# data[].attributes.body
Estimating GHG Emissions from AI Use: Framework for Corporate-Level Measurement

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John Bistline, Shaena Ulissi, Steven J. Davis, Jonathan Glidden, James Joyce, Mo Li, Jackson Mohsenin, Sangwon Suh

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AI Emissions: Where They Come From and How to Manage Them

# data[].attributes.body
AI-driven productivity gains enable more CO₂ emissions than they avoid in a global energy–economy model

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Will Alpine, Nathan Geldner, Holly Alpine, Maksym G. Chepeliev 

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Environmental footprint of the digital world

- Third edition, 2025 - (English version)

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Louise Aubet, Sylvain Chery, Auban Derreumaux, Lorraine de Montenay, Brice Pasian, Anne Rabot

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AI and Sustainability: Shaping What’s Next

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Torsten Lichtenau, Wissam Yassine, Jean-Charles van den Branden, Martha Moreau, and Krystle Jiang

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GenAI in Organizations - global survey

# data[].attributes.body
AI Model Efficiency Selector

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https://gridsolver.wattcarbon.com/gridsolver

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https://github.com/Green-Software-Foundation/reference-implementations/tree/main/specifications/sci-for-ai

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PUCO rejects FirstEnergy bid to weaken reliability standards, allow outages to last longer

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MIT AI Risk. Repository

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Digital growth in a decarbonising world

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Framework for Sustainable AI Vendor Evaluation: AI Energy & Carbon Procurement

Questions

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We’re Measuring Data Center Sustainability Wrong: Current metrics optimize only 30% of IT emissions

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What people think building a sustainable internet involves vs what it might actually be

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State of corporate sustainability 2026: AI edition

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ECOS Web Audit

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AI is rewriting the sustainability playbook

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Practical Green Software Guide for Enterprises

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Stanford Center for Research on Foundation Models:

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Stanford Center for Research on Foundation Models:

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The Foundation Model Transparency Index

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The 2025 AI Index Report

and

Public Data: 2025 AI Index Report

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America’s AI Boom Is Running Into An Unplanned Water Problem

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Greening Digital Dashboard

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CODES (Coalition for Digital Environmental Sustainability)

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The Grid Isn't a Cluster: What Technologists Get Wrong About Energy

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Our contribution to a global environmental standard for AI

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How I think of decarbonising the energy used by datacentres on the grid

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Build a more sustainable marketing stack

# data[].attributes.body
Alliance Green IT

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Sustainability, a surprisingly successful KPI: GreenOps survey results

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The Real Story on AI’s Water Use–and How to Tackle It

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From Mexico to Ireland, Fury Mounts Over a Global AI Frenzy

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Paul Mozur, Adam Satariano, and Emiliano Rodríguez Mega

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We mapped the world’s hottest data centers

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The carbon and water footprints of data centers and what this could mean for artificial intelligence

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IT Sustainability Think Tank: How IT sustainability entered the mandate era during 2025

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Environmental Burden of United States Data Centers in the AI Era

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Gianluca Guidi, Francesca Dominici, Jonathan Gilmour, et.al.

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We did the math on AI’s energy footprint. Here’s the story you haven’t heard.

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Data centers for AI could nearly triple San Jose’s energy use. Who foots the bill?

# data[].attributes.body
Cloud Project Carbon Emission Simulator

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EcologITs Calculator and https://ecologits.ai/latest/

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Hourly Electrical Grid Monitor

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Data centers consume massive amounts of water – companies rarely tell the public exactly how much

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International Telecommunications Union & The World Bank:

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International Telecommunications Union & The World Bank:

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Measuring the Emissions & Energy Footprint

of the ICT Sector: Implications for Climate Action

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Seth Ayers, Sara Ballan, Vanessa Gray, Rosie McDonald

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ICT energy evolution: Telecom, data centers, and AI

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Daniel Paska, Nina Lövehagen, Ove Persson, Jens Malmodin

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University of Michigan Ford School of Science Technology and Public Policy: 

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University of Michigan Ford School of Science Technology and Public Policy: 

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What happens when data centers come to town?

