safe to eat. Many people are justly concerned about the environmental impacts of excessive packaging, but it's important to remember that correct packaging can help foods stay fresher for longer, thereby reducing spoilage and the associated methane emissions that result from wasted food. An underappreciated fact is that the environmental impact of wasted food is greater than that of packaging waste. So, while it's important to limit this waste, it's also important to use correct packaging to reduce food spoilage.

Some common reasons for food waste include:

Poor food management: Examples include insufficient skills and knowledge among staff who prepare food, which can lead to unnecessary waste during cooking, and inflexible procurement requirements such as retailers only stocking perfect-looking produce or not accepting a farmer's oversupply of crop. Food waste can also occur when retailers and food providers do not adequately forecast and plan for demand to meet supply (or vice versa).

Consumer behaviors: Households account for the majority of food wasted at the consumer and retail level. This often results from a lack of awareness of the scale of the issue and insufficient education about how to properly use up and store food at home. Food waste also stems from norms and attitudes that say wasting food is normal, as well as concerns about possible risks of eating food past its sell-by or use-by date label.

There used to be a view that food waste, which happens at the consumer level, tended to be more of a developed country problem while food loss, which can arise from issues in farming and supply chains, was a greater problem in developing countries. But recent research has shown this isn't true.

Work by the UN Environment Programme shows that food waste occurs at roughly the same level in middle-income countries as in high-income countries. Good-quality data is still limited, but there is a reasonable amount of information to back up this conclusion. Similarly, recent work by the World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) concluded that food loss on farms is a problem in high-income countries as well as middle- and lower-income countries. These recent studies show that both issues must be addressed on a global scale.

The Global Benefits of Reducing Food Loss and Waste

The UN's Sustainable Development Goals include a call to halve food waste and reduce food losses by 2030 for good reason. Reducing food loss and waste generates benefits for economies, for businesses and consumers, for human health and for the environment.

Improved global nutrition and food security

Reducing food loss and waste can play a big role in providing a healthy, nutritious diet to a growing global population. Not only does one third of all food produced by volume go uneaten, but perishable foods with higher nutritional value, such as fruit and vegetables, are particularly prone to loss and waste: More than 40% of produce by weight is lost or wasted worldwide each year. Ensuring more of the global food supply is used to feed people, rather than perishing or ending up in landfills, is an important strategy for addressing hunger in a world where hundreds of millions still face malnutrition.

Reduced greenhouse gas emissions

Project Drawdown has listed reducing food loss and waste as the single-best strategy for reducing emissions and fighting the climate crisis. Because up to 10% of global emissions result from food loss and waste, it's simply not possible to achieve the Paris Agreement's goal to stay within 1.5-2 degrees C (2.7-3.6 degrees F) of warming without tackling this issue.

Emissions from food loss and waste result from the energy and inputs used to produce food that's ultimately not consumed, as well as the methane that's emitted when food rots in fields or landfills. Although shorter lived than carbon dioxide, methane is an especially potent greenhouse gas with over 80 times the warming power of CO2. By reducing food loss and waste, we avoid its associated planet-warming emissions.

Improving existing food systems will also help the world feed more people without expanding cultivated areas. Agricultural expansion is a major driver of greenhouse gas emissions and often results in deforestation, which releases stored carbon dioxide and lowers the land's carbon storage capacity. In addition, increasing the efficiency of food production could potentially liberate agricultural land for reforestation, an important way to remove carbon from the atmosphere.

WRI has identified alleviating land use pressures - through efforts like reducing the need to produce more food to compensate for loss and waste - as a key strategy to address the global land squeeze.

Financial savings for businesses and consumers and increased financial security for farmers

Reducing consumer food waste by even 20%-25% by 2030 could save the world an estimated $120-$300 billion per year. These savings play out on an individual level as well as a systemic one; by consuming more of what they purchase, households can reduce their overall spending on food. Eliminating avoidable food waste would save the average family in the United Kingdom more than £700 ($870) each year, while in the United States, the average family would save approximately $1,800.

Reducing food losses - especially post-harvest losses, including food that's grown but never makes it to market - will also improve farmers' incomes.

Without the resources to buy up-to-date equipment, many farmers must rely on manual approaches or old, broken equipment that limits their potential yields. Targeted loans and financing can help these farmers buy better equipment, allowing them to harvest more and better-quality crops in a shorter amount of time. The efficiency savings may then lead to higher income. In addition, many smallholder farmers are women who would especially benefit from access to finance and new equipment; reduced food losses could mean they are better positioned to feed, educate and care for their families.

How to Reduce Food Loss and Waste at a Systemic Level

Because food loss and waste happen at every stage of the supply chain, everyone has a vital role to play in addressing this issue.

Households

Households can reduce food waste by focusing on smart shopping and food storage. Some strategies include writing a shopping list, planning meals so that when you go shopping you know what and how much you need, understanding the difference between use-by and best-by date labels, making sure your fridge is set to the optimal temperature, understanding how best to store different foods and making the most of your freezer for leftovers.

Restaurants

Restaurants can reduce food waste by monitoring and managing food usage and ordering. Strategies include measuring food waste in the kitchen to understand what foods are being wasted and designing a fix, engaging staff to understand the importance of minimizing waste, avoiding super-sized portions, and focusing on a smaller range of menu offerings in order to better forecast supply ordering.

In September 2022, Ingka Group, IKEA's largest retailer, became the world's first major company to cut food waste in half, having done so across all its IKEA restaurants in 32 markets. Such savings can also bring financial benefits for restaurants, with the average restaurant examined in a Champions 12.3 study saving $7 for every $1 invested in programs to combat food waste.

Retailers

Retailers can reduce food waste by improving stocking and food handling practices. Strategies include measuring the amounts and types of food being wasted to identify hotspots that can be reduced; training staff in temperature management, product handling and stock rotation; accepting less-than-perfect looking produce; and educating customers about better food management - for example, how to meal plan and understand date labels, and tips for safe food handling at home.

Many retailers in the UK now include storage advice on food packs (such as "Store in the fridge") and give customers menu cards with ideas for cooking the produce or foods they purchase. Some are also removing "Best before" date labels from fruit and vegetables, which can help consumers avoid throwing away food that is still perfectly edible. Retailers are explicitly telling customers that these measures are intended to reduce waste and encouraging people to use their senses to tell if food is still good to eat.

Food producers

Farmers, ranchers and fishers can reduce food losses by improving farming practices; for example, by ensuring produce is harvested at the right maturity and using appropriate harvesting equipment to maximize yield while minimizing crop damage. They can also improve their skills or use tools to better schedule harvesting, including accessing better data on weather via new apps like Mausam (which is published by India's Ministry of Earth Sciences). And they can engage customers such as wholesale retailers to communicate implications of order changes.

Food distributers

Packing, storage and distribution facilities can reduce food loss and waste by re-examining handling, storage and transportation to ensure adoption of best practices and reduce damage. They can also use technological interventions to optimize the transport of food, and work upstream with customers to provide planning tools and handling and storage technologies that help them reduce losses.

For example, bar coding is being used to track food's transportation journey, so managers can know where a product has been, for how long, and in what temperatures and conditions. This allows retailers to more accurately label and handle food to maximize shelf life, while also providing traceability in the event of a recall.

Processors and manufacturers

Processors and manufacturers can reduce food loss and waste by implementing technical solutions in the supply chain. Strategies include improving training to reduce technical malfunctions and errors during processing, reengineering production processes and product design to reduce waste, using product sizes and packaging that reduce waste by consumers and standardizing date labels to reduce confusion.

Governments and policymakers

Governments and policymakers can reduce food loss and waste through educational programs, policies and financial incentives that support more efficient food production and distribution. For example, they can embed food loss awareness, technical assistance and financial aid into agricultural extension services and farmer subsidy programs.

Governments can also promote policies to prevent unfair trading practices (such as last-minute order cancellations and unilateral or retroactive changes to contracts); remove barriers to food redistribution via policies such as liability limitations and tax breaks, which make it easier for food suppliers to donate safe but unsold food to charities or those in need; and support policies to standardize food date labelling practices to reduce confusion about product safety and quality and improve consumer understanding of the meaning of date labels. Finally, governments can make measurement and reporting of food loss and waste by large companies mandatory to facilitate benchmarking, transparency and learning.
Learn more about WRI's work Fighting Food Loss and Waste.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Global Benefits of Reducing Food Loss and Waste, and How to Do It

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
One-third of all food produced globally by weight is lost or wasted between farm and fork - that's more than 1 billion tonnes. Converted into calories, this equates to 24% of the world's food supply going uneaten. At the same time, 1 in 10 people globally remain malnourished.

# data[].attributes.body
deforestation

# data[].attributes.body
I choose bullying or online harassment.

# data[].attributes.body
I think it is important to know what is going on in the world as it helps us understand around the prohibited overseas world and all the deforestation like amazon rainforest. Do listen to the news everyday to make your understanding around the world stronger before visiting the country

# data[].attributes.body
deforestation.

# data[].attributes.body
Bullying:

A new study led by a National Institute of Education (NIE) researcher has found about one in four students in primary school experienced bullying, with a small number saying they were also bullies themselves.

Researchers also found that victims usually approached their friends or classmates and parents first, before going to their teachers or counsellors.

sources:1 in 4 upper primary school students have been bullied: Singapore study

# data[].attributes.body
Bullying

# data[].attributes.body
Digital Awareness all around the country

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
limited access to arts and sports programme

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/forum/forum-show-support-for-more-inclusivity-in-arts-and-sports

having learnt that students as well as childrens should not only be focused only in studies and should express themselves by their talent which can be arts or sports .these days there many opportunity to participate in competition and all schools in Singapore has cca (co curriculum activites.)

# data[].attributes.body
Child labor is a serious issue around the world especially in Somalia,Ethiopia and Haiti.

Child labour effects children in those specific countries-Somalia,Ethiopia and Haiti.It will severely effect the children because they will not have proper education, food to eat and even love and care.

# data[].attributes.body
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/deforestation/

Deforestation can result in more carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere. That is because trees take in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis, and carbon is locked chemically in their wood. Therefore, I learnt that when deforestation occurs, it disrupts the natural carbon cycle and can lead to a increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

# data[].attributes.body
discrimination and bias (e.g, race, gender, disability)

# data[].attributes.body
link: https://www.security.org/resources/cyberbullying-facts-statistics/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
When most adults picture bullying, we think about something that might go on during recess or lunch. Maybe one student pushes another in the hallway, or a group of kids teases a perceived "outsider." Whatever form it took, the bullying of our youth was usually easy to spot. However, young people today are increasingly dealing with a different kind of bullying that isn't so easy to see. The time teens are spending on digital devices has given rise to cyberbullying. Especially with national stay-at-home orders due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as kids spend more time online, they're more likely to fall victim to cyberbullying.

Table of Contents

What is Cyberbullying?

Cyberbullying is bullying that happens through digital devices such as phones or computers. It often happens over social media, text, email, instant messages, and gaming. Cyberbullying often takes the form of sending or sharing harmful or mean content about someone to embarrass them. Sometimes this content is shared anonymously, making cyberbullying feel even more threatening.

Numbers around cyberbullying can vary since there are different interpretations on exactly what it is, and studies rely on self-reporting. For a better understanding of the problem cyberbullying is for young people today, consider the following statistics:

Increased screen time

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, people around the world, including kids, are spending 20 percent more time on social media than they were pre-pandemic.

71 percent of U.S. parents with a child age 11 or younger are concerned that their child might spend too much time in front of screens, according to the Pew Research Center.

70 percent of parents estimated that their kids spend at least four hours a day with screens. Before the pandemic, 60 percent of parents estimated that their kids spent three hours or less in front of screens.

Prevalence of Cyberbullying

According to our cyberbullying research, in which we studied parents of kids between the ages of 10 and 18, 21 percent of children have been cyberbullied.

56 percent of these reports occurred from January to July 2020. We believe this increase correlates with the increased time spent online during COVID-19 lockdowns.

As of January 2020, 44 percent of all internet users in the U.S. said they have experienced online harassment. The most prevalent type of online harassment was offensive name-calling, making up 37 percent of all instances.

Higher Risk

Of all the social networks, kids on YouTube are the most likely to be cyberbullied at 79 percent, followed by Snapchat at 69 percent, TikTok at 64 percent, and Facebook at 49 percent.

We also found that, as a child's age increased, so did the likelihood of cyberbullying. As the child aged in two-year intervals between the ages of 10 and 18, their likelihood of being cyberbullied increased by 2 percent.

Children from households with annual incomes of under $75,000 were twice as likely to be cyberbullied than kids from houses with annual incomes of over $75,000 (22 versus 11 percent).

Cyberbullying Impacts

Over half of teens felt angry after being cyberbullied, about a third felt hurt, and nearly 15 percent felt scared.

Two-thirds of tween victims of cyberbullying said that it had a negative impact on how they felt about themselves.

Nearly a third of tween cyberbullying victims said the incidents affected their friendships, while 13 percent said it affected their physical health.

Taking Action

The most effective way to prevent cyberbullying, teens say, is to block the bully, according to the National Crime Prevention Council.

Out of teenage cyberbullying victims:

36 percent asked the bully to stop cyberbullying them.

34 percent blocked all communication with the bully.

29 percent did nothing.

11 percent talked to their parents about the incidents.

Almost two-thirds of tweens said that they tried to help someone who was being bullied online, and 30 percent had tried to help multiple times, according to the Cyberbullying Research Center.

As teens and young adults spend more of their time online, cyberbullying has become a major issue. The fact that perpetrators hide behind screens does not make the effects of cyberbullying any less damaging to those involved. Teens themselves agree that cyberbullying is a major problem but do not feel like those in charge are doing enough to address it. Anti-bullying organizations and campaigns aim to educate and empower people to prevent and handle cyberbullying, but the overall feeling from today's youth is that social media companies and our elected officials should do more to prevent cyberbullying and protect kids online. For more information on how to prevent and handle cyberbullying, check out our cyberbullying resources.

Sources:

1. Statista. (2020). Increased time spent on media consumption due to the coronavirus outbreak among internet users worldwide as of March 2020, by country. statista.com/statistics/1106766/media-consumption-growth-coronavirus-worldwide-by-country/

2. Pew Research Center. (2020). Parenting Children in the Age of Screens. pewresearch.org/internet/2020/07/28/parenting-children-in-the-age-of-screens/

3. Security.org. (2022). The Best VPN of 2022. security.org/vpn/best/

4. Morning Consult. (2020). YouTube, Netflix and Gaming: A Look at What Kids Are Doing With Their Increased Screen Time. morningconsult.com/2020/08/20/youtube-netflix-and-gaming-a-look-at-what-kids-are-doing-with-their-increased-screen-time/

5. Statista. (2021). U.S. internet users who have experienced cyber bullying 2020. statista.com/statistics/333942/us-internet-online-harassment-severity/

6. Security.org. (2022). The Best Identity Theft Protection Services of 2022. security.org/identity-theft/best/

7. National Crime Prevention Council. (2021). Stop Cyberbullying Before it Starts. archive.ncpc.org/resources/files/pdf/bullying/cyberbullying.pdf

8. Cyberbullying Research Center. (2021). Tween Cyberbullying in 2020. i.cartoonnetwork.com/stop-bullying/pdfs/CN_Stop_Bullying_Cyber_Bullying_Report_9.30.20.pdf

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Cyberbullying: Twenty Crucial Statistics for 2022 - Security.org

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
When most adults picture bullying, we think about something that might go on during recess or lunch. Maybe one student pushes another in the hallway, or a group of kids teases a perceived "outsider." Whatever form it took, the bullying of our youth was usually easy to spot.

# data[].attributes.body
i chose deforestation

# data[].attributes.body
It is important to know what is happening in the world because it could help with travelling. We could find out if there is any problem or a new deadly disease in the neighboring country that you are traveling to. It could also sometimes save your live.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
China in contact with WHO on respiratory diseases, foreign ministry says

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Beijing says the HMPV is not a new virus and has been circulating in humans for more than 60 years. Read more at straitstimes.com. Read more at straitstimes.com.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/plastic-pollution

I learned that Plastic pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental issues.

It is due to increasing production of disposable plastic products overwhelms the world’s ability to deal with them.

I also learnt that Plastic pollution is most visible in developing Asian and African nations, where garbage collection systems are often inefficient or nonexistent.

# data[].attributes.body
link: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/deforestation

I learnt that we need trees for a variety of reasons, not least of which is that they absorb the carbon dioxide we exhale and the heat-trapping greenhouse gases that human activities emit. As those gases enter the atmosphere, global warming increases, a trend scientists now prefer to call climate change. Trees provide us with a multitude of environmental, social and economic benefits, and are an important foundation for a livable and sustainable city. we need trees to give wildlife homes and to protect some animals for predators.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Deforestation and Its Effect on the Planet

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Learn about the manmade and natural causes of deforestation–and how it’s impacting our planet.

# data[].attributes.body
Some common reasons for food waste include:

Poor food management: Examples include insufficient skills and knowledge among staff who prepare food, which can lead to unnecessary waste during cooking, and inflexible procurement requirements such as retailers only stocking perfect-looking produce or not accepting a farmer’s oversupply of crop. Food waste can also occur when retailers and food providers do not adequately forecast and plan for demand to meet supply (or vice versa).

Consumer behaviors: Households account for the majority of food wasted at the consumer and retail level. This often results from a lack of awareness of the scale of the issue and insufficient education about how to properly use up and store food at home. Food waste also stems from norms and attitudes that say wasting food is normal, as well as concerns about possible risks of eating food past its sell-by or use-by date label.

Fighting Food Loss and Waste

# data[].attributes.body
foodwaste

# data[].attributes.body
link: https://www.healthline.com/health-news/children-more-homework-means-more-stress-031114#:~:text=Research%20shows%20that%20some%20students%20regularly%20receive,may%20cause%20stress%20and%20negative%20health%20effects.&text=In%202013%2C%20research%20conducted%20at%20Stanford%20University,in%20their%20lives%2C%20and%20alienation%20from%20society.

I learned that the percentage of family fights regarding homework double when parents don't have a college degree and seventy percent of students stresses over schoolwork.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Why Homework is Bad: Stress and Consequences

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Research shows that some students regularly receive higher amounts of homework than experts recommend, which may cause stress and negative health effects.

# data[].attributes.body
Education issues https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/students-anxiety-depression-lose-average-24-days-year-school-4632256 i learnt that students gone through depression because of schools homework and exams. this will cause them suicidal and risk there life and putting it in danger. And in this artical i found that 19 yearold Fitriah had also have this symptoms before she also admitted that she took 'mental health days'.

# data[].attributes.body
i chose deforestation https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/deforestation/ Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes around the world. About 2,000 years ago, 80 percent of Western Europe was forested; today the figure is 34 percent. this change is due various factors including historical land use practices like argi culture and timber extraction, as well as more recent pressures like industrialization

# data[].attributes.body
water polutoin

# data[].attributes.body
There are many solutions to stop food waste.

firstly, we can compost the leftovers instead of throwing it away as the leftover food scraps can compost and turn into nutrient-rich compost to enrich soil.

secondly, we can "eat ugly". " eating ugly" means eating edible food that looks "ugly" or food that looks weird but taste the same. For instance, an apple that was dropped many times, has a brown spot which looks weird but is still edible.

Lastly, we can donate leftover food that's not spoiled to food banks. Personally for me, i like to donate unspoiled food to food banks/ charity to help others and not waste good food.

In conclusion, there are many solutions to stop food waste.

# data[].attributes.body
water quality in Singapore

water in Singapore is very clean in Singapore is very clean. Even the tap water is very clean, there are still bacterills and chemicals in it

# data[].attributes.body
Dear audience,

I am Deborah Moh from GEYLANG METHODIST SCHOOL PRIMARY.I am writing this letter to suggest 2 solutions to gender inequality.

Firstly, we could make an article about sharing household responsibilities. For example, the men in the house could get half of the household responsibilities and the other half for the woman.This would not only make it fair to their spouse but it would also help keep the house organized.

lastly, we could give proper value to womans work as they work as hard as men does. This would be fair to womans who are working.

Thank you for reading this letter. I hope that u could use these solutions in the future to stop gender inequality.

Yours faithfully,

Deborah Moh

# data[].attributes.body
deforestation

# data[].attributes.body
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/food-waste

i learn that one third of food is being wasted

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Media Credits

The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited.

Director

Author

National Geographic Society

Production Managers

Program Specialists

other

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Food Waste | National Geographic Society

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Media Credits The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Director Author National Geographic Society Production Managers Program Specialists other

# data[].attributes.body
bullying or online harassment

# data[].attributes.body
I am Darren Chong from P6-3. I am writing this to suggest some ways to be more Aware in the Digital world

We can turn on VPN so that hackers or other website cannot identify our specific location

We can avoid untrusted sites or emails that claims big prizes. We should always do our research first

We also can avoid sites that request suspicious permissions (e.g turn on webcam)

Thank you for reading my types of different solutions. I hope you learn how to be more aware of digital such as electronic devices and websites

# data[].attributes.body
Dear president of Singapore,

I am Noah Liau from Geylang Methodist Primary School. I writing this email to talk to you about deforestation.

We need trees for a variety of reasons, not least of which is that they absorb the carbon dioxide we exhale and the heat-trapping greenhouse gases that human activities emit. Trees provide us with a multitude of environmental, social and economic benefits, and are an important foundation for a livable and sustainable city. we need trees to give wildlife homes and to protect some animals for predators.

Thank you for reading this email. I hope you would take action to this situation.

Yours faithfully,

Noah Liau

# data[].attributes.body
We can solve the rising depression rate of youths in Singapore by encouraging parents

to not pressure their children and give them more support. Do you know that in 2015 Singapore was named the country with highest depression rate in whole Asia?

Bing Videos

Yours Faithfully,

Li Zhen Wai

# data[].attributes.body
Citizens and communities are increasingly questioning the harmful costs of social media platforms structured on advertising-driven business models (Griffin, 2022). A growing body of research highlights the negative impact of social media on users’ mental health (see, e.g. Tandoc and Goh, 2023). However, a recent meta-analysis of studies found that its impact depends on how we use social media; it can both enhance or diminish our well-being (Kross et al., 2021). The Pew Research Center (2021, p. 1) found that ‘41% of Americans have personally experienced some form of online harassment [and] … there is evidence that online harassment has intensified’. Davidson et al. (2019, p. 34) report that ‘[s]ocial media platforms are the most common media for online harassment’. Some states and the European Commission have sought to update their laws and policies to respond to such abuse, harassment and cyberbullying. Similarly, employers have an enhanced duty of care as a result of online and digital abuse and harassment of employees, in addition to their existing commitments to staff associated with ‘traditional’ forms of violence, harassment and abuse.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Verifying you are human. This may take a few seconds.

# data[].attributes.body
nearly 42% of kids have been bullied online.https://www.annapolis.gov/908/Facts-About-Cyberbullying

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Read through some facts about cyberbullying.

# data[].attributes.body
Food waste that is improperly managed may give rise to odour nuisance issues and even vermin proliferation. Food waste may also contaminate other recyclables in the blue recycling bins and end up compromising the recycling outcomes (dirty recyclables are usually of little value to recycle). Therefore, there is a need to manage food waste holistically. Reducing food wastage, redistributing unsold or excess food, and valorising/treating food waste are important components of our national waste management strategies to work towards Singapore becoming a Zero Waste Nation. The diagram below shows Singapore’s food waste management hierarchy that prioritises the prevention of food waste from being generated.Food Waste Management - Singapore

NEA

https://www.nea.gov.sg › our-services › food-waste-ma...

# data[].attributes.body
Dear Audience,

My name is Valeise Seah. I am writing this letter to offer two solutions to prevent deforestation.

Firstly, reforestation. We can plant more trees to restore forests that have been destroyed.

Lastly, minimize paper consumption. Since paper comes from trees, we can use lesser paper so that we do not have to cut down more trees to produce more paper.

Thank you for taking your time to read this letter. I hope you now know at least two ways to prevent deforestation.

Yours sincerely,

Valeise

# data[].attributes.body
Dear Audience,

I am Binhuan from class 6-3. I am writing this board to suggest some ways to solve bullying or online harassment.

There are 2 ways that we can solve bullying. Intervene: If you witness bullying, step in and separate the individuals involved. Encourage bystanders to support the victim.

Establish Connections: Build relationships with children and encourage them to connect with peers to foster a supportive environment.

I hope you people now understand and know what to do to solve bullying.

yours sincerely,

Binhuan

# data[].attributes.body
dear society,

I am Chong Wen Xuan from Geylang methodist school primary and i am writing this letter to tell u how to solve your suicidal symptoms

instead of keeping your bad feelings and thoughts in your head you should tell a trusted adult so they will solve your problem.

if you do not want to tell the adults because your afraid you can call TINKLE FRIEND!

Thank you all for reding this letter, i hope that after reading this letter i hope that your bad suicidel thoughts are over.

your sincerely,

Chong WenXuan

# data[].attributes.body
changing to bullying

# data[].attributes.body
deforestation is a big issue in our lives today. to stop deforestation here are some solutions

Firstly, planting any type of plant would help with deforestation as it would get rid of more carbon footprint in our surroundings.

Secondly, purchasing sustainable goods also helps with deforestation as sustainable goods don't cause harm socially, economically, or environmentally throughout their life cycle.

lastly, avoiding purchase of products with unsustainable palm oil also helps choose those with RSPO-certified palm oil as they meet global standards.

lastly,

# data[].attributes.body
dear society,

i am hazel tan from gmsp class 6-3, i am writing this email to the world to show methods of how we can raise awareness.

we can raise awareness around the whole world with small trends posted on any social media platform.

firstly, raising awareness with small trends may lead to another person doing it, the other persons friends might see the video and do the trend. the friend's friend's friend might see the video and do the trend as well. like a small kindness goes a long way-when one person helps out in a trend, the cycle continues.

secondly, posting small trends on social media is sensitive to go viral as social media is also like a cycle that continues-if one person sends the video to their friends, the friends might send it to their friends.

lastly, once a big figure in this world sees the video, the big figure might help out with the trend. which will change the goverenments perspective.

# data[].attributes.body
dear government,

my name is See Le En. i am writing this letter to offer two solutions to prevent deforestation.

Firstly, recycle. we can recycle used paper and carboard to prevent deforestation.

Secondly, reforestation. we can plant more trees to have new forests that have been destroyed.

Lastly, eats sustainably. we can choose sustaible food by eating less meat.

Thank you for taking your time to read this letter. i hope u know now the two ways on how to prevent deforestation.

Yours sincerely,

Le En.

# data[].attributes.body
discrimination and bias

# data[].attributes.body
we must save our natural resource and not pollute our rivers, sea and ocean. Now, Singapore depends on Malaysia for drinking water. One day, Malaysia may not provide Singapore drinking water, Singapore needs to depend on ourself

# data[].attributes.body
Link:

https://africarenewal.un.org/en#:~:text=Unlike%20other%20materials%2C%20plastic%20does,can%20cause%20serious%20health%20impacts.

# data[].attributes.body
bullying should not be taken as a joke

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
‘Bullying is real’: Mum calls for greater awareness after daughter, 15, struggled with depression & took her life

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
“But if you could see her, before depression and after depression, you can see the mark, the difference. She used to be very joyful.”

# data[].attributes.body
Dear government

i am Yugavarathan Aashinia from Geylang Methodist Primary School.I am writing this letter how we can solve the issue that students has limited access to arts and sports

Firstly,students should be encouraged by parents to express themselves by their talent

parents should be the ones supporting their child.

Secondly students should have the opportunity to participate in co curriculum activites and not always be focused on studies as they will so bored.in a nut shell students should participate in cca s

Thank you for reading this letter.i hope you consider my request

Regards,

Yugavarathan Aashinia

# data[].attributes.body
take a snapshot of what they say as evidence and tell a trusted adult