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Quantitative Research: If our goal is to confirm or test a theory or hypothesis we should use Quantitative research.

🎓Quantitative Research:

It allows you to test hypotheses.

The data collected will mainly be expressed in numbers and graphs.

It requires a larger sample size

The data is then analyzed through math statistical analysis.

🎓Qualitative Research:

It allows you to formulate a hypothesis.

Opposite to quantitative research, researcher will yield data that's expressed in words.

It requires a smaller sample size. (fewer respondents)

the data is then analyzed by summarizing, catergorizing and interpreting. (like trying to find patterns or recurring themes).

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Diferentes between qualitative and quantitative Research 

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Quantitative Research - Jennifer Del cid 4-757-4

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Quantitative Research - Jennifer Del cid 4-757-4

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Quantitative research is a systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.

One of the main characteristics of this type of research is that the results can be depicted in numerical form.

Quantitative research primarily centers on the analysis of numerical data and utilizes inferential statistics to derive conclusions that can be extrapolated to the broader population.

Quantitative research collects statistically significant information from existing and potential customers using sampling methods and sending out online surveys, online polls, and questionnaires, for example.

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Quantitative research is a method of gathering and analyzing numerical data to understand patterns, relationships, and trends.

Key Features

1. Objective Measurement: Uses instruments and tools that provide quantifiable data, such as surveys, questionnaires, tests, and statistical software.

2. Large Sample Size: Often involves large sample sizes to ensure the findings are generalizable to a broader population.

3. Structured Research Instruments: Employs standardized instruments for data collection to ensure consistency and reliability.

4. Statistical Analysis: Uses statistical methods to analyze data, identify correlations, and test hypotheses.

5. Replicability: The research design and methodology are detailed enough to be replicated by other researchers.

Quantitative research is widely used in fields such as social sciences, psychology, education, health sciences, and market research. It provides a rigorous and objective means of understanding complex phenomena and informing decision-making.

Common Quantitative Research Methods

1. Surveys and Questionnaires: Collect data from a large group of respondents using standardized questions.

2. Experiments: Manipulate one or more variables to observe their effect on other variables.

Quantitative vs Qualitative Research

Qualitative and quantitative research differ in their approaches and purposes. Qualitative research focuses on exploring phenomena through non-numerical data, such as interviews, observations, and textual analysis, aiming to understand experiences, meanings, and concepts from a subjective perspective. It is often used in the social sciences to gain deep insights into complex issues. In contrast, quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to identify patterns, test hypotheses, and make generalizations. It employs statistical methods to quantify variables and is commonly used in natural and social sciences to measure and analyze relationships between variables.

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Quantitative Research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider populations.

Also, in this research, diverse numerical data are collected through various methods and then statiscally analyzed to add data, compared them, or show relationships among the data. The purpose is to test a predefined theory or hypothesis and eventually either accept or reject it based on the results. Characteristics: Large sample size, structure data and measurable variables, easy-to-use data collection methods, data analysis, reliable and reusable outcomes.

Qualitative research vs Quantitative Research:

Both share the primary aim of knowledge acquisition, Quantitative research is numeric and objective, seeking to answer questions like when or where. On the other hand, qualitative research is concerned with subjective phenomena that can not be numerically measured. In qualitative research, the purpose is answer the question: Why?, while in the quantitative research, the purpose is to answer the question: How many/much?.

Qualitative research is a method of inquiry that develops understanding on human and social sciences, to explore the attitude or emotions. In contrary, quantitative research is a research method that is used to generate numerical data and hard facts, by employing statistical, logical and mathematical technique.

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Quantitative research is a systematic investigation that primarily quantifies relationships, behaviors, and other phenomena. It involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to understand patterns, test theories, and make predictions. Here are some key characteristics and methods of quantitative research:

Objective Measurement: Quantitative research relies on objective measurements and statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.

Structured Methods: It uses structured tools like surveys, questionnaires, and tests to gather data.

Statistical Analysis: Data is analyzed using statistical methods to identify relationships, trends, and patterns.

QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE

Data Type: Quantitative uses numerical data; qualitative uses non-numerical data.

Purpose: Quantitative aims for generalization and measurement; qualitative aims for understanding and interpretation.

Methods: Quantitative uses structured methods (surveys); qualitative uses unstructured or semi-structured methods (interviews).

Analysis: Quantitative employs statistical analysis; qualitative uses thematic or content analysis.

Sample Size: Quantitative typically requires large samples; qualitative focuses on smaller, more detailed samples.

