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Hibiscus sabdariffa or roselle or Karkedeh tea is consumed by the Sudanese people not just as a refreshing drink but also as herbal medicine. "Karkade" is traditionally prepared as a tea and consumed to treat digestive issues, act as a natural diuretic, and provide antiseptic properties for urinary tract health. Hibiscus tea is believed to help lower high blood pressure and boost the immune system, making it a remedy for colds and flu. It is also rich in antioxidants, which support overall health and protect against free radical damage. Beyond its medicinal uses, karkade is a popular beverage in Sudan, enjoyed for its refreshing taste and cultural significance (Mohamed et al., 2012).

Mohamed, B., Sulaiman, A., & Dahab, A. (2012). Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Sudan, Cultivation and Their Uses. https://bepls.com/may2012/10.pdf

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For me, crucial aspect of the competency standard framework was standard 1.1 respond sensitively and without assumptions to the diversity of individuals characteristics and social determinants of health. I understand the significance of provision of care responding to the needs of all in the community including people from migrant and refugee backgrounds without discrimination. I have learned the importance of recognising cultural, linguistic, and social need to ensure a safe and respectful environment for patients from migrant and refugee backgrounds. I feel clear communication, active listening and having interpreters when needed fosters trust and enhances patient engagement promoting holistic care. By applying this standard, I aim to provide inclusive, patient-centred care that respects everyone's cultural beliefs and values.

(COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK for CLINICIANS, 2019)

Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. (2019).

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(Escaping Sudan: Story of Survival, n.d.)

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Sudanese refugees in Australia often experience poor health outcomes in general due to language barriers, cultural differences, institutional discrimination, and limited resource access (WHO, 2022). They are frequently excluded from mainstream services and underrepresented in developing culturally sensitive policies. Despite these challenges, Australia continues to welcome many Sudanese refugees, who have established a growing community. Adapting to Australian society involves adjusting to different cultural norms and social structures. However, South Sudanese refugees show remarkable resilience and adaptability, contributing significantly to their new communities despite their challenging journeys.

Sabitra Kaphle, Fanany, R., Kelly, J., Rawal, L., & Grish Paudel. (2024). Living at the Fence – Navigating Complexities While Settling in New Country: Lived Experiences of South Sudanese Refugees in Australia. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2024.2307947

World Health Organization. (2022, July 20). World report on the health of refugees and migrants. Www.who.int. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240054462

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Common health issues and concerns of Sudanese refugees  

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Common health issues and concerns of Sudanese refugees  

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Sudan has experienced major famines from war and long periods of drought which resulted in almost 2 million deaths and 4 million displaced people. These life threating situations have led to large number of Sudanese refugees seeking refuge to safer countries (Queensland health multicultural services, 2011). Sudanese refugees in Australia often experience high levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. However, many are concerned with current stressors like family issues, employment, housing, and transport than with past trauma. recommendations for mental health support include post-arrival health screenings should include emotional and mental health assessments, though concerns may surface later as trust builds. Avoid asking directly about torture or trauma initially but assess potential psychological impacts. For those with evident mental health issues, evaluate suicide risk, functional impairment, and child development, considering parents' mental health effects. (Mental Health» Australian Refugee Health, 2024)

Mental Health» Australian Refugee Health. (2024). Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/mental-health/

queensland health multicultural services. (2011). Community Profiles for Health Care Providers - Sudanese Australians.

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Although traditional Sudanese attire varies by area and culture, it often consists of certain essential items:

A toub is a long, flowing garment that is worn by both sexes. Made of linen or cotton and consists of block printing, beading, or embroidery.

Jalabiya: A long, loose robe worn by males that is often made of wool or cotton and has either a plain colour or elaborate pattern.

Tobe: A long, rectangular cloth that ladies wrap around their bodies and cover their heads with.

Men's long, ankle-length robes known as tawbs are usually coloured light or white and are frequently worn with a skullcap, or taqiyah.

Gandoura: A vibrant, embroidered women's garment or tunic.

These clothes' designs, materials, and embellishments preserve the regional, ethnic, and social identities as well as the wearers' individual tastes.

Abobaker Galaledin. (2023, April 8). Women’s and Men’s Clothing in Sudan. AKEM; AKEM. https://www.akem.org.tr/post/women-s-and-men-s-clothing-in-sudan

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The official language of Sudan is known to be Sudanese Arabic (WorldAtlas, 2017). However, there are various other languages spoken in Sudan such as:

Beja also known as Bedawi spoken by the native Beja community who reside along the Red Sea's western coast.

Hausa which is spoken by 80,000 inhabitants from the western community .

Nilo-Saharan languages spoken from southern parts of khartoum

Dinka spoken by the largest ethnic group in south sudan, the Dinka people which are broken down into 5 dialects.

English is recognised as the lingua franca in regions where Arabic is not spoken.

WorldAtlas. (2017, July 26). What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan? WorldAtlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html

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The food culture in Sudan is rooted in community, hospitality and tradition. Sudanese cuisine is influenced by African, Arabian and Middle Eastern culinary traditions.

A renowned Sudanese dish that symbolises hospitality and is enjoyed at gatherings is Kisra (Sudanese flatbread) made of sorghum/millet served with savory stew (joaoleitao, 2024).

Another Sudanese specialty is ground meat skewers called Kofta which is grilled to perfection and served with various flavourful dipping sauces.

joaoleitao. (2024, February 2). Food from Sudan: Discover the Richness of Sudanese Cuisine. RJ Travel LLC - Adventure Travel Agency & Tour Operator; Adventure Tours • Adventure Holidays • Adventure Tourism. https://www.rjtravelagency.com/food-from-sudan/