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Schneider Electric Data Center Carbon Footprint Calculator

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Case study of measuring carbon emissions from Green Web Foundation's digital estate

Also: summary article

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National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates:

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National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates:

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Data Centers and Water Use

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Your AI Videos Use Way More Energy Than Chatbots. It's a Big Problem

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Best Practice Guidelines for Web Ecodesign

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Alexandre Theve, Althéa Chevalier, et.al.

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SUSTAINABLE DATA CENTERS ROADMAP

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David Sandalow, Colin McCormick, Julio Friedmann, Alexis Abramson, Eric Masanet, et.al.

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Ember Energy

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https://lowcarbonpower.org

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Data Centers and Their Energy Consumption:

Frequently Asked Questions

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HOW DOES GREENSPECTOR ROBUSTLY MEASURE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DIGITAL SERVICES ?

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Digital sobriety comparison of 3 direct messaging apps for business

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Opinion: Data centers must disclose how much water they’re consuming

# data[].attributes.body
Greening Digital Companies 2025: Monitoring emissions and climate commitments

# data[].attributes.body
Measuring the Emissions & Energy Footprint

of the ICT Sector

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Green AI agent

# data[].attributes.body
https://boavizta.org/en

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Growth of renewable energy heralds the rider of supercables

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How To Minimize The Environmental Impact Of Your Website

# data[].attributes.body
Green AI Position Paper

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See where data center construction is booming

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Inside The Secretive World Of America's AI Data Centers

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More than Carbon: Cradle-to-Grave environmental impacts of GenAI training on the Nvidia A100 GPU

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Sophia Falk, David Ekchajzer, Thibault Pirson, Etienne Lees-Perasso, Augustin Wattiez, Lisa Biber-Freudenberger, Sasha Luccioni, Aimee van Wynsberghe

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CarbonBrief

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The Environmental Impactsof AI - Policy Primer

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Sasha Luccioni, Bruna Trevelin, Margaret Mitchell

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Climate Change AI

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Resource Wiki

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The cost of compute: a $7 trillion dollar race to scale data centers

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by Jesse No!singer, Mark Patel, and Pankaj Sachdeva,
with Arjita Bhan, Haley Chang, and Maria Goodpaster

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3 Problems with Google's AI Energy Use Data

# data[].attributes.body
https://pagespeed.web.dev

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Measuring the environmental impact of delivering AI at Google Scale

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Cooper Elsworth, Keguo Huang, David Patterson, Ian Schneider, Robert Sedivy, Savannah Goodman, Ben Townsend, et.al.

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How to Measure and Act on Network Carbon Emissions in Green Software

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Green Coding

# data[].attributes.body
Everyday Green Coding: Bringing Nature and Grid-Awareness to Visual Studio Code

# data[].attributes.body
Branch

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You Champion Sustainability, But Is Your Website Green?

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Caroline Schneider, Catalina Mueller, Isobel Terry, Stephany Carrasco-Sardon, et.al.

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Greenframe

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Lowww Index of Low Carbon Websites

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Environmental Declaration

# data[].attributes.body
Boosting your bottom line through decarbonization

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Charlotte Degot, Diana Dimitrova, Hubertus Meinecke, Chrissy O’Brien, Yvonne Zhou, and Hassan Siddiqui

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Sustainable AI Tools: Your Guide to Green Tech in 2025

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Digital Responsibility Stakeholders Map

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Life-Cycle Emissions of AI Hardware:

A Cradle-To-Grave Approach and Generational Trends

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Ian Schneider, Hui Xu, Stephan Benecke, David Patterson, Keguo Huang,
Parthasarathy Ranganathan, and Cooper Elsworth

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The GPT-OSS models are here… and they’re energy-efficient!

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Climate Solutions

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Global Energy Review 2025: CO2 Emissions

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Energy and AI

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Powering Intelligence: Analyzing Artificial Intelligence and Data Center Energy Consumption

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Jordan Aljbour, Tom Wilson, Poorvi Patel

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Green IT Roadmap

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AI has high data center energy costs — but there are solutions

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Assessment of the energy performance and sustainability of data centres in EU.

First technical report

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Dennis Heatubun, Ionut Dragan, Marco Bolchi, Patricia Lopes Bautista, et.al.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.digitalcarbon.online

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How accounting software company Xero uses Climatiq to track and reduce IT emissions

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The Web’s Hidden Carbon Footprint: How Green Web Design Is Quietly Changing the Internet

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Key Internet Statistics in 2024