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Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data to describe, predict, or control variables of interest. This type of research helps in testing the causal relationships between variables, making predictions, and generalizing results to wider populations. The purpose of quantitative research is to test a predefined theory or hypothesis and eventually either accept or reject it based on the results. Quantitative data analysis is used when researchers are interested in understanding data sets over time to identify patterns. This type of research is typically used in the fields of psychology, economics, sociology, and marketing.

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If you're wondering what is quantitative research and whether this methodology works for your research study, you're not alone. If you want a simple quantitative research definition , then it's enough to say that this is a method undertaken by researchers based on their study requirements. However, to select the most appropriate research for their study type, researchers should know all the methods available.

Selecting the right research method depends on a few important criteria, such as the research question, study type, time, costs, data availability, and availability of respondents. There are two main types of research methods- quantitative research  and qualitative research. The purpose of quantitative research is to validate or test a theory or hypothesis and that of qualitative research is to understand a subject or event or identify reasons for observed patterns.
Here are two quantitative research examples:
include few key steps as illustrated in the figure. Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data to describe, predict, or control variables of interest. This type of research helps in testing the causal relationships between variables, making predictions, and generalizing results to wider populations. The purpose of quantitative research is to test a predefined theory or hypothesis and eventually either accept or reject it based on the results. Quantitative data analysis is used when researchers are interested in understanding data sets over time to identify patterns. This type of research is typically used in the fields of psychology, economics, sociology, and marketing. Quantitative research methods ³

The steps shown in the figure can be grouped into the following broad steps:

Research design : In this step, the most appropriate quantitative research design will be selected, including deciding on the sample size, selecting respondents, identifying research sites, if any, etc.

Large sample size : This ensures reliability because this sample represents the target population or market. Due to the large sample size, the outcomes can be generalized to the entire population as well, making this one of the important characteristics of quantitative research .

Structured data and measurable variables: The data are numeric and can be analyzed easily. Quantitative research involves the use of measurable variables such as age, salary range, highest education, etc.

Reusable outcomes : This is one of the key characteristics - outcomes of one research can be used and replicated in other research as well and is not exclusive to only one study.

Quantitative research methods are classified into two types-primary and secondary.

In this type of quantitative research , data are directly collected by the researchers using the following methods.

. They are of two types- - Survey research: Surveys are the easiest and most commonly used quantitative research method cross-sectional and longitudinal.

->Longitudinal surveys are conducted at different time durations. These surveys involve observing the interactions among different variables in the target population, exposing them to various causal factors, and understanding their effects across a longer period. These studies are helpful to analyze a problem in the long term. An example of a longitudinal study is the study of the relationship between smoking and lung cancer over a long period.

- Descriptive research : Explains the current status of an identified and measurable variable. Unlike other types of quantitative research , a hypothesis is not needed at the beginning of the study and can be developed even after data collection. This type of quantitative research describes the characteristics of a problem and answers the what, when, where of a problem. However, it doesn't answer the of the problem and doesn't explore cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Data from this research could be used as preliminary data for another study. Example: A researcher undertakes a study to examine the growth strategy of a company. This sample data can be used by other companies to determine their own growth strategy.

- Correlational research : This quantitative research method is used to establish a relationship between two variables using statistical analysis and analyze how one affects the other. The research is non-experimental because the researcher doesn't control or manipulate any of the variables. At least two separate sample groups are needed for this research. Example: Researchers studying a correlation between regular exercise and diabetes.

- Causal-comparative research : This type of quantitative research examines the cause-effect relationships in retrospect between a dependent and independent variable and determines the causes of the already existing differences between groups of people. This is not a true experiment because it doesn't assign participants to groups randomly. Example: To study the wage differences between men and women in the same role. For this, already existing wage information is analyzed to understand the relationship.

- Experimental research : This quantitative research method uses true experiments or scientific methods for determining a cause-effect relation between variables. It involves testing a hypothesis through experiments, in which one or more independent variables are manipulated and then their effect on dependent variables are studied. Example: A researcher studies the importance of a drug in treating a disease by administering the drug in few patients and not administering in a few.

The following data collection methods are commonly used in primary quantitative research :

Observations : Structured observations are most commonly used in quantitative research . In this method, researchers make observations about specific behaviors of individuals in a structured setting.

Document review : Reviewing existing research or documents to collect evidence for supporting the quantitative research .

Surveys and questionnaires : Surveys can be administered both online and offline depending on the requirement and sample size.

