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Definition:

Teaching students in both their native language and English

Proportions of language usage in instruction can vary

Some programs use both languages equally

Some programs use the students' native language just enough to transition smoothly into all-English instruction

(Bilingual vs. ESL: Key Insights and Differences, 2024)

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5-6 years

Separation of 2 languages of instruction

Focus on high cognitive demand in core academic curriculum

Collaborative learning!!

Teachers must be certified in Bilingual Education (in EC-6 or 4-8 generalist)

Teachers must also be fluent in primary language!!

(Burton, 2017)

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Also known as early-exit or late-exit programs

In most cases, students are "mainstreamed" after 2 years

Instruction is presented to the students in their native language first

Goal:

Transition to the mainstream classroom by using the English Language Learner's native language as a bridge to English literacy

(Burton, 2017)

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Two-Way:

Two language groups learn through two languages

One-Way:

Only one language group learns through two languages

Goal:

Biliteracy maintenance of the native language and the acquisition of the second language, while developing the new language without sacrificing the native language

(Burton, 2017)

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Entire class does a common activity.

Teacher leads students in process of writing about the activity.

The sentences that students write can then be shared to the class or used in follow up activities.

(Ferlazzo, 2021)

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(Steps and Benefits for ELL's by Valentina Gonzalez)

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Understand that ELL's come with their own skills and assets already

Helps lower student's anxiety levels and increases participation

Can be used across any grade level, language level, and content area!

(Ferlazzo, 2021)

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Provide a word bank, list of phrases, or pictures to assist students with writing one or several sentences in structuring paragraphs.

Helps students develop their writing and speaking skills

(Ferlazzo, 2021)

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"Speaking in a way that students are able to understand what is being said even when they do not know or understand all of the words being stated" (Garcia, 2021)

Speak slowly and enunciate clearly

Avoid figurative language and idioms

Use gestures & total physical response

(Ferlazzo, 2021)

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Card Talk- Teaching Languages with Comprehensible Input

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Promotes proficiency in oral expression and comprehension

Steps:

1. Teacher models how to identify main ideas in a text

2. Students pair up with 1 partner to talk with and identify key ideas in a text to generate a summary

3. The pair then is asked to edit their final summaries for meaning, language, and word choice

(Ferlazzo, 2021)

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Build relationships with your students' families by getting to know their language, culture, and interests. This helps tremendously in ensuring that you can create a classroom environment that feels inclusive and inviting to the student. It also ensures that families know their child is truly cared for and encourages parents to maintain a stronger engagement in their child's education.

(Breiseth, 2023)

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This is a personal example that I have experienced in school. In 6th grade, we had a multicultural club at my school. We met every other Thursday, and it was an amazing experience. Essentially, we would have one student and their parent volunteer to teach the club about their heritage and culture. I remember we had families from Germany, Spain, Ireland, and more. It not only got the parents excited and involved, but the students also got to learn about and experience a brand new culture.

(Breiseth, 2023)

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Encourage families to maintain their home language

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Encourage families to maintain their home language

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Make sure parents understand that it is so important to speak their native language at home with their children. It helps the student tremendously in maintaining their heritage and identity.

(Breiseth, 2023)

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Importance of Students’ Home Languages (First Languages)

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Families need to be informed when students are struggling. Ideally, you already have a good relationship with parents established. Information regarding a child should be given to the parents in their language that they comprehend best. It is so crucial to keep parents informed on their child's progress to keep them engaged in their child's education.

(Breiseth, 2023)

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Bilingual vs. ESL: Key Insights and Differences. (2024, June 28). 5 Minute English. https://5minuteenglish.com/education/bilingual-vs-esl/

Breiseth, L. (2023, March 30). 10 ways schools can partner with multilingual families around literacy. Www.colorincolorado.org. https://www.colorincolorado.org/article/10-ways-schools-can-partner-multilingual-families-around-literacy

Burton, R. (2017, November 6). Bilingual and English as a Second Language Models. Prezi.com. https://prezi.com/ly02lsg7nr0w/bilingual-and-english-as-a-second-language-models/?token=e02d6f52b0acf4285705582bfd1f6c20315ee927cac98b4f405851a7cf748160&utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy

Ferlazzo, L. (2021, June 26). The Six Most Effective Instructional Strategies for ELLs—According to Teachers. Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/opinion-the-six-most-effective-instructional-strategies-for-ells-according-to-teachers/2021/06