The data collected can be analyzed in several ways in quantitative research , as listed below:

This method involves conducting research using already existing or secondary data. This method is less effort intensive and requires lesser time. However, researchers should verify the authenticity and recency of the sources being used and ensure their accuracy.
The main sources of secondary data are:

The Internet

Government and non-government sources

Public libraries

Educational institutions

Commercial information sources such as newspapers, journals, radio, TV

Here are some simple ways to decide when to use quantitative research . Use quantitative research to:

recommend a final course of action

find whether a consensus exists regarding a particular subject

generalize results to a larger population

determine a cause-and-effect relationship between variables

describe characteristics of specific groups of people

test hypotheses and examine specific relationships

identify and establish size of market segments

A research case study to understand when to use quantitative research⁷

Research questions : What are the advantages and disadvantages for the staff as a result of the hospital's move to the new design with all single-room accommodations? Did the move affect staff experience and well-being and improve their ability to deliver high-quality care?

The researchers obtained quantitative data from three sources:

quantitative research : The following observations were made based on quantitative data analysis:

1. The move to the new design did not result in a significant change in the proportion of time spent on different activities.

2. Staff activity events observed per session were higher after the move, and direct care and professional communication events per hour decreased significantly, suggesting fewer interruptions and less fragmented care.

3. A significant increase in medication tasks among the recorded events suggests that medication administration was integrated into patient care activities.

4. Travel distances increased for all staff, with highest increases for staff in the older people's ward and surgical wards.

5. Ratings for staff toilet facilities, locker facilities, and space at staff bases were higher but those for social interaction and natural light were lower.

When choosing the right research methodology, also consider the advantages of quantitative research and how it can impact your study.

Quantitative research methods are more scientific and rational. They use quantifiable data leading to objectivity in the results and avoid any chances of ambiguity.

In most cases, a hypothesis is already developed and quantitative research helps in testing and validating these constructed theories based on which researchers can make an informed decision about accepting or rejecting their theory.

Quantitative research is based on measured values, facts, and verifiable information so it can be easily checked or replicated by other researchers leading to continuity in scientific research.

Quantitative research may also be limiting; take a look at the disadvantages of quantitative research.

Although statistical analysis indicates the trends or patterns among variables, the reasons for these observed patterns cannot be interpreted and the research may not give a complete picture.

Large sample sizes are needed for more accurate and generalizable analysis.

Quantitative research cannot be used to address complex issues.

The term reliability refers to the consistency of a research study. For instance, if a food-measuring weighing scale gives different readings every time the same quantity of food is measured then that weighing scale is not reliable. If the findings in a research study are consistent every time a measurement is made, then the study is considered reliable. However, it is usually unlikely to obtain the exact same results every time because some contributing variables may change. In such cases, a correlation coefficient is used to assess the degree of reliability. A strong positive correlation between the results indicates reliability.

Validity can be defined as the degree to which a tool actually measures what it claims to measure. It helps confirm the credibility of your research and suggests that the results may be generalizable. In other words, it measures the accuracy of the research.

The following table gives the key differences between reliability and validity.

A mixed methods approach combines the characteristics of both quantitative research and qualitative research in the same study. This method allows researchers to validate their findings, verify if the results observed using both methods are complementary, and explain any unexpected results obtained from one method by using the other method. A mixed methods research design is useful in case of research questions that cannot be answered by either quantitative research or qualitative research alone. However, this method could be more effort- and cost-intensive because of the requirement of more resources. The figure 3 shows some basic mixed methods research designs that could be used.

Thus, quantitative research is the appropriate method for testing your hypotheses and can be used either alone or in combination with qualitative research per your study requirements. We hope this article has provided an insight into the various facets of quantitative research , including its different characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages, and a few tips to quickly understand when to use this research method.
References

McLeod, S. A. (2007).  What is reliability?  Simply Psychology. www.simplypsychology.org/reliability.html
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What is Quantitative Research? Definition, Methods, Types, and Examples | Researcher.Life

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Before adopting quantitative research for your study, you need to understand what is quantitative research. Read this article to learn the quantitative research definition, key characteristics, types of quantitative research, methods and examples, and pros and cons of quantitative research.

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WHAT IS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

This is a research strategy focused on collecting and analyzing numerical data to describe characteristics, find correlations, or test hypotheses.

COMPARING QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE

Qualitative Research

It focuses on subjective information like behaviors, emotions and experiences.

Answer: WHY?

Quantitative Research

It describes objetive information that can be expressed with numbers, graphs, charts.

Answer: HOW MANY/MUCH?

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Quantitative Research & Qualitative Research Rayini Grajales 8-853-2425

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Quantitative Research & Qualitative Research Rayini Grajales 8-853-2425

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Quantitative methodology is the dominant research framework in the social sciences. It refers to a set of strategies, techniques and assumptions used to study psychological, social and economic processes through the exploration of numeric patterns. Quantitative research gathers a range of numeric data. Some of the numeric data is intrinsically quantitative (e.g. personal income), while in other cases the numeric structure is imposed (e.g. ‘On a scale from 1 to 10, how depressed did you feel last week?’). The collection of quantitative information allows researchers to conduct simple to extremely sophisticated statistical analyses that aggregate the data. Quantitative research includes methodologies such as questionnaires, structured observations or experiments and stands in contrast to qualitative research.

Qualitative research involves the collection and analysis of narratives and/or open-ended observations through methodologies such as interviews, focus groups or ethnographies. The purpose of quantitative research is to generate knowledge and create understanding about the social world. Quantitative research is used by social scientists, including communication researchers, to observe phenomena or occurrences affecting individuals. Social scientists are concerned with the study of people. Quantitative research is a way to learn about a particular group of people, known as a sample population. Using scientific inquiry, quantitative research relies on data that are observed or measured to examine questions about the sample population.1-2

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Quantitative research aims to measure and quantify variables and collect numerical data, through methods such as surveys, questionnaires, and experiments. We can say that the data collected is analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Quantitative vs Qualitative research

*Qualitative research aims to explore and understand complex social phenomena in-depth, while quantitative research aims to measure and quantify variables in a systematic and objective manner.

*Qualitative research is an exploratory research approach that aims to understand complex social phenomena in-depth. While quantitative research involves collect numerical data through methods such as surveys, questionnaires, and experiments.

*Qualitative research seeks to understand a phenomenon within a real-world context using interviews and observation. While quantitative research seeks to understand the causal or correlational relationship between variables through testing hypotheses.

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Quantitative Research

It answers the questions who, what when and where and produce hard data through surveys, experiments or other tools. It generates numerical data to get effective statistics.

Qualitative Research

It collect data through unstructured open/ended text verbal responses. It is used when the subject matter is subjective not well understood or contains levels of nuance that would be difficult to codify in preselectec answer choices.

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Quantitative research is defined as a systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.

You can use quantitative research methods for:

·         In descriptive research, you simply seek an overall summary of your study variables.

·         In correlational research, you investigate relationships between your study variables.

·         In experimental research, you systematically examine whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between variables.

Quantitative research is the opposite of qualitative research, which involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio).

Quantitative research deals with numbers and statistics, while qualitative research deals with words and meanings.

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Quantitative research is all about figuring things out using numbers. It's like a detective with a calculator! Here's how it works:

Numbers are key: We collect information that can be counted or measured, like surveys with multiple-choice answers or experiments that track results.

Putting the numbers to work: We use fancy math and statistics to analyze this data and uncover patterns, trends, or relationships between things.

Making predictions: Sometimes, we can even use this info to predict what might happen.

Sharing the knowledge: We present our findings using numbers and charts, so it's clear and easy to understand.

The bigger picture: Ideally, what we learn from a small group of people (like a survey sample) can help us understand a larger group (like the whole population).

This type of research is based on the idea that the world can be measured and understood through objective observation and analysis.

How is Quantitative Research Different from Qualitative Research?

The key differences between quantitative and qualitative research are:

Data Collection: Quantitative research collects numerical data, while qualitative research collects non-numerical data like text, video, and audio

Analysis: Quantitative research uses statistical analysis, while qualitative research uses interpretive analysis of themes and patterns

Purpose: Quantitative research tests theories and hypotheses, while qualitative research explores complex topics and personal experiences

Approach: Quantitative research follows a deductive approach, while qualitative research follows an inductive approach

Quantitative research is focused on numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses, while qualitative research is focused on non-numerical data and interpretive analysis to explore complex phenomena.

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Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research: The Differences Explained | Scribbr 🎓

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Quantitative research is a systematic investigation that primarily focuses on quantifying variables, behaviors, phenomena, and their relationships through numerical data. It is used to answer questions such as "how much," "how often," "how many," and "to what extent."

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Quantitative Research. Oprah Ríos 4-790-1785

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Quantitative Research. Oprah Ríos 4-790-1785

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Quantitative Research: Focuses on quantifying data and generalizing results, uses structured methods, and produces numerical data for statistical analysis.

Qualitative Research: Focuses on understanding and exploring phenomena in-depth, uses unstructured methods, and produces descriptive data for thematic analysis.

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Differences:

Nature of Data: Quantitative research uses numerical data, while qualitative research uses textual or visual data.

Objective vs. Subjective: Quantitative research aims for objectivity through numerical measurement, while qualitative research explores subjective experiences and meanings.

Analysis Methods: Quantitative research uses statistical analysis, while qualitative research uses interpretative techniques.

Sample Sizes: Quantitative research typically uses larger samples, whereas qualitative research uses smaller, purposeful samples.

Generalizability: Quantitative research often aims for generalizability of findings to larger populations, while qualitative research focuses on in-depth understanding within specific